Zvinowanzwisiswa kuti pane zvipingamupinyi zvakasarudzwa kuti tingashandisa sei marudzi akawanda emafaira e digital. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vakawanda havatarisiri kuti vanofanira kukwanisa kutengesa firimu kunze kweDVD kana Blu-ray uye voira firimu kuIndaneti pasina.
Zvingave izvo vanhu vangave vasingazivi, kunyange zvakadaro, iyo iyo nzira dzakasiyana dzekushandiswa kusina mvumo dzinodziviswa. Kune mitambo yakasiyana-siyana yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa kuita izvi, asi iyo yose inowira munharaunda yeD Digital Rights Management, inozivikanwa seR DRM.
Digital Rights Management Inotsanangurwa
Digital Rights Management ndiyo teknolojia inobatanidza mamwe maitiro pamusoro pekuti mamwe majeredhi e media digital-akadai semimhanzi, mafirimu, uye mabhuku-anogona kushandiswa uye akagoverwa.
Nheyo dzeDynamic Rights Management dzakabatanidzwa pane chimwe chinhu chinowanzogadzirwa nemuridzi wechidimbu chedhijidhi (somuenzaniso, kambani yekodhi inogadzira DRM inowanikwa nemimhanzi inoita kuti iwane digitally). DRM inokodhwa mufaira muchiedza kuita kuti zvibvirire kubvisa. I-DRM ndiyo inotonga kuti mafaira acho anoita sei uye anogona kushandiswa, pamakombiyuta ekupedzisira-vashandi.
DRM inowanzoshandiswa kuchengetedza zvinhu zvakadai sokugovana kwema MP3s pamasereti-kutengeserana kana kuti kuve nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vanotenga nziyo dzavanotora kubva paInternet.
Digital Rights Management haisipo mune faira dzose dze digital. Kazhinji, inongoshandiswa chete muzvinhu zvakatengwa kubva kuInternet media stores kana vashandisi vepurogiramu. Haisati yashandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mumwe munhu akasika dhijiti faira, zvakadai sokubvarura mimhanzi kubva kuCD . Dhidhiyo yemadhidhi audio yakasikwa panguva iyoyo haifaniri kutakura DRM mavari.
Uses of DRM ne iPod, iPhone, uye iTunes
Apo Apple akaunza iTunes Store kuti atengese mimhanzi inoshandiswa paPod (uye gare gare iPhone), mifananidzo yose yemimhanzi inotengeswa imomo yaisanganisira DRM. Kodzero yeD Digital Rights Management inoshandiswa neTunes yakabvumira vashandi kuisa uye kutamba nziyo dzakatengwa kubva iTunes kusvika pamakombiyuta mashanu-chirongwa chinonzi chiremera . Kuisa uye kuridza rwiyo rwemamwe makombiyuta ((kazhinji) hazviitike.
Mamwe makambani anoshandisa zvinoremekedzwa zve DRM, zvakadai sokuita nziyo dzakadzingwa dzichitamba chete apo mutengi anonyora kune imwe masaiti emimhanzi, achikuvadza faira uye achiita kuti irege kutamba kana ikarasa kubhadhara. Iyi nzira inoshandiswa naSpotify, Apple Music, uye mamwe mabasa akafanana .
Zvichida zvinonzwisisika, Digital Rights Management haisati yave yakakurumbira nevatengi uye yakangove yakatsigirwa zvikuru nemakambani ezvenhau uye vamwe vanyori. Vatsigiri vekodzero dzevatengi vakapomera kuti vashandi vanofanira kunyatsozvitenga zvavanotenga kunyange kana vari digital uye kuti DRM inodzivisa izvi.
Kunyange zvazvo Apple yakashandisa DRM kwemakore paTunes, muna Jan. 2008, kambani yakabvisa DRM kubva nziyo dzose dzakatengeswa muchitoro. DRM haisati yashandiswa kukopa-inodzivirira nziyo dzakatengwa paTunes Store, asi mamwe maitiro azvo achiripo pane zvinotevera mafaira anogona kubudiswa kana kutengwa pane iTunes:
- Mabhuku ehurukuro
- iBooks
- Vhidhiyo
- Apps
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Inoshandiswa neHurumende
Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzeUnited States dzinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana, asi kazhinji kutaura, DRM inoshandisa nekuisa mashoko ekushandisa mune faira uye zvino kupa nzira yekuongorora kuti chinhu chiri kushandiswa maererano nemitemo iyoyo.
Kuita kuti izvi zvive nyore kunzwisisa, ngatishandise muenzaniso wemimhanzi yedijiti. Imwe faira inogona kunge iine DRM yakaiswa mukati maro iyo inobvumira kuti ingoshandiswa chete nemunhu akaitenga. Apo rwiyo rwacho rwakatengwa, kambani yekushandisa yemunhu iyeye yaizobatana nefaira. Zvadaro, kana munhu anoshandisa kuridza rwiyo urwu, chikumbiro chinotumirwa kune server yeWindows kuti uone kana iyo iyo yevashandi yekodzero ine mvumo yekuita rwiyo. Kana ikadaro, rwiyo rwaizoita. Kana zvisina kudaro, mushandisi aizowana mhosho yemashoko.
Chimwe chaicho chinoratidzika pasi pechirevo ichi ndechekuti basa rinoongorora zvibvumirano zveRussia harisi kushanda pane chimwe chikonzero. Muchiitiko chacho, zvinyorwa zvinotengwa zvakakodzera zvingave zvisisipo.
Kuparara kweDzimba dzeDzimba dzekuDzimba
DRM, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, inyanzvi yepamakwikwi, sezvo vamwe vanhu vanopikisa kuti inobvisa kodzero dzevatengi munyika. Vaparidzi vevhidhiyo vanoshandisa DRM vanopikisa kuti zvakakosha kuti vaone kuti vanobhadhara pfuma yavo.
Muzana remakore rokutanga kana kuti zvema media media, DRM yakanga yakajairika uye yakakurumbira nemakambani ezvemhizha-zvikurukuru mushure mekuvhiringidzika kwezvinhu zvakadai seNapster . Vamwe vanoshandisa tech-savvy vakawana nzira dzokukunda marudzi akawanda eDVD uye vakasununguka kugovana digital files. Kukundikana kwezvirongwa zvakawanda zveRussia uye kudzvinyirira kubva kuvatsigiri vevatengi zvakatungamirira makambani makuru ezvemabhizimusi kuti achinje mararamiro avo kune kodzero dze digital.
Sekunyora uku, kubhadhara maitiro akaita seApple Music anopa mimhanzi isina kukwana chero bedzi iwe uchiramba uchibhadhara mari yemwedzi iwe yakawanda zvikuru kupfuura kutonga kodzero dzemadhora.