Kuchengetedza kunokosha kune vashandi vekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko vanotsvaka kuchengetedza gigabytes avo emabhizimisi ezvakakosha kubva kumeso anotarira evasiri kunze uye avo vari kuedza kudarika simba ravo. Zvose zvehutano hwehutano hwehutano hunotipa humwe nzira dzakachengeteka dzekuchengeteka dzakagadzirirwa kuderedza zvingangoitika izvi. Zvinotarisana nekuchengetedzwa kwepazwi kushandiswa kwakawanikwa na Microsoft Access kumushandisi akaoma / shanduro yebasa inotsigirwa nehupfumi hwemashoko akadai seOracle uye Microsoft SQL Server. Ichi chinyorwa chinonyanya kutaura nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu zvinowanikwa kune dzose dzinotsanangurwa dzinoshandisa iyo Structured Query Language (kana SQL ). Tose pamwe chete, tichafamba nenzira yekusimudzira dambudziko rekuwana ruzivo uye nekuchengetedza kuchengetedza kwemashoko ako.
Vashandi
Server-based databases yose inotsigira pfungwa yemufananidzo yakafanana neyo inoshandiswa mumakombiyuta ekushanda. Kana iwe uchiziva nehutungamiri hwebasa / boka rawanikwa muMicrosoft Windows NT uye Windows 2000, uchaona kuti mashandisi / masangano akatsigirwa neSQL Server neOracle zvakafanana.
Inonyatsokurudzirwa kuti iwe ugadzire munhu mumwechete wekodhadhi yevashandi dzekodhi kumunhu mumwe nomumwe uyo achange achiwana dhesi yako. Zvinonyatsobvira kugovana zvikwereti pakati pevashandi kana kungoshandisa imwe keseti yevashandisi kune imwe neimwe yevashandisi inoda kusvika kune dhesi yako, asi ndinonyatsodzivisa tsika iyi nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Chokutanga, ichagumisa munhu oga-kana munhu anoshandisa shanduko ku database yako (ngatiti kana achizvipa $ 5,000), haungakwanisi kuitsvaga kune mumwe munhu kuburikidza nekushandisa magwaro ekuongorora. Uyezve, kana mumwe munhu anoshandisa sangano rako uye iwe uchida kubvisa kuwana kwake kubva kune dhesi, unomanikidzwa kuchinja password iyo vese vashandisi vanovimba nayo.
Nzira dzekugadzira masaiti evhidhiyo dzinosiyana kubva pachikwata kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo uye iwe unofanirwa kutaurirana DBMS yako-mahwendefa ehuwandu hwezvinoitika. Vashandi veMicrosoft SQL Server vanofanira kufungisisa kushandiswa kwemutambo we sp_adduser. Oracle database vatungamiri vachawana mutemo we CREATE USER. Iwewo unogona kutsvaga kutsvakurudza mamwe maitiro ekutendesa. Somuenzaniso, Microsoft SQL Server inotsigira kushandiswa kweWindows NT Integrated Security. Pasi pegadziriro iyi, vashandisi vanozivikanwa kune database kuburikidza neWindows NT user accounts uye havakwanisi kuisa imwe yeIndaneti yevashandisi uye password kuti uwane database. Iyi nzira inonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevashandi vekuchengetedzwa kwemashoko nokuti inoshandura mutoro wekuchengetedza kwekambani kumatare ehurumende vanotarisira uye inopa kusununguka kwechiratidzo chimwe chete kumushandi wekupedzisira.
Basa
Kana iwe uri munharaunda ine nhamba shomanana yevashandisi, zvimwe uchaona kuti kugadzira makambisi evashandisi uye kupa zvibvumirano zvakananga kwavari zvakakwana kune zvaunoda. Zvisinei, kana uine nhamba yakawanda yevashandisi, iwe ungangodaro uchinetseka nemutoro wekuchengetedza maakaiti uye mvumo yakakodzera. Kuti udzikise mutoro uyu, nhoroondo dzehukama dzinotsigira pfungwa yebasa. Dhiyabhorosi basa rinoshanda zvakafanana kumapoka eWindows NT. Nhoroondo dzevashandi dzakapiwa basa (s) uye zvibvumirano zvino inopiwa basa iro rose zvakakwana panzvimbo yevashandisi vemunhu wese. Semuenzaniso, tinogona kuumba basa reDBA uye wobva wawedzera mavoti evashandi vehutungamiri vedu kuita basa iri. Kana tangoita izvi, tinogona kupa mvumo chaiyo kune vose varipo (uye munguva yemberi) vatungamiriri nekupa mvumo kune iyo basa. Kamwe zvakare, nzira dzekusika dhiyabhorosi dzinosiyana kubva padhipatimendi kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo. MS SQL Server vatungamiri vanofanira kufungisisa nzira yekuchengetedzwa sp_addrole apo Oracle DBAs inofanira kushandisa izwi re CREATE ROLE.
Kupa Mvumo
Iye zvino zvatakawedzera vashandisi ku database yedu, inguva yekutanga kusimbisa kuchengetedzwa nekuwedzera mvumo. Nhanho yedu yekutanga ichave yekupa zvibvumirano zvakakodzera zvepa database kune vashandisi vedu. Tichaita izvi kuburikidza nokushandiswa kweSQL GRANT statement.
Heino mutsara wemashoko:
GRANT
[ON ]
KU
[NOKUDZIDZA KWAKASIMBA]
Iye zvino, ngatitarisei iyi nheyo line-ne-line. Mutsara wokutanga, GRANT , inotibvumira kutsanangura mahwendefa etafura chaiwo atinopa. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri meshara-yepamusoro mvumo (zvakadai seSET, INSERT, UPDATE uye DELETE) kana zvibvumirano zvepa database (zvakadai se CREATE TABLE, ALTER DATABASE uye GRANT). Zvinopfuura mvumo imwe chete inogona kupiwa mushoko rimwe chete re GRANT, asi mvumo-yepamusoro-mvumo uye zvibvumirano zvepamusoro-deta zvingave zvisingabatanidzwi mune rimwe chirevo.
Mutsara wechipiri, ON
, inoshandiswa kurondedzera tafura yakagadzirirwa yemvumo yezinga retafura. Uyu mutsara haubvumirwi kana tiri kupa zvibvumirano zvepamusoro-chepamusoro. Mutsara wechitatu unotsanangura mushandisi kana basa rapihwa mvumo.
Pakupedzisira, mutsara wechina, NEZVIMWE ZVAKANAKA, zvinosarudzwa. Kana iyi mutsara inowanikwa mumatauriro, mushandisi akabatanidzwa anobvumirwawo kupa mvumo iyi kune vamwe vashandisi. Cherechedza kuti CHINHU CHOKUDZISA hachikwanisi kutsanangurwa apo zvibvumirano zvakapiwa basa.
Mienzaniso
Ngatitarisei mumienzaniso mishomanana. Muchiitiko chedu chekutanga, takangobva kuunganidza boka re 42 inoshandisa vashandisi vekutsvaga iyo ichawedzera nekuchengetedza zvinyorwa zvevatengi. Vanofanira kukwanisa kuwana ruzivo muTerenda yevatengi, shandura ruzivo urwu uye kuwedzera zvinyorwa zvitsva patafura. Havafanire kukwanisa kubvisa zvachose rekodi kubva kune database. Kutanga, isu tinofanira kugadzira vashandisi vashandisi kune mumwe mutengesi uye wozowedzera kwavari kune imwe nhengo itsva, DataEntry. Zvadaro, tinofanira kushandisa sarudzo inotevera yeSQL kuti tivape mvumo yakakodzera:
GADZA KUTAURA, INSERT, UPDATE
ON Vateereri
TO DataEntry
Uye ndizvo zvose zviripo kune iyo! Iye zvino ngatimboongororai nyaya apo patinogovera zvibvumirano zvepamusoro-dhamusi. Tinoda kubvumira nhengo dzeDBA basa kuti tiwedzere matafura matsva ku database yedu. Uyezve, tinoda kuti vakwanise kupa vamwe vashandi mvumo yekuita zvakafanana. Heino nheyo yeSQL:
GRANT BAKA TABLE
KUDBA
NOKUDZIDZA KUNYANYA
Cherechedza kuti takabatanidza NOKUTSANYA Mutsara weVANHU kuti tione kuti DBA dzedu dzinogona kupa iyi mvumo kune vamwe vashandisi.
Kubvisa Mvumo
Kana tangotipa zvibvumirano, zvinowanzoratidza kuti zvakafanira kuvadzosa pane imwe nguva. Nenzira yakanaka, SQL inotipa isu murairo REVOKE kubvisa zvibvumirano zvakapiwa kare. Heino chirevo:
Dzokorora [BASA ROKUDZISA]
ON
KUBVA
Iwe uchacherechedza kuti chirevo chemurairo uyu chakafanana nechomurairo WOKUTANGA. Misiyano chete ndeyokuti NOKUDZIDZA KUNYANYA kunotsanangurwa pane REVOKE mutsara wemirairo panzvimbo pane kumagumo komurairo. Semuenzaniso, ngatifungei tinoda kudzorera Maria mvumo yekare yaibvumirwa kubvisa zvinyorwa kubva kune dheedheni dzeVatengi. Tinoshandisa murairo unotevera:
Dzokorora
ON Vateereri
KUBVA KUMAMBO Mariya
Uye ndizvo zvose zviripo kune iyo! Pane imwe nzira inotsigirwa neMicrosoft SQL Server iyo inofanirwa kutaurwa-murairo DENY. Uyu murairo unogona kushandiswa kurega pachena chibvumirano kumushandi uyo angangodaro ave nacho kuburikidza nehutano hwehutano kana huchauya. Heino chirevo:
YOSE
ON
KU
Mienzaniso
Kudzokera kumuenzaniso wedu wekare, ngatitii Maria aivewo nhengo yebasa reMutariri iro raivewo nekugona kune tafura yevatengi. Dare rekare re REVOKE haringakwanisi kumuramba kusvika kune tafura. Icho chibvisa mvumo yakapiwa kwaari kuburikidza neshoko re GRANT rinotarisira akaunti yake yevashandi, asi haringabatsiri zvibvumirano zvakawanikwa kuburikidza nehutano hwake mubasa reVatariri. Zvisinei, kana tikashandisa chirevo cheDENY ichadzivirira nhaka yake yemvumo. Heanoi murairo:
DONESA
ON Vateereri
KUA Mariya
Mutemo weDENY unonyanya kusimbisa "mvumo isina kunaka" mu database yekuwana mauto. Kana tikasarudza kupa Mariya chibvumirano chokubvisa mitsetse kubva pafurafura yevatengi, hatigoni kungoshandisa mutemo weGORANT. Murairo iwoyo waizove wakanyongedzwa neDENY iripo. Pane kudaro, isu tingatanga tishandise murairo REVOKE kubvisa mukana wekupinda mvumo sezvinotevera:
Dzokorora
ON Vateereri
KUBVA KUMAMBO Mariya
Iwe uchacherechedza kuti murairo uyu wakangofanana neaya waishandiswa kubvisa mvumo yakanaka. Yeuka kuti DENY uye GRANT anoraira vose vanoita nenzira yakafanana * mdash; ivo vari vaviri vanoita zvivako (zvakanaka kana zvakaipa) mu database yekugona kugadzirisa maitiro. Mutemo REVOKE unobvisa zvose zvibvumirano zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka zvemushandisi akataurwa. Pane imwe nguva murairo uyu wakabudiswa, Maria achakwanisa kubvisa mitsetse kubva patafura kana ari nhengo yebasa iro rine mvumo. Zvimwe, mutemo we GRANT unogona kubudiswa kuti upe MUTSVIRIRE mvumo yakananga kuakaunti yake.
Mukati yese yechinyorwa ichi, wakadzidza chimwe chinhu pamusoro pekuwana nzira yekugadzirisa nzira dzakatsigirwa neStudio Query Mutauro. Iri sumo rinofanira kukupa iwe maitiro akanaka ekutanga, asi ndinokukurudzira kuti utaure zvinyorwa zvako zveDBMS kuti udzidze hutano hwakasimbiswa hunochengetedzwa nehurongwa hwako. Uchaona kuti dzakawanda zvemashoko anotsigira zvakanyanya kufambisa mano ekugadzirisa zvirongwa, zvakadai sokupa zvibvumirano pamamwe mapuranga.