Ndakanga ndichiri kushandisa Linux kwemakore anenge gumi uye izvo zvandinoenda kukuratidza munyaya ino ndeyorodzano yemirairo yeLinux, zvishandiso, zvinyengeri zviduku zvishoma uye dzimwe mirairo inonakidza inofadza iyo ndinoda kuti mumwe munhu andiratidze kubva pakutanga pane kugumbusa pavari sezvandaifamba.
01 ye15
Inobatsira Mutemo Mutsara Keyboard Shortcuts
Tsananguro dzinotevera dze keyboard dzinobatsira zvikuru uye dzichakuchengetedza nguva zhinji:
- CTRL + U - Cutswa zvinyorwa kusvikira pane chitubu.
- CTRL + K - Mutsara unonyorwa kubva pane chinyorwa kusvikira pakuguma kwemutsara
- CTRL + Y - Pastes text
- CTRL + E - Shandisa mutsara kusvika kumugumo wemutsara
- CTRL + A - Shandisa mutsara kusvika pakutanga kwemutsara
- ALT + F - Enda mberi kunzvimbo inotevera
- ALT + B - Dzokera kumashure pane nzvimbo yapfuura
- ALT + Backspace - Bvisa shoko rekare
- CTRL + W - Bvisa shoko shure kwetuti
- Shift + Isa - Gadzira magwaro muchigarire
Izvo chete kuitira kuti mirairo iri pamusoro iite zvakanaka kuona mutsara unotevera wemashoko.
sudo apt-get install programname
Sezvaunogona kuona ndine chiporofita chekukanganisa uye nekuda kwemurairo wekushanda ndinofanira kuchinja "intall" kuti "kuisa".
Chimbofungidzira chirevo chiri pamagumo emutsara. Pane nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzoka kune izwi kushandura kuti uchinje.
Ndaikwanisa kudhinda ALT + B kaviri iyo yaizoisa chitubu munzvimbo inotevera (inodudzwa ne ^ chiratidzo):
sudo apt-get ^ intall programname
Iye zvino unogona kuisa chinyorwa chendaneti uye shandisa 's' mukuisa.
Imwe murairo unobatsira "shift + insert" kunyanya kana uchida kunyora mavara kubva kune browser kusvika kune yekupedzisira.
02 ye15
SUDO !!
Iwe unenge uchindionga zvechokwadi nokuda kwemurairo unotevera kana iwe usati wati waziva kare nokuti kusvikira iwe uchiziva izvi uripo unotuka iwe pese paunopinda mutemo uye mazwi "mvumo yakaramba" inooneka.
- sudo !!
Unoshandisa sei sudo !! Simply. Fungidzira iwe wapinda murairo unotevera:
apt-get install ranger
Mashoko okuti "Chibvumirano chakarambidzwa" chichaonekwa kunze kwekuti iwe unopinda nekodzero dzakakwirira.
sudo !! runomira mutemo wekare sudo. Saka murairo wapfuura iko zvino unova:
sudo apt-get install ranger
Kana iwe usingazivi kuti sudo chii, tanga pano.
03 we15
Kurambidza Kurayira uye Kumhanya Mirayiro MuChechi
Ndakatotora bhuku rinoratidzira nzira yekushandura magetsi mirairo kumashure .
- CTRL + Z - Inoisa purojekiti
- fg - Kudzorera iwe kushanda
Saka chii ichi chinotaura pamusoro?
Fungidzira iwe wakazarura faira mu nano sezvinotevera:
sudo nano abc.txt
Nenguva yekunyora mavara mukati mefaira, iwe unoziva kuti iwe nokukurumidza unoda kuisa imwe murairo mukati mekuguma asi haugoni nokuti wakavhura nano mu foreground mode.
Iwe unogona kufunga kuti iwe chete unosarudza ndeye kuchengetedza faira, siya nano, shandisa murairo uye wozorora zvakare nano.
Zvose zvaunofanirwa kuita ndeye CTRL + Z uye shanduro yepamberi ichasimudza uye iwe uchadzorerwa kumutsara wemirairo. Iwe unogona kumhanya chero murairo waunofarira uye kana wapedza kudzokera kune yako yakambomira purogiramu yekupinda ne "fg" mukati mewindo rekuguma uye kuomesa kudzoka.
Chinhu chinonakidza kuedza ndechokuzarura faira mu nano, pinda mamwe mavara uye pumisa purogiramu. Zvino vhura imwe faira mu nano, inyorera mamwe mavara uye pumisa purogiramu. Kana iwe ikozvino uine "fg" iwe unodzokera kune faira yechipiri yawakavhura mu nano. Kana iwe ukabuda nano uye ukapinda "fg" zvakare unodzokera kune faira yekutanga yawakavhura mukati me nano.
04 we15
Shandisa maitiro kuti Uite Mirairo Mushure mekunge Uchibva kunze kweSSH Session
Iko kuraira kunobatsira chaizvo kana iwe ukashandisa ssh murairo kuti unyore pane imwe mishini.
Saka chii chinonyangadza?
Fungidzira iwe wakagadzirirwa kune imwe kombiyuta kubva kurega uchishandisa ssh uye unoda kumhanya murairo unotora kwenguva yakareba wozobuda mushure ssh asi asiye mutemo unomhanya kunyange iwe usingachagoni uye hapana hunoita kuti iwe uite saizvozvo.
Semuenzaniso, ndinoshandisa Raspberry yangu PI kuti ndidzore kuparidzirwa kwezvinangwa zvekuongorora.
Handina kumbova raRippberry yangu PI yakabatanidzwa pane kuratidzwa uye handina ine keyboard uye mouse yakabatana nayo.
Ndinogara ndichibatanidza neRaspberry PI kuburikidza ne ssh kubva pafoni. Kana ini ndakatanga kutora faira huru paRaspberry PI pasina kushandisa murairo wekuraira ipapo ini ndinozofanira kumirira kuti download kuti ipedze ndisati ndabuda muchikwata cheSSH uye ndisati ndavhara laptop. Kana ndikaita izvozvi ini ndingadai ndisina kushandisa Raspberry PI kuti ibudise faira zvachose.
Kushandisa chero zvese zvandinofanira kuinyora ndekunohup inoteverwa nemurairo sezvinotevera:
nohup wget http://mirror.is.co.za/mirrors/linuxmint.com/iso//stable/17.1/linuxmint-17.1-cinnamon-64bit.iso &
05 of 15
Runing A Linux Command 'AT' Nguva Yakananga
Mutemo we 'nohup' wakanaka kana iwe wakabatana neSSH server uye iwe unoda murairo kuti urambe uchimhanya mushure mokuvhara kunze kwechikamu cheSSH.
Fungidzira iwe unoda kuita mutemo iwoyo pane imwe nzvimbo panguva.
Izvo ' pa ' murairo inokubvumira kuita izvo chete. 'pa' inogona kushandiswa sezvinotevera.
at 10:38 AM Fri
at> cowsay 'hello'
> CTRL + D
Uyu murairo uri pamusoro apa uchaita purogiramu cowsay pa10: 38 mangwanani musi weChishanu manheru.
Izwi rinoreva 'at' rinotevera mushure uye zuva uye nguva yekushanda.
Apo iyo pa> kukurumidza kuoneka, pinda murairo unoda kumhanya panguva yakatarwa.
Iko CTRL + D inokudzosera kumutsetse.
Pane zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvemazuva uye mafashoni uye zvakakodzera kuongorora mapeji evanhu nenzira dzakawanda dzokushandisa 'pa'.
06 of 15
Man Pages
Mapeji evanhu anokupa rondedzero yemirairo inofanirwa kuita uye kushanduka kunogona kushandiswa navo.
Mapeji evanhu ane mutsa pachake. (Ndinofungidzira kuti vakanga vasina kugadzirirwa kutishamisa).
Iwe unokwanisa, zvisinei, ita zvinhu kuitira kuti kushandiswa kwako kwevanhu kunakidze.
kutumira kunze PAGER = yakawanda
Iwe uchada kuisa 'zvizhinji; nokuti izvi zvinoshanda asi paunenge uchiita zvinoita kuti munhu wako mapeji ave akajeka.
Iwe unogona kuderedza upamhi hwepeji yemunhu kune imwe nhamba yemakoroni uchishandisa murairo unotevera:
exporter MANWIDTH = 80
Pakupedzisira, kana iwe une shanduro inowanika iwe unogona kuzarura peji chero ipi zvayo mumusikana wekutsvaga uchishandisa -H shandura sezvinotevera:
munhu -H
Cherechedza izvi zvinoshanda chete kana iwe unofambisa mutsvaga wekugadzirisa mukati me $ BROWSER mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana.
07 we15
Shandisa htop Kuti Uone Uye Shandisa Maitiro
Ndeupi murairo wamunoshandisa iye zvino kuti uwane kuti ndeapi maitiro ari kushanda pamakombiyuta yako? Kutengesa kwangu ndechokuti iwe uri kushandisa ' ps ' uye kuti uri kushandisa shanduko dzakasiyana-siyana kuti uwane zvaunoda.
Isa 'htop'. Icho chokwadi chiri chigadziro chaunoda kuti iwe wakaisa pakutanga.
htop inopa urongwa wezvinhu zvose zvinomhanya mumutara zvakanyanya kufanana nomukuru wefaira muWindows.
Iwe unogona kushandisa musanganiswa webasa dzekushanda kuti uchinje kurongeka kwakadaro uye mbiru dzinoratidzwa. Iwe unogonawo kuuraya nzira kubva mukati me htop.
Kumhanyira htop inongoridza izvo zvinotevera muwindo rekuguma:
htop
08 we15
Shandura Faira Shandisa Shanduro
Kana htop inonyatsobatsira pakugadzirisa zvirongwa zvinoshandisa kuburikidza nemutsetse wemirairo saka ranger inonyanya kukosha yekufambisa faira ye system uchishandisa mutemo wemirairo.
Iwe unogona kunge uchida kuisa ranger kuti ukwanise kuchishandisa asi kana wakangoshandisa iwe unogona kuimhanya nekungoisa zvinotevera mu-terminal:
ranger
Mutemo wewindo firiji ichave yakafanana nedzimwe muteja wefaira asi inoshanda yakasara kuruboshwe panzvimbo yepamusoro kusvika pasi inoreva kuti kana ukashandisa ruzivo rworuboshwe rwunoshandisa nzira yako kukwata sarudzo uye mutsara wekona wekona unoshanda pasi pakurongwa kwefaira .
Zvakakosha kuverenga mapeji emunhu usati washandisa ranger kuitira kuti iwe ugone kushandiswa kune yose keyboard switches inowanikwa.
09 we15
Cancel A Shutdown
Saka iwe wakatanga kuvhara zvichida kuburikidza nemutsetse wemirairo kana kubva ku GUI uye iwe wakaziva kuti iwe chaizvo hauna kuda kuita izvozvo.
- kubviswa-c
Cherechedza kuti kana kubviswa kwave kutotanga saka zvingave zvakanyanyisa kurega kuvhara.
Imwe murairo wekuedza ndeyotevera:
- pkill shutdown
10 pa15
Killing Hung Processes Nzira Yakakosha
Fungidzira iwe uri kushanda chigadziro uye chero chikonzero chipi zvacho, icho chinosungirira.
Iwe unogona kushandisa 'ps -ef' kuwana tsananguro ndokubva yauraya nzira kana iwe ungashandisa 'htop'.
Pane mutemo unokurumidza uye uri nyore iwe waunoda unonzi xkill .
Rongedza zvinyorwa zvinotevera mune imwe sarudzo uye wozorora pahwindo rekushanda iwe waunoda kuuraya.
xkill
Chii chinoitika kunyange kana sarudzo yose ichirembera?
Tora pasi '' alt 'uye' sysrq 'zvitsva pakibhodi yako uye apo ivo vanochengetwa pasi faira zvinotevera zvishoma nezvishoma:
REISUB
Izvi zvichavhura kombiyuta yako pasina kutora bhatani remasimba.
11 pa15
Download Youtube Videos
Kazhinji kutaura, vazhinji vedu tinofara zvikuru ne Youtube kuti tiwane mavhidhiyo uye tinovatarisa nokuvabudisa kuburikidza nemusarudzo wedu wevenhau.
Kana iwe uchiziva kuti iwe uchange usina kukanganiswa kwekanguva (kureva nekuda kwekufamba rwendege kana kufamba pakati pekumaodzanyemba kweScotland uye kuchamhembe kweEngland) ipapo unogona kuda kutora mavhidhiyo mashomanana pecheni chekutya uye kuvatarisa pane yako kusununguka.
Zvose zvaunofanirwa kuita ndeyekuisa youtube-dl kubva kumapakiti ako.
Unogona kushandisa youtube-dl sezvizvi:
youtube-dl url-to-video
Iwe unogona kuwana URL kune chero mavhidhiyo paIndaneti kuburikidza nekugovana share pachirongwa chevhidhiyo. Kungoshandisa ikokubatanidza uye kuisungira mumutsetse wemirairo (uchishandisa shanduko + inonyorera tsananguro).
12 pa15
Dhaunirodha Files Kubva paIndaneti Wget
Mutemo wget unoita kuti zvikwanise kuti iwe utore mafaira kubva pawebhu uchishanda.
Izwi rechirevo rinotevera:
wget nzira / kune / filename
Semuyenzaniso:
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/antix-linux/files/Final/MX-krete/antiX-15-V_386-full.iso/download
Pane nhamba huru yekushandura iyo inogona kushandiswa ne wget yakadai se -O iyo inokubvumira kubudisa filename kune zita idzva.
Mumuenzaniso wepamusoro ndakabhadhara AntiX Linux kubva kune Sourceforge. Izwi re filen antiX-15-V_386-full.iso rakanyanya kureba. Zvingava zvakanaka kuidya iyo se antix15.iso chete. Kuita izvi zvinoshandisa murairo unotevera:
wget -O antix.iso http://sourceforge.net/projects/antix-linux/files/Final/MX-krete/antiX-15-V_386-full.iso/download
Kukanda faira imwe chete hakuratidzi kunokosha, iwe unogona nyore nyore kungoenda kune peji yewebhu uchishandisa musikana uye chenganisa kuyanana.
Kana zvakadaro, iwe unoda kutora mafaira gumi uye unokwanisa kuwedzera hukama kune imwe yefaira yekutumira uye kushandisa wget kubudisa mafaira kubva kunezvibatanidza zvichakurumidza kukurumidza.
Shandisa zviri nyore i -i shandura sezvinotevera:
wget -i / nzira / kune / importfile
Nokuda kwekunge wget shanyira http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/.
13 pa15
Steam Locomotive
Icho hachisi chinhu chakakosha sechinhu chinonakidza.
Dhaira motokari mumwindo wako wekugadzirisa uchishandisa murairo unotevera:
sl
14 pa15
Tora Your Fortune Told
Imwe iyo isinganyanyi kukosha asi kungofadza chete ndiyo murairo wenheyo.
Kufanana nemurairo weSL, iwe unogona kuisa kuitora kubva pane yako repository kutanga.
Zvadaro tevedzera zvinyorwa izvi kuti uwane mari yako
fortune
15 pa15
Wana Cow Kuudza Yako Fortune
Pakupedzisira tora mhou kuti ikuudze pfuma yako uchishandisa cowsay.
Nyora zvinotevera mumutara wako:
fortune | cowsay
Kana uine desktop inoshandiswa iwe unogona kushandisa xcowsay kuwana cow cartoon kuratidza yako fortune:
fortune | xcowsay
cowsay uye xcowsay inogona kushandiswa kuratidza chero mharidzo. Semuenzaniso kuratidza "Hello World" ingoshandisa murairo unotevera:
cowsay "hello nyika"