Izwi rokuti NoSQL rakagadzirwa muna 1998. Vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti NoSQL ishoko rinonyadzisa rakagadzirirwa kutarisa paSQL. Muzvokwadi, izwi iri rinoreva kwete Chete SQL. Pfungwa iyi ndeyekuti teknolojia yose inogona kuwirirana uye imwe neimwe ine nzvimbo yayo. Sangano reNoSQL rave riri munhau mumakore mashomanana akapfuura vazhinji vevatungamiri veWeb 2.0 vakatora teknolojia yeNoSQL. Makambani akaita sa Facebook, Twitter, Digg, Amazon, LinkedIn, uye Google vose vanoshandisa NoSQL nenzira imwe neimwe.
Ngatitore pasi NoSQL kuitira kuti iwe unogona kuzvitsanangurira kuCIO yako kana kunyange vashandi vako.
NoSQL Yakasimuka Kubva Kudiwa
Dhaka Kuchengetedza: Nhamba yedare yakachengetedzwa yepasi inowanikwa muexabytes. An exabyte yakaenzana neigigabytes imwe (GB) ye data. Maererano neIntern.com, nhamba ye data yakachengetwa yakawedzerwa muna 2006 yaiva 161 exabytes. Makore mana chete gare gare muna 2010, kuwanda kwemari yakachengetwa kuchava anenge 1 000 ExaBytes iyo inowedzera yepamusoro pa500%. Mune mamwe mazwi, kune dambudziko rakawanda riri kuchengetwa munyika uye rinongoramba richikura.
Interconnected Data: Data inoramba ichiwedzera. Zvisikwa zvewebhu zvakagadziriswa mukati mehutano, mabloggi ane pingbacks uye ose makuru makuru social network ane mathesi anosunga zvinhu pamwechete. Maitiro makuru anovakwa kuti ave akabatana.
Sangano Rakawandisa Dhizinesi : NoSQL inogona kushandisa zvivako zvemashoko ezvekunyanya kunakidzwa nyore nyore. Kuti uite chinhu chimwe chete muSQL, iwe unoda matafura akawanda ekufambidzana nemhando dzose dzekiyi.
Mukuwedzera, kune ukama huripo pakati pekuita uye dambudziko rakaoma. Kuita kunogona kuderedza muDBBMS dzepaduku sezvo isu tichichengetedza huwandu hwakawanda hwehuwandu hunodiwa mumashandisirwo ekugadzira mitambo yevanhu uye semantic web.
Chii chinonzi NoSQL?
Ndinofungidzira imwe nzira yekutsanangurira NoSQL ndeyokufunga kuti chii chaicho.
Haisi SQL uye haisi hama. Kufanana nezita rinoratidza, haisi nzvimbo ye RDBMS asi rinokurumbidza. NoSQL yakagadzirirwa kugovera zvinyorwa zvemashoko nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvakanyanya zvakadzama data. Funga nezve Facebook ne 500,000,000 vashandi kana Twitter iyo inowedzera Terabits yedata zuva rimwe nerimwe.
Mune dhesi yeNoSQL, hapana chigadziro chakasarudzwa uye hachina kubatana. I RDBMS "inoyera" nekuwana hardware nekukurumidza uye kuwedzera chiyeuchidzo. NoSQL, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kushandisa "kuwedzera". Kuyera kunze kunoreva kuparadzira mutoro pamusoro pemitambo yakawanda yezvinhu. Ichi ndicho chikamu cheNoSQL chinoita kuti isarudzo isingadhuri yemasitetisiti makuru.
NoSQL Categories
Ikozvino yeNoSQL yenyika inopinda mumasangano mana.
- Zvinhu zvinokosha-Zvigadzirwa zvinowanikwa zvakanyanya paDynamo Paper yeAmazon yakanyorwa muna 2007. Pfungwa huru ndeyokuvapo kwetafura ye hash apo pane chinhu chakasiyana uye chinongedzera kune chimwe chinhu che data. Iyi mappings inowanzoendeswa nenzira dzekuchengetedza kuti kuwedzere kushanda.
Column Family Stores yakasikwa kuchengetedza nekugadzira yakawandisa yakawanda yedata rakaparadzirwa pamusoro pemichina yakawanda. Iko kuchine magetsi asi inongoratidzira kune mikoko yakawanda. Munyaya yeBigTable (Google's Column Family NoSQL model), mitsetse inozivikanwa nemutsara wezera uye data yakarongwa uye yakachengetedzwa nekiyi. Iyo misoro yakarongedzwa nemhuri yemhuri.
- Document Database s yakafuridzirwa neLotus Notes uye yakafanana neyekutengesa-zvinokosha zvese. Iko muenzaniso ndiyo inonyorwa zvipumburu izvo zvinounganidza zvimwe zvikamu zvinokosha-kukohwa. Zvinyorwa zvakasarudzwa zvakachengetwa zviri kuchengetwa mumashandi akafanana neJSON.
- Grafu Database s yakavakwa ne nodes, hukama pakati pezvinyorwa uye zvinhu zve nodes. Panzvimbo yematafura emitsara nemadzamu uye simba rakaoma reSQL, chimiro chemafirimu chinoshandiswa chinoshandiswa chinogona kukwira pamichina yakawanda.
Major NoSQL Players
Vatambi vakuru muNoSQL vakabuda zvikurukuru nekuda kwemasangano akaatora ivo. Zvimwe zveNorth Greatest Technologies zvinosanganisira:
- Dynamo: Dynamo yakasikwa neAmazon.com uye ndiyo inonyanya kukoshesa Key-Value NoSQL database. Amazon yakanga ichitsvaga nzvimbo inogona kuparadzirwa yakawanda yebhizimisi dzavo dze e-commerce saka dzakagadzira Dynamo. Amazon S3 inoshandisa Dynamo senzira yekuchengetedza.
- Cassandra: Cassandra yakasunungurwa neChristian Facebook uye iyo inotarisana neNoSQL database.
- BigTable: BigTable ndiyo yepaGoogle yekodhesi yekodhina yakarongedzwa. Google inobvumira kushandiswa kweBigTable asi yeGoogle App Engine chete.
- SimpleDB: SimpleDB imwe nheyo dzeAmazon. Yakashandiswa kuExcus EC2 uye S3, iyo inhengo yeAmazon Web Services iyo inokwereta mari zvichienderana nekushandiswa.
- CouchDB: CouchDB pamwe neMongoDB ndiyo yakazarura gwaro rakagadzirwa neNoSQL databases.
- Neo4J: Neo4j igwaro rekushandisa rakazarura girafu.
Kuedza NoSQL
Mubvunzo wekuti ungatsvaga sei database yeNoSQL ndiyo iyo vashanduri vakawanda vanofarira. Pashure pezvose, dhesi rakachengetwa mune database yakakura haiti munhu chero ipi zvayo zvakanaka kana iwe usingakwanisi kuwana uye kuratidza kuti kugumisa vashandisi kana mawebasa ewebhu. NoSQL databases haisi kupa hurukuro yepamusoro yekududzira mutauro semuSQL. Pane kudaro, kutsvaga mabhuku aya ndeye data-model chaiyo.
Mazhinji eNoSQL mapurisa anobvumira RESTful interfaces kune data. Zvimwe zvinopa mazano APIs. Kune mibvunzo yakawanda yemibvunzo yakagadzirirwa iyo inoedza kutsvaga mazita akawanda eNoSQL. Zvishandiso izvi zvinowanzoshanda kune rimwe chete NoSQL chikamu. Mumwe muenzaniso ndeye SPARQL. SPARQL ishoko rinokurudzira rondedzero yakagadzirirwa ma graph database. Heano muenzaniso wePARQL mhinduro inowana URL yeblogger imwe (kurumbidzwa kweBMM):
PREFIX foaf:
Sarudza? Url
KUBVA
WHERE {
? kugovera fodya: zita rokuti "Jon Foobar".
? kugovera fodya: weblog? url.
}
Ramangwana reNoSQL
Masangano ane makuru makuru ekuchengetedza dambudziko zvinodiwa ari kutarisisa zvakanyanya paNoSQL. Sezviri pachena, pfungwa iyi haisi kuwana kutengesa kwakanyanya mumasangano maduku. Mukutsvakurudza kwakaitwa neChirungu Chinyorwa, 44% yevashandi veIIT bhizinesi havana kunzwa nezveNoSQL. Uyezve, 1% chete yevakabvunzwa vakapindura kuti NoSQL chikamu chetungamiri ravo. Zviri pachena, NoSQL ine nzvimbo yayo munyika yedu yakabatana asi ichadikanwa kuramba ichitsvaga kuti iwane kukokwa kwevanhu vakawanda vanofunga kuti inogona kuva nayo.