"Inyanzvi yekugadzirira" ndiyo izwi rakashandiswa kureva marudzi mazhinji ezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa kubatsira vanhu vakuru nevana vane urema muupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Inyanzvi yekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvemishonga haifaniri kuva teknolojia yakakwirira. Tekisheni yekugadzirisa zvigadziro inogona kuva chimwe chinhu chisingashandisi zvakawanda "teknolojia" zvachose. Peni uye pepa inogona kushanda seimwe nzira yekukurukurirana kune mumwe munhu anotambudzika kutaura. Kune rumwe rutivi rwomutambo, teknolojia yekubatsira inogona kusanganisira zvigadzirwa zvakaoma zvikuru, zvakadai sekuongororwa kwedzidzo uye zvinoputika. Ichi chinyorwa chinotarisirwa senheyo yekutanga yekugadzirwa kwekombiki yehutano kune vanhu vasina hutachiona, saka hatisi kuvhara marudzi ose ekugadzirwa kwekombiyuta inoshandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu ose.
Chigadzirwa Chenyika Yose
Zvose zvakagadziriswa ndiyo pfungwa yekuvaka zvinhu zvinobatsira uye kufanirwa kune avo vane uye vasina hurema. Nzvimbo dzeIndaneti, nzvimbo dzepaguru, uye mafoni zvese zvinogona kusikwa nezvose zvakasikwa mazano mumusoro. Chimiro chekugadzirwa kwenyika yose chinogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzemugwagwa. Ramps dzinodonhedzwa mumakumbo pawendo rwepamusoro kuti vanhu vose vafambe uye avo vari kushandisa gumbo rechirema vanoyambuka. Famba zviratidzo zvinowanzoshandisa mheremhere kuwedzera kune zviratidzo zvinoratidzika kuitira vanhu vane zvirwere zvekuona vanoziva kana zvakachengeteka kupfuura. Zvisikwa zvose zvinongobatsira vanhu vane hurema. Crosswalk ramps inobatsira mhuri kusundira vanofamba-famba kana vafambi vachikwevera magareti.
Matambudziko Ekutarisa uye Kuremara Kwepachipiri
Kuora mwoyo kunowanzoonekwa kwakanyanya. Ichokwadi, mamiriyoni gumi nemaviri veAmerica vanoona kuora kwekuona pane imwe nguva, kunyange zvazvo vanhu vakawanda vanoda kungofanirwa kwekambani yekugadzira magirazi emaziso. Mamiriyoni matatu eMamerica ane matambudziko anooneka asingagoni kugadziriswa magirazi. Kune vamwe vanhu, haisi nyaya yehupenyu hwenyama nemaziso avo. Kudzidza kusiyana kwakaita dyslexia kunogona kuita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuverenga zvakanyorwa. Makombiyuta uye mafoni emafoni semafoni uye mapiritsi akapa nhamba inokura yezvigadziriswa zvitsva zvekubatsira nezvose zvinoratidzika zvinooneka uye kuporesa kuporesa.
Screen Readers
Vaverengi vemaziso ((sezvazvinonzwika) mapurogiramu kana mapurogiramu anoverenga zvakare mashoko ari pachikona, kazhinji ane inzwi rekombiyuta. Vamwe vanhu vasina kujeka vanoshandisawo kuratidzwa kwebraille , iyo inoshandura pakombiyuta (kana terefesi) chinyorwa muchiverengero chinyararire cheBraille. Hapana vaverengi vekrini kana zviratidzo zvebraille ndezvercea. Mawebhusayithi uye mapurogiramu anofanira kuitwa nekugara kwepfungwa kuitira kuti averenge zvakanaka muvheji vemavara uye mamwe maonesheni.
Izvo zvose Android uye iOS mafoni uye mahwendefa akazvipira mune vadzidzisi vekrini. Pane iOS iyi inonzi VoiceOver , uye paIndaneti, inonzi TalkBack . Iwe unogona kusvika zvose zviri zviviri kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwezvigadziriro pane zvese zvakagadzirwa. (Kana uchiedza kuita izvi zvichibva mukuda kuziva, zvinogona kutora miedzo yakawanda kuti igadzirise.) The Kindle Fire's built in in screen reader inonzi Explore by Touch.
Mafoni uye mahwendefa ane touchscreens angaratidzika sechisarudzo chakanaka kune avo vasina kuona, asi vanhu vazhinji vanozviwana zviri nyore kushandisa nezvirongwa zvekugara zvakagadzirirwa. Kazhinji, unogona kuisa chinyorwa chekumba pane zvose iOS neIroid kuti uwane nhamba yakatarisa yezvikwereti panzvimbo dzakasarudzwa pahwindo. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti iwe unogona kudonha munwe wako panzvimbo yakarurama yekrini kunze kwekuti uone chiratidzo. Apo Hurukuro kana VoiceOver inobvumira, kubata pachikwangwani kuchaumba nzvimbo yekutarisa yakakomberedza chinhu chawakapinza (izvi zvinoratidzwa mune rumwe ruvara rwakasiyana). Nhare yefoni kana tablet yekombiyuta inogona kuverenga zvakare zvawakatora "OK button" uye iwe unogona kuitora zvakare kuti usimbise sarudzo yako kana kuti enda kune imwe nzvimbo kuti uisatse.
Kune pakombiyuta uye makombiyuta makombiyuta, pane pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvevadzidzi vekrini. Apple yakagadzira VoiceOver mumakombiyuta avo ose, iyo inogonawo kubudiswa kuratidzwa kwe braille. Iwe unogona kuishandura kuburikidza neChitsvaga yemenyu kana kuigadzirisa uye kuvhara nekudhinda mutemo-F5. Kusiyana nefoni TalkBack ne VoiceOver, zviri chaizvo zviri nyore kuti zvibatsire uye kudzivisa izvi. Zvinyorwa zvekare zveWindows zvinopawo zvakagadziriswa mune zvinyorwa kuburikidza neNyeredzeri, kunyange zvazvo vashandisi vakawanda veWindows vanosarudza kuwedzera purogiramu yakawanda yekuverenga screen software yakadai seNVDA (onVisual Desktop Access) yakasununguka uye yakakurumbira asi inodhura JAWS (Job Access With Speech) kubva paRusununguko Scientific.
Vashandi ve Linux vanogona kushandisa ORCA kuverenga kuverenga kana BRLTTY kwekuratidzira kwebraille.
Vaverengi vemaziso vanowanzoshandiswa mukubatanidza zvidzitiro zvebhodibhokisi panzvimbo pane mutsara.
Inzwi Rinotaurira uye Dictation
Inzwi remirairo ndiyo muenzaniso wakanaka wekugadzirwa kwenyika yose, sezvo inogona kushandiswa nemunhu wese anokwanisa kutaura zvakajeka. Vashandi vanogona kuwana mirairo yezwi pane dzose dzeMac, Windows, Android, uye iOS. Nokuda kwenguva refu, pane zvakare Dragon jozi kutaura recognition software.
Kuwedzerwa uye Kusiyanisa
Vanhu vazhinji vane kuora kwekuona vanogona kuona asi kwete zvakakwana zvakakwana kuti verenga zvinyorwa kana kuona zvinhu pane imwe pakombiyuta. Izvi zvinogonawo kuitika kwatiri isu patinenge takura uye meso edu achichinja. Kubwinya uye kusiyana kwemavara kunobatsira nezvo. Vashandi vepa Apple vanowanzovimba neMacos accessibility features uye zvidzitiro zvebhokisi zvekutsvaira kune zvikamu zvekona, asi vashandisi veWindows vanosarudza kuisa ZoomText. Iwe unogonawo kupatsanurudza zvigadziriswa zvekushandura kwako kuti uwedzere zvinyorwa pa Chrome, Firefox, Microsoft Edge, uye Safari kana kuisa matanho akawanikidzwa ekuwanika kwekutsvaga kwako.
Mukuwedzera (kana kuti pane) kuwedzera chirevo chacho, vamwe vanhu vanozviona zvichibatsira kubatsira kuwedzera kusiyana, kuvhara mavara, kuisa zvinhu zvose mumatombo, kana kuwedzera ukuru hwetsva. Apple inopawo sarudzo yekuita kuti mutsara mukuru iwedzere kana iwe "uchizunungusa" iyo, zvinoreva kuti iwe wave wave rinoratidzika shure uye mberi.
Android uye iOS mafoni anogonawo kukurudzira mavara kana kuchinja kuratidzika kwekuratidzira, kunyange izvi zvingave zvisina kushanda zvakanaka nemamwe mapurogiramu.
Kune vamwe vanhu vane urema hwekuparidzira, e-vaverengi vanogona kuita kuti kuverenga kuve nyore kana kuwedzera mavara kukutaura kana nekuchinja kuonekwa.
Audio Zvinotsanangurwa
Haisi vhidhiyo yose inovapa, asi mamwe mavhidhiyo anopa tsanangudzo dzehurukuro, iyo izwiovers inotsanangura chiito chiri kuitika muvhidhiyo yevanhu vasingagoni kuiona. Izvi zvakasiyana nemashoko ekunyorwa, ayo ari mazwi ekunyorwa kwemashoko ari kutaurwa.
Cars Self Self Driving
Iyi haisi teknolojia inowanika kune munhu akawandisa mazuva ano, asi Google inenge ichiedza kuedza kuzvidzora motokari nevashambadzi vasati vafambidzana.
Kunzwa Matambudziko
Kunzwa kurasikirwa kwakazara zvikuru. Kunyangwe vazhinji vanonzwa vanhu vanofunga kufunga kusarasikirwa kwekunzwa kwekunzwa se "zvakaoma kunzwa" uye kurasikirwa kwakakwana kwekunzwa se "matsi," iyo tsanangudzo yakawanda fuzzier. Vanhu vazhinji vanoona seve matsi vachiri nehuwandu hwekunzwa (zvinogona kunge zvisingakwanisi kunzwisisa mutauro). Ichi ndicho chikonzero kukurudzira kunowanzoita shanduro yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu (zvikuruizvo chii chinobatsira kunzwa.)
Foni Kushandisa uye Kunzwa Kurasika
Nhare yekutaurirana pakati pematsi uye munhu anonzwa zvinogona kuitwa muU.S. kuburikidza neshumiro inoshandiswa. Nzira dzekudzorera dzinowanzowedzera muturikiri wevanhu pakati pevanhu vaviri muhurukuro. Imwe nzira inoshandisa magwaro (TTY) uye imwe inoshandisa kushanyira video uye mutauro wemasaini. Chero mamiriro ose ezvinhu, mushanduri wevanhu angave ari kuverenga mashoko kubva pamushini weTTY kana kushandura mutauro wemasaini kuti ataure Chirungu kuitira kuti adzokere kutaura kune munhu anonzwa pafoni. Iyi inzira inononoka uye yakaoma iyo inosanganisira zvakawanda zvekare uye zvichida uye inoda mumatambudziko mazhinji kuti mumwe munhu anoziva kukurukurirana. Zvimwe ndeye mutauro weTTY unoshandisa mutauro wokuzivikanwa semutauro semurevereri.
Kana vose vashandisi vane tTY device, iyo hurukuro inogona kuitika zvachose mumanyorero pasina mutoririri zvakare. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvishandiso zveTTY zvakatangira kare kutumira mameseji uye kutumira mameseji mapurogiramu uye kutambura zvimwe zvikanganiso, zvakadai sekukwaniswa kune rimwe chete re-all-caps text pasina pfupa. Kunyange zvakadaro, ivo vachiri kukosha kune vanotumidzirwa nhaurirano, sezvinoita munhu matsi angaita foni yeTTY pasina kumira basa rinotumira zvakare kushandura ruzivo rwekukurumidza shure uye mberi.
Zvinyorwa
Mavhidhiyo anogona kushandisa mashoko ekutaura kuti ataure hurukuro yakataurwa achishandisa mashoko. Vhura zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa zvachose sechikamu chevhidhiyo uye haigoni kutamiswa kana kuchinjwa. Vanhu vakawanda vanofarira zvinyorwa zvakavharwa , zvinogona kuvharwa kana kudzimwa uye kuchinjwa. Somuenzaniso, paIndaneti, unogona kudhonza uye kudonhedzera zvinyorwa zvakavharwa kune imwe nzvimbo pahwindo kana zvinyorwa zvichitadzisa kuona kwako kwechiito. (Endai mberi uye muedze). Iwe unogonawo kuchinja iyo faira uye kusiyanisa zvinyorwa.
- Enda kumavhidhiyo eVideo nevheti dzakapfigwa.
- Dzvanya paZvirevo
- Dzvanya ku Subtitles / CC
- Kubva pano iwe unogonawo kusarudza auto-translate, asi isu tisingateereri izvo zvino, tora pane Zvimwe
- Iwe unogona kuchinja zvirongwa zvakawanda zvinosanganisira mhuri yepafaira, mashizha emutauro, ruvara rwemavara, font opacity, ruvara rwemashure, ruvara rwemucheto, ruvara rwemahwindo uye opacity, uye unhu hwomukati.
- Iwe unogona kudika kupona kuti uone zvose zvasarudzo.
- Iwe unokwanisa kudzorerazve kutadza kubva mumenyu iyi zvakare.
Inenge dzose mavhidhiyo mavhidhiyo anobatsira zvinyorwa zvakavharwa, asi kuitira kuti magwaro akavharwa ashande zvakanaka, mumwe munhu anofanira kuwedzera mashoko akanyorwa. YouTube iri kuedza nekushandura kwemashandisi uchishandisa teknolojia yezwi-detecting yakafanana iyo inopa mirairo yeGoogle Now izwi, asi mhinduro haisi nguva dzose inonakidza kana iyo yakarurama.
Kutaura
Kune avo vasingakwanisi kutaura, pane huwandu hwemashoko ekugadzira mazwi uye teknolojia yekubatsira iyo inoshandura zviratidzo pakuiswa. Stephen Hawking angave muenzaniso wakakurumbira wemumwe munhu anoshandisa teknolojia yekubatsira kutaura.
Mamwe maitiro ekutengeswa uye kushandiswa kwekukurukurirana (AAC) kunogona kusanganisira mikana yezvigadzirwa zvemhando dzakadai semasipiriti emarara uye mapurisa ekukurukurirana (sezvinoonekwa paTV yekutaura Hurukuro), maikirwo akazvitsaurira, kana mapurogiramu akaita seProloquo2Go.