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Kutarisa Rimwe reVanyori Vanonyanya Kukurukura mu Audio Electronics
Pandakanga ndichidzidza zvinyorwa zvekutinhira, imwe yeruzivo rwakanga rwaoma zvikuru kwandiri kuti ndive rwakanga rwakabuda impedance. Input impedance yandinonzwisisa zvisizvo, kubva pamuenzaniso wehurukuro . Mushure mezvose, mutyairi wekutaura ane cheil yematare, uye ndaiziva kuti coil yematare inodzivisa magetsi. Asi zvinokonzerwa nemhedheni? Sei chikwata chemugadziri kana chipangamupinyi chine mhedziso pane zvayo, ndakashamisika? Hazvingadi here kuunza zvese zvinogona kuitika uye kumhanya kune zvose zvinotyaira?
Mukukurukurirana kwangu nevaverengi uye vanofarira mumakore ose aya, ndauya kuzoziva kuti ini handizvo ndoga ndisina kuwana pfungwa yose yekubudisa imhedheni. Saka ndaifunga kuti zvingava zvakanaka kuti ndiite pekutanga panyaya yacho. Muchikamu chino, ini ndichatarisana nemamiriro matatu akafanana uye akasiyana zvikuru: preamps, amps uye headphone amps.
Kutanga, ngatitorei muchidimbu pfungwa yekusaziva . Kurwisana ndicho chikonzero chechimwe chinhu chinodzivirira kubuda kwe DC magetsi. Kukanganisa ndiko chinhu chimwe chete, asi neAAC pane DC. Kazhinji, imhedheni yeimwe chikamu ichashandurwa sezvo nguva inowanikwa yechiratidzo chegetsi ichichinja. Semuenzaniso, koriki kadiki yematare inenge iine zero impedance pa1 Hz asi yakakwirira impedance pa100 kHz. A capacitor ingangodaro inenge ichingopedzisira isingagoneki mumhepo inenge 1 Hz asi inenge isina mhedziso iri pa100 kHz.
Mhedziso inonzi impedance ndiyo yakawanda yemupedheni pakati pepamberi kana kuti zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvinowanzobuda (zvinowanzoenderera mberi, asi zvichida se transformer kana tube) uye chaiyo zvigadziriswa zvikamu zvechikamu chacho. Izvi zvinosanganisira impedance yechipikicha pachayo.
Sei Uchida Kubudiswa Kwakaitwa?
Saka nei chikwata chingave nechikwereti chinonzi impedance? Kune chikamu chikuru, ndechokudzivirira icho kupesana nekukuvara kubva kumativi mashomanene.
Chero chero chigadzirwa chinogadziriswa chakakosha muhuwandu hwemagetsi ezvino hunogona kubata. Kana zvakakosha zvechigadzirwa chacho zvishoma, zvinokurudzirwa kuunza yakawanda yemari yemazuva ano. Semuenzaniso, 2.83-volt chiratidzo chinokonzera chichabudisa ikozvino ye-0.35 amps uye 1 watt emasimba mu-8-ohm mukurukuri. Hapana dambudziko ipapo. Asi kana tambo ine 0.01 ohms impedance yakabatanidzana pane zvigadziridzo zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi, iyo imwechete 2.83-volt chiratidzo chekubuda ichabudisa ikozvino ye 282.7 amps uye 800 watts emasimba. Icho chiri kure, zvakanyanya kudarika vazhinji vanobudisa zvigadzirwa zvinogona kuunza. Kunze kwekuti amp inenge yakachengeteka dunhu kana chipangizo, ipapo iyo inogadzirwa ichapedza uye inogona kunge ichikuvara zvachose. Uye hongu, inogona kutora moto.
Nechimwe chimiro chemhedheni yakagadzirirwa mukati mechirongwa chacho, icho chikamu chiri pachena chinodzivirirwa zvikuru pamakwikwi mafupi, nokuti kubuda kwemitambo kune nguva dzose iri munharaunda. Iti iwe une kemikorosi ine yakabuda impedance ye30 ohms, uchifambisa pa-32-ohm headphones, uye iwe unopedza tambo yepamusoro-soro nekukurumidza kuidzvora nekasi. Iwe unobva kubva kuhurongwa hwemutambo wose we 62 ohms pasi kusvika kumagedhiro ose emamwe makumi matatu 30.01 ohms, iyo isati yakanyanya kudaro. Zvechokwadi zvakanyanya kuderera kupfuura kuenda kubva 8 ohms kusvika ku 0.01 ohms.
Izvozvo Zvakaderera Zvakabuda Sei Kuvharirwa Kuve?
Mutemo mukuru wegumbo muhurukuro ndeyekuti iwe unoda kuti mishonga inonzi impedance ive inodarika 10 zvakaderera pane iyo inotarisirwa impedance inopihwa iyo ichadyisa. Nenzira iyi, iyo inokonzerwa nemagedhi inenge isisina kukosha kwekuita kwehutano. Kana iyo yakabuda imedance yakawanda kanopfuura katatu iyo imedance inopinza iyo ichadya, unogona kuwana matambudziko mashomanana akasiyana.
Neyodhidhiyo yemavhidhiyo, inewo-yakakwirira inokonzerwa nemhepo inogona kukonzera kudonha zvinokonzera kukonzera weird frequency response anomalies, uye zvinoguma nekuderedza simba rinobuda. Kuti uwane zvakawanda pamusoro pezviitiko izvi, chengeta zvangu zvekutanga uye zvepiri zvinyorwa pamusoro pekuti matauri ekutaura angakanganisa sei inzwi rehuzha.
Nekukura, pane dambudziko rinowedzera. Apo iyo yakagadziridza inotungamirira mutauriri wekutaura mberi kana kumashure, kusimurudza komukurukuri kunounza kona kudzo. Ichi chiito chinokonzera magetsi iyo inobva yadzoserwa kumashure. (Ichi chinoshamisa chinonzi "EMF mushure" kana simba reverse electromotive.) Kana iyo yakagadzirisa yakabuda yemhepo yakaderera yakakwana, inenge ichinyatsobuda kunze kweEEMF zvakare uye ichiita sechitsvaga pamba kana ichidzoka. Kana iyo yakagadziriswa yakabuda mumhepo yakanyanya kukwirira, haikwanisi kumisa koni, uye iyo inowedzera ichitsvaira kusvika mberi kusvikira kupesana kwamira. Izvi zvinogadzira mhete uye inoita manotsi nguva mushure mekunge vafanirwa kumira.
Iwe unogona kuona izvi mune damping chiyeuchidzo chemasimba. Damping factor ndiyo inotarisirwa kuwandisa inopinza impedance (8 ohms) yakaparadzaniswa nemutengo impedance ye amp. Iyo yakakwirira nhamba, zviri nani kuderedza muto.
Amplifier Output Impedance
Sezvo tichitaura nezvesimba, ngatitangei nemuenzaniso iwoyo, unoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro. Mutauriri wemitambo inowanzoenzaniswa 6 kusvika ku10 ohms, asi inowanzoita kuti vatauriri vauye ku 3 ohms impedance pane dzimwe nguva, uye kunyange 2 ohms mune zvimwe zviitiko zvakanyanya. Kana iwe uchimhanya vaviri vatauri muzvikamu, sezvinowanzoitwa nevanhu vanowanzoita pavanenge vachigadzira mitambo ye- multiroom , iyo inoderedza impedance muhafu, zvinoreva mutauri anonyorera 2 ohms pa, anoti, 100 Hz ikozvino inosvika ku 1 ohm pane iyo nguva iyo akabatana nemumwe mutauri weboka rimwechete. Icho chiitiko chakanyanyisa, hongu, asi vakagadziri vemagetsi vanofanirwa kutora nhoroondo yezviitiko zvakadaro zvakanyanya kana vangangotarisana nemurwi mukuru wemamps inouya mukugadzirisa.
Kana tikatarisa zvishoma zvichitaura semutauriri we 1 ohm, zvinoreva kuti amp inofanira kuva nehuwandu hwemhepo inenge isina 0.11m. Zviri pachena kuti hapana nzvimbo yekuwedzera kukwana kwakakwana kune iyi amp output kuti ipe purogiramu zvigadziriro chero ipi zvayo kudzivirirwa.
Nokudaro, iyo amplifier ichafanirwa kushandisa imwe nzira yekuchengetedza dunhu. Izvozvo zvinogona kuva chimwe chinhu chinotarisa zvinoita ma amp amp uye zvinobvisa zvabuda kana ikozvino kwekukwevedza kwakanyanya. Kana kuti inogona kunge yakajeka seyo fuse kana mutsigiri wedunhu paanouya AC power line kana rairi yesimba. Izvi zvinogadzirisa simba rekushandisa apo iyo yemauto ikozvino yakawanda kupfuura iyo amp angagona kubata.
Sezvineiwo, inenge yose iyo tube tube amplifiers inoshandiswa kubva kuhuwandu transformers, uye nokuti zvinoshandiswa transformers zvinongova mahwendefa ematare akaputirwa nechendarira yesimbi, vane mhedziso yakawanda yeavo, dzimwe nguva yakawanda se 0.5 ohm kana kupfuura. Ichokwadi kuti, kuenzanisa kutinhira kwegomba amp muShufire yakasimba-yakasimba (transistor) amplifiers, muvakidzani ane mukurumbira Bob Carver akawedzera "mamiriro emamiriro ezvinhu" akaisa 1-ohm resistor mumakwikwi nemagetsi ekugadzira. Ichokwadi kuti izvi zvakakanganisa huwandu hwepakati-1 kusvika ku10 hwekubuda kwemhepo kunotarisirwa kutarisira imhedheni yekupinza yatakakurukura pamusoro apa, uye izvi zvakaguma nemagumisiro ekupindura kwemajairo ehurukuro yakagadziriswa, asi ndizvo zvaunowana nehuwandu hwema tube amps uye ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitwa naCarver kuenzanisa.
02 of 03
Preamp / Chitubu Chirongwa Chikuita Kuda
Nechirangaridzo kana chitubu chekushandisa (CD player, cable box, nezvimwewo), sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro, pane mamiriro akasiyana. Muchiitiko ichi, hauna hanya nezvesimba kana ikozvino. Zvose zvaunoda kuti ubudise chiratidzo chemazwi ndiyo gasi. Nokudaro, mamiriro ekudzivirira - simba rinokurudzira, munyaya yepamberi, kana chiyeuchidzo, mune imwe nzvimbo yedhina-inogona kuva nehuwandu hwempedance yekushandisa. Chero chipi zvacho chiripo chinouya kuburikidza nemutsetse chakavharidzirwa zvachose nemhepo yakakwirira inopinza impedance, asi mhepo inotanga kuburikidza zvakanaka.
Nokuda kwemasimba akawanda amps uye preamps, kupererwa kwemugumo we 10 kusvika ku100 kilohms kwakajairika. Injinizi dzinogona kuenda kumusoro, asi dzinogona kuwedzera ruzha nenzira iyo. Zvichiitika, gitare amps inowanzova nemakedhoni emakiromita 250 kilohms kusvika 1 megohm, nokuti gitare yemagetsi pickups inowanzova nemakedhi emitambo kubva ku3 kusvika ku10 kilohms.
Muchikwata chepfupi chinogona kunge chakajairika nemakwikwi emigwagwa, nokuti zviri nyore kuuraya zvisina kukanganisa vatori vaviri vasina kufuka reRCA plug pamusoro pechigadziko chesimbi chinodziputira kunze. Nokudaro, zvipembenene zvinokonzerwa ne 100 ohms kana kupfuura zvakajairika mu preamps uye zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa. Ndakaona mashomanana akasiyana-siyana, ekupedzisira-ekupedzisira zvikamu nemakethesheni emitambo yepamusoro-soro zvichikwira se 2 ohms, asi izvi zvichave zvakanyanya-zvinorema zvinokonzerwa nechitenderera kana kuchengetedza dunhu kudzivirira kukanganisa kubva kune shorts. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vangave nekubatanidza capacitor pane zvakabuda kuti vadzivise DC mavhenekeri uye kudzivirira kubudisa kupisa kwedambo.
Phono preamps inyaya yakasiyana zvachose. Nepo pavanowanzova nemakedheni akafanana neaya eCD player, maitiro avo emitambo yakasiyana zvakasiyana neaya ekutanga-stamp-preamp. Izvo zvakawandisa kupinda muno. Zvichida ndichachera munyaya iyoyo pane imwe nyaya.
03 of 03
Headphone Amp Output Imhedheni
Kuvhiringidzika mukuzivikanwa kwema-headphones kwakaburitsa pane weird, kwete-standard system impedance urongwa hwemagetsi anonyanyisa mafoni kumeso. Kusiyana nemafuta anowanzogadzirwa, hurumphone huputi inouya mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvakasununguka mitambo. Zvechokwadi zvisingatoshi headphone amps, yakafanana neakavakwa mumakombiyuta akawanda epakombiyuta, inogona kunge yakakonzerwa nemhepo yakasviba inosvika 75 kana kunyange 100 ohms, kunyange zvazvo kumhanya kwemhepo kunowanikwa kubva munenge 16 kusvika ku70 ohms.
Hazvisi nyore kune mutengi kusunungura uye kuyananidza vatauri kana magetsi ari kushanda, uyewo zvisingabviri kuti vatauri vambo vakuvadzwa kana amp amp ari kufamba. Asi ne headphones, zvinhu izvi zvinoitika nguva dzose. Vanhu vanowanzobatanidza kana kubvisa mafoni kunyunyuta pamusoro pemafoni. Musoro wechungete dzinowanzowonongedzwa - dzimwe nguva kusika pfupi pfupi - apo vari kushandiswa. Zvechokwadi, vazhinji vemafoni mapepa ndezvigadzirwa zvishoma, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kuwedzera kwakachengetedzwa kwekuvhara dhora-inorambidza. Saka vashandi vanotora nzira iri nyore yekubuda: Vanokurudzira kubuda kwemhepo kwechigadziridziro kuburikidza nekuwedzera kupikisa (kana pane dzimwe nguva capacitor).
Sezvaunogona kuona mumasikironi angu emakumbo (enda pasi kune yechipiri grafu), high output impedance inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakawanda pamusana pemhinduro yefoni. Ndinoyera kupindura kwemafaira kwekambani yekutanga neMusical Fidelity headphone amp iyo ine 5-ohm output impedance, uye zvakare nemamwe 70 ohms ekumanikidzwa akawedzerwa kuti aite chikwata chekubuda kwemhepo 75 ohms.
Mhedzisiro iyo iyo yakabuda yakakwirira imedance ichave yakasiyana nekusagadzikana kwemafoni akabatanidzwa, uye kunyanya nekushandurwa kwemhepo yakasununguka pamusana pechirwere. Mafoni anonzi impedance yakawanda inoshanduka - sezvinonyanya ku-nzeve mienzaniso nemafambiro akaenzana-zvigadzirisiti zvingaita-zvinowanzoratidza kuchinja kwakakura mumagumo ekupindura apo iwe unoshanduka kubva kune amp amp uye yakasununguka imedance kune imwe ine yakabuda impedance. Kakawanda, kemusoro-soro iyo ine simba-inonzwika inonzi tonal balance iyo inoshandiswa nechepasi-impedance chinyorwa ichava nebhasiki, inononoka-kutinhira iyo inoshandiswa ne-high-imedance source.
Nenzira inonakidza, kuderera kwepasiporesi inowanikwa mune dzakawanda zvepamusoro-soro headphone amps (kunyanya yakasimba-mamiriro ehurumende), uye kunyange zvimwe zvinyorwa zvishoma zvinyorwa zvigadzirwa mumashoni akadai sePhones. Kazhinji hapana nzira yekuziva nayo kana hufoni inotaurirwa kuti ishandiswe nepamusoro kana yakaderera mitambo yakasununguka, asi ini ndinosarudza kubatisisa pasi shoma impedance nekuda kwezvikonzero zvinotaurwa munyaya ino.
Ndinosarudza kusashandisa headphones neimpedance yakawanda inoshandura iyo inogona kuita kuti mhinduro dzakaita zvinoshanduka painoshandiswa nehephonephone amps dzine high output impedance (kufanana neiyo papeputa ndiri kunyora izvi pa). Zvisinei, zvinosuruvarisa, ini ndinowanzofarira kurira kwemasimba akanaka-e-ear earphone kune imwe inoshandisa madhirairi ane simba, saka kana ndikashandisa ma-headphones aya nefoni yangu, ndinowanzobatanidza kunze kwema-amp kana USB headphone amp / DAC.
Ndinoziva ichi chave chiri tsanangudzo yakareba kwenguva refu, asi kubuda kwemhepo ndiyo nheyo yakaoma. Ndinotenda nokuda kwekutakura neni, uye kana mune mibvunzo kana kana ndikasiya chimwe chinhu, nditumirei e-mail uye ndiudze.