Maitiro EFI Achachinja Bhoot Process Of A Personal Computer
Paunotanga kuvhara pakombiyuta yako, haiti kutanga kutakudza yako yehutori. Inopinda nepurogiramu yaive yakatangwa neyekutanga makombiyuta kuburikidza nekugadzira hardware kuburikidza neChina Input Output System kana BIOS . Izvi zvinodiwa kuti zvibvumirane zvakasiyana-siyana zvepakombiyuta zvigone kutaurirana zvakanaka. Kamwe Simba Pakuzvidzivirira POST kana POST rapera, BIOS inotanga kunyatsoshandisa system boot loader. Izvi zvinenge zvakasara zvakafanana kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri asi vatengi vangave vasingazivi kuti izvi zvashanduka mumakore maviri akapfuura. Makombiyuta akawanda ikozvino anoshandisa chirongwa chinonzi Unified Extensible Firmware Interface kana UEFI. Nyaya ino inotarisa kuti chii ichi uye zvinorevei kumakombiyuta ega.
Nhoroondo YeEFI
UEFI inonyanya kuwedzerwa kwepakutanga Extensible Firmware Interface yakagadzirwa neIntel. Vakagadzira iyi hardware itsva ne software software interface pavakatanga chirwere chakaipa chaItanium kana IA64 server processor lineup. Nemhaka yekuvakwa kwayo yakakosha uye kukwana kwehurongwa hweBIOS huripo, vaida kutanga nzira itsva yekugadzirisa hardware kune imwe nzira yekushandisa iyo inobvumira kushanduka kukuru. Nemhaka yokuti Itanium yakanga isiri kubudirira kukuru, EFI mitemo yakasuwa zvakare kwemakore mazhinji.
Muna 2005, Unified EFI Forum yakasimbiswa pakati pezvikwata zvakakura zvezvikwata zvinogona kuwedzera pane zvinyorwa zvepakutanga zvakagadzirwa neIntel kuti ibudise mamiriro matsva ekugadzirisa hardware uye software inoshandiswa. Izvi zvinosanganisira makambani akaita se AMD, Apple, Dell, HP, IBM, Intel, Lenovo uye Microsoft. Kunyange vaviri vevakakurumbira veBIOS, American Megatrends Inc. uye Pheonix Technologies nhengo.
Chii chinonzi UEFI?
IEFI inotsanangurwa inoratidza kuti hardware uye software zvinoshandiswa sei mumakombiyuta. Izwi racho rinosanganisira zvikamu zviviri zvezviitiko izvi zvinonzi boot services uye runtime services. Dhipatimendi rebasa rinotsanangura kuti hardware inotanga sei software kana chirongwa chekushandisa. Runtime services inosanganisira chaizvo kubvisa purogiramu yebhokisi uye kutakura zvikwereti zvakananga kubva kuEFI. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviite zvakangoita sechitsvaga pasi pasi system kuburikidza nekutanga shanduro.
Kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vachidana UEFI kufa kweBIOS, iyo hurongwa haicho kubvisa zvachose BIOS kubva pane hardware. Mashoko okutanga okutanga akashaya chero ipi zvayo yePOST kana kusarudza masarudzo. Somugumisiro, urongwa huri hunodikanwa neBIOS kuitira kuti uwane zvinangwa izvi zviviri. Misiyano ndeyokuti BIOS inenge isingakwanisi kugadziridza imwechete yekugadzirisa sezvinobvira mune zvigadzirwa zveBIOS chete.
Makomborero eEFI
Chimwe chikomborero chikuru cheEFI ndekushayikwa kwehumwe humwe hutsika hwekuvimba. BIOS inonyatsojekesa matongerwo e-x86 akashandiswa muCPs kwemakore. Izvi zvinogona kubvumira kombiyuta yako kushandisa shanduro kubva kune mutengesi akasiyana kana kuti haina nhaka x86 kunyora mairi. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvine zvazvinoreva kumagadzirirwo akaita mahwendefa kana kunyange yeMicrosoft yekupedzisira yakaparadzwa neWindows RT iyo yakashandisa ARM yakagadzirwa purogiramu.
Icho chikuru chinobatsira kuEFI iyo kukwanisa kuisa nyore nyore kuva maitiro akawanda ekushanda pasina chidimbu chebhootloader yakadai seLILO kana GRUB. Pane kudaro, UEFI inogona kusarudza zvakananga kupatsanurana kwakakodzera nehutachiona hwemutambo uye mutoro kubva pairi. Kuti izvi zvigone kuitika kunyange zvakadaro, zvose hardware uye software zvinofanira kunge zvakakosha kutsigira UEFI tsanangudzo. Izvi chaizvoizvo zviripo kare mumakombiyuta eApple anoshandisa Boot Camp kuti ave Mac OS X neWindows load pane imwe kombiyuta.
Pakupedzisira, UEFI ichapa zvakawanda zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwevashandisirano kupfuura zvinyorwa zvekare zveBIOS. Izvi zvingaita kuti kugadziriswa kuhurongwa kuve nyore nyore kumushandi wekupedzisira kuita. Mukuwedzera, iyo inoratidzirwa inogona kubvumira kushandiswa kwakadai sokushandiswa kushandiswa kwebhundaneti kana tsamba yekombiji kukonzerwa nokukurumidza pane kutanga OS yakazara. Iye zvino, mamwe makombiyuta ane ruzivo urwu asi anowanikwa kuburikidza nekugadzira imwe yakasiyana mini yekushandisa iyo inogara mukati meBIOS.
Drawbacks Of UEFI
Nyaya huru kune vatengi vane UEFI inonzi hardware uye sangano rekutsigirwa. Kuti rive rakashanda zvakanaka, hardware uye maitiro ekushanda zvinofanira kusimbisa zvose zvakakodzera. Izvi hazvirevi zvakanyanya neyemaWindows zvino kana Mac OS X ikozvino asi maitiro ekare ekushanda akadai seWindows XP haabatsiri izvi. Dambudziko rechokwadi rinonyanya kuchinja. Pane kudaro, itsva software inoda maEFI mifumo inogona kudzivirira maitiro akare kubva pakuvandudza kuenda kumashure matsva ekushanda.
Vashandi vazhinji vane simba vanopfuura overclock makombiyuta avo vanogonawo kuvhiringidzika. Kuwedzerwa kweEFI kunobvisa zvakawanda zvezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana mukati meBIOS inoshandiswa kuwana zvakanakisa kubva purogiramu nekuyeuka sezvazvinogona. Ichi chaive chinetso chechizvarwa chekutanga cheEFI hardware. Ichokwadi kuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvisingagadziri kuti zvipfekedze zvichange zvisina zvinhu zvakadai semagetsi kana kuwedzera kuchinja asi hardware itsva itsva yakagadzirirwa izvi yakakunda nyaya idzi.
Mhedziso
BIOS yave ichibudirira chaizvo pakushandisa makombiyuta ega kwemazana makumi maviri nemakore apfuura. Yakasvika pane zvakakundikana izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kupfuurira kusika unyanzvi hutsva pasina kuisa mamwe mabasa ekugadzirisa nyaya. UEFI inotarirwa kutora zvakawanda zvebato kubva kuBIOS uye inoiyerera kumushandi wekupedzisira. Izvi zvingaita kuti kombiyuta ive nyore nyore kushandiswa nekugadzira nzvimbo yakawanda yakawanda. Kutanga kwekombiyuta hazvizove pasina matambudziko ayo asi iyo inogona kunge yakanyanya kupfuura iyo inhaka inowanikwa mune imwe kombiyuta yeBIOS.