Zita
gzip, gunzip, zcat - compress kana kuwedzera mafaira
Zvinyorwa
gzip [ -acdfhlLnNrtvV19 ] [ -S suffix ] [ zita ... ]
gunzip [ -acfhlLnNrtvV ] [ -S suffix ] [ zita ... ]
zcat [ -fhLV ] [ zita ... ]
Tsanangudzo
Gzip inoderedza ukuru hweiyo inonzi mafaira achishandisa Lempel-Ziv coding (LZ77). Pose pazvinenge zvichibvira, faira imwe neimwe inotsiviwa nemumwe nekuwedzera .gz , nekuchengetedza unhu humwechete, kupinda nekugadzirisa nguva. (Zvinyorwa zvisingatauri ndezve- gz yeVMS, z ye MSDOS, OS / 2 FAT, Windows NT FAT uye Atari.) Kana pasina mafaira akataurwa, kana kuti zita refaira " output. Gzip ichaedza kuedza kubvisa mafaira nguva dzose. Kunyanya, iyo ichatarisa zvigaro zvekufananidzira.
Kana iyo yakanyanyisa zita refaira yakareba kwenguva refu nokuda kwefaira yayo, gzip inoritora. Gzip anoedza kutora chete zvikamu zvezita refaira kwenguva yakareba kupfuura vatatu. (Chikamu chinogadziriswa nemavara.) Kana zita racho riine zvikamu zviduku chete, zvikamu zvakatokura zvakatorwa. Semuenzaniso, kana mazita emafaira akaderera kumakirini 14, gzip.msdos.exe inomanikidzwa ku gzi.msd.exe.gz. Mazita haatauri pane zvirongwa zvisina muganhu wezita refaira urefu.
Nokusingaperi, gzip inochengetedza zita rekutanga yefaira uye timestamp mukati memafuta akaomeswa. Izvo zvinoshandiswa pakubvisa decompressing faira ne -No sarudzo. Izvi zvinobatsira apo zita rakanyanyisa refaira rakange rakatorwa kana kuti nguva yakadhindwa isina kuchengetwa mushure mekufambiswa kwefaira.
Mafaira akakomberedzwa anogona kudzorerwa kune fomu yavo yekutanga achishandisa gzip -d kana gunzip kana zcat. Kana zita repakutanga rakachengetwa mufaira rakamanikidzwa harina kukodzera faira rayo, zita idzva rakavakwa kubva kune rimwe rokutanga kuti riite mutemo.
gunzip inotora mazita emafaira pamutsetse wayo wekutanga uye inotsiva faira rimwe nerimwe rine zita rinoguma ne .gz, -gz, .z, -z, _z kana .Z uye inotanga nemashoko chaiwo emashiripiti nefaira risingaverengeki kunze kwekuraira kwepakutanga . gunzip inobvumawo kuwedzera kwekuwedzera .tgz uye .taz se shorthands ye .tar.gz uye .tar.Z maererano. Pakugadzirisa, gzip inoshandiswa kuwedzera .tgz kana zvichidikanwa pane kutora faira ne .tar extension.
gunzip inogona kukanganisa mafaira akasika gzip, zip, compress, compress -H kana pack. Kuonekwa kweiyo mafomu ekugadzirisa kunotsvaga. Paunenge uchishandisa maitiro maviri okutanga, gunzip hunongedza 32 bit CRC. Nokuda kwekutakura, gunpoint inotarisa urefu husingaverengeki. Iko inonzi compress format yakanga isati yagadzirirwa kuti ibvumira cheki dzisizvo. Kunyange zvakadaro mabhuzi dzimwe nguva anokwanisa kuona yakaipa .Z file. Kana iwe ukawana kukanganisa kana usingafambisi a .Z faira , usafungidzira kuti .Z faira iri yakarurama nokuti bedzi uncompress haina kunyunyutira. Izvi zvinowanzoreva kuti muganisi uncompress hauongorori maitiro ayo, uye anofara anogadzira marara. The SCO compress -H maitiro (lzh compression method) haisanganisi CRC asiwo inobvumira zvimwe kuongorora.
Mifananidzo yakagadzirwa ne zip ingave isinganzwisisiki ne gzip chete kana iine nhengo imwe chete yakasimbiswa ne 'deflation' nzira. Izvi zvinongorongedzerwa kubatsira kutendeuka kwemafaira eat.zip kune fomu ya tar.gz. Kuti ubudise mafaira e zip pamwe nemapoka akawanda, shandisa unzip pane nzvimbo yepfuti.
zcat yakafanana nepfuti- c. (Pane dzimwe sarudzo, zcat inogona kuiswa segzcat kuchengetedza chigamba chekutanga kukonzera.) Zcat rinonyanya kuisa runyora rwemafaira mumutsetse wemirairo kana kuti inowanikwa mukati uye inonyora data isina kuomerera pane yakabuda. Zcat ichadzikisa mafaira ane magwaro matsva nhamba angave ane a .gz kukwana kana kwete.
Gzip anoshandisa shanduro yeLempel-Ziv inoshandiswa mu zip uye PKZIP. Kuwanda kwekumanikidzwa kunowanikwa kunobva paukuru hwekupa uye kugoverwa kwemajeri substrings. Kazhinji, magwaro akadai sekodhi yekunyora kana Chirungu inoderedzwa ne 60-70%. Kukanganiswa kunowanzova nani kupfuura izvo zvakawanikwa neLZW (sezvakashandiswa mukugadzirisa), Huffman coding (sezvakashandiswa mumutambo), kana kuchinja huffman coding ( compact ).
Kugadzikana kunogara kuchiitwa, kunyange kana faira yakanyanyisa iri duku kudarika yepakutanga. Nyaya yakaipisisa kukura ndeyezvidimbu zvishoma zve musoro we gzip, pamwe ne 5 bytes buri block 32K, kana chiyero chekuwedzera kwe 0.015% yefaira huru. Cherechedza kuti nhamba chaiyo ye diski yakashandiswa yakadzika inenge isingawedzere. gzip inochengetedza maitiro, umiridzi uye timestamps emafaira pazvinokonzera kana kuvhiringanisa.
MASHOKO
-a --ascii
Ascii text mode: shandura kuguma-kwemitsetse uchishandisa magungano emunharaunda. Iyi sarudzo inotsigirwa chete kune dzimwe dzisiri dzisi-Unix. Pamusoro peMSDOS, CR LF inoshandurwa kuLF apo inodzvinyirira, uye LF inoshandurwa kuR CR LF apo decompressing.
-c - kushandura -to-stdout
Nyora zvakabuda pane zvakasikwa; chengeta mafaira ekutanga asina kuchinjwa. Kana pane mafaira akawanda ekupinza, zvakabuda zvinosanganisira kugoverana kwezvimiririra zvinomiririrwa nhengo. Kuti uwane huwandu huri nani, taura zvose mafaira ekupinza usati wadzikamisa.
-d --decompress --uncompress
Decompress.
-f - kushanda
Shandisa kudzvinyirira kana kudzvinyirira kunyange kana faira ine mazano akawanda kana kuti faira yakakodzana ipo iripo, kana kana iyo yakanyanyiswa denga ichiverengwa kubva kana yakanyorerwa kune chitubu. Kana dheta rekushandisa risati riri mumutauro unozivikanwa ne gzip, uye kana sarudzo -kukurumidza kupiwa zvakare, kopota data yekupinza pasina kushanduka kudii yepamusoro: rega zcat zviite semakati. Kana -f isati yapiwa, uye kana isingamhanyi kumashure, gzip inokurudzira kuona kana iripo faira inofanira kunyorwa.
-h -help
Ratidza rubatsiro rwekuyera uye rega.
-l - list
Pamusoro pefaira rega roga, nyora minda inotevera:
kuwedzerwa ukuru: ukuru hwekambomira faira
uncompressed usayizi: kuwanda kwefomu isina kuvharirwa
chiyero: compression ratio (0.0% kana zvisingazivikanwi)
uncompressed_name: zita refaira risina kukonzerwa
Simba risina kukwaniswa rinopiwa se- -1 pane mafaira kwete mu gzip format, zvakadai sekuomanikidzwa .Z faira. Kuti uwane kukosha kusingapindikiwe kwefaira yakadaro, unogona kushandisa:
zcat file.Z | wc -c
Mukubatana ne -verbose sarudzo, minda inotevera inoratidzwawo:
nzira: compression method
crc: 32-bit CRC ye data isina kubvumirwa
Date & time: timu yekutsvaga ye fomu isina kubvumirana
Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvino zvichishandura, compress, lzh (SCO compress -H) uye pack. The crc inopiwa seffffffff yefaira kwete mu gzip format.
Ne --name, zita risina kunyorerwa, zuva uye nguva ndeavo vanochengetwa mukati mefaira re compress kana iripo.
Ne --verbose, zviyero zvehuwandu uye kuenzanisa kwehuwandu hwemafaira ose zvinoratidzwawo, kunze kwekuti humwe hukuru husingazivikanwi. Ne -quiet, zita uye mazita emitambo haisi kuratidzwa.
-L - mapurisa
Ratidza gzip reti uye rega.
-n - zita-zita
Pakugadzirisa, usachengetedze mazita ekutanga yefaira uye nguva yechitema nekutadza. (Zita repakutanga rinoponeswa kana zita racho richifanira kutorwa.) Kana uchinetsa, usadzosera zita rekutanga refaira kana uripo (bvisa chete gzip suffix kubva kune zita rakaderedzwa yefaira) uye usadzosera nguva yekutanga yechitema kana iripo (ikopi iyo kubva kune yakanyanyiswa faira). Iyi sarudzo ndiyo yakashata kana decompressing.
-N - zita
Pakugadzirisa, nguva dzose uchengetedze mazita ekutanga yefaira uye nguva yechemberi; ichi ndicho chakashata. Pa decompressing, dzokerai zita rekutanga refaira uye nguva yechitema kana iripo. Iyi sarudzo inobatsira pane zvishandiso zvine muganhu wezita rehurefu urefu kana kuti nguva yechitema yakarasika mushure mekufambiswa kwefaira.
-q -quiet
Dzinga zvose zvinonyeverwa.
-r --recursive
Fambai mahofisi ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakare. Kana imwe yemazita emafaira akataurwa pamutsetse wemirayiridzo ari mahofisi , gzip ichaburukira mukati mechirongwa uye kuvharidzira mafaira ose anowanikwa ikoko (kana kuti decompress iwo panyaya yepfuti ).
-S .suf --suffix .suf
Shandisa chikwata .suf pane .gz. Chero chinogadzirisa chinogona kupiwa, asi zvigunwe kunze kwe .z uye .gz zvinofanira kudziviswa kuti urege kunetseka apo mafaira anotumirwa kune mamwe maitiro. Nechiratidzo chisina simba chinokonzera kushungurudza kuedza kudzvinyirira pane zvese zvakapiwa mafaira pasinei nechikwata, seku:
gunzip -S "" * (*. * yeMSDOS)
Zvekare shanduro dze gzip dzakashandisa .z chikwata. Izvi zvakashandurwa kuti zvirege kupesana nepakiti (1).
-t - zvakanyanya
Test. Cherechedza zvakanamatira mafaira.
-v - verbose
Verbose. Ratidza zita uye kuderedzwa kwepuropu yefaira rimwe nerimwe rakadzikidzwa kana kuti rakadonhedzwa.
-V --version
Version. Ratidzai nhamba yepurogiramu uye sarudzo dzekuunganidza urege.
- # - tsvimbo
Chengetedza kumhanya kwekumanikidza uchishandisa nhamba yakarongeka # , apo -1 kana- kusinganidza kukurumidza kunyanisa nzira (kusanyanya kudzvinyirira) uye -9 kana -best inoratidza slowest compression method (best compression). Izvo zvisina kukwana kudzvinyirira nhamba ndeye -6 (ndiko kureva, kukanganisa kusvika pakudzvinyirira kwepamusoro pamutengo wekukurumidza).
Kushandiswa kwepamusoro
Mafaira akawandisa akawanda anogona kugariswa. Muchiitiko ichi, pfuti yepfuti ichabvisa nhengo dzose panguva imwe chete. Semuyenzaniso:
gzip-c file1> foo.gz
gzip -c file2 >> foo.gz
Ipapo
gunzip -c foo
zvakaenzana ne
cat file1 file2
Kana pane kukanganisa kune imwe nhengo ye file .gz, dzimwe nhengo dzinogona kugadziriswa (kana iyo yakakuvadzwa ichibviswa). Zvisinei, iwe unogona kuwedzerwa kuwedzera kuburikidza nekugadzirisa nhengo dzose panguva imwe chete:
cat file1 file2 | gzip> foo.gz
kunomesa kunaka kupfuura
gzip-c file1 file2> foo.gz
Kana iwe uchida kubhadhara mafaira akabatwa kuti uwane kuwedzera kwakanyanya, ita:
gzip-cd old.gz | gzip> new.gz
Kana akaomeswa faira inoumba nhengo dzakawanda, usingaverengeki hukuru uye CRC yakarondedzerwa ne--list yako inoshanda kune wekupedzisira nhengo chete. Kana iwe uchida usingaverengeki wehuwandu hwemitezo yese, unogona kushandisa:
gzip-cd file.gz | wc -c
Kana uchida kuumba imwe archive yefaira ine nhengo dzakawanda kuitira kuti nhengo dzigone kubudiswa dzichizvimiririra, shandisa archive yakafanana ne tar kana zip. GNU tar inotsigira -z chisarudzo chekuvhara gzip pachena. gzip yakagadzirirwa seyomubatsiri kune tar , kwete sechinotsiviwa.
ONA DZIMWE
compress (1)
I- gzip file faira inotsanangurwa muP. Deutsch, GZIP mafaira ma format format 4.3,
Zvinonyanya kukosha: Shandisa mutemo wevanhu ( % munhu ) kuti uone kuti murairo unoshandiswa sei pane imwe kombiyuta.