Iwe unogona kunge usingazvizivi asi iwe unoshandisa shanduro yekushandisa software anenge mazuva ose
Open source software (OSS) software iyo iyo code code inotaridzika uye inochinja kuvanhu, kana kuti "kuzarura". Apo kodhi yekodhi isingaoneki uye inogona kuchinjwa nehuruzhinji, inonzi "yakavharwa" kana "chivako".
Purogiramu yechepa ndiyo mushure me-the-scenes programming chikamu che software iyo vashandisi havawanzovatarisa. Purogiramu yeNzvimbo inobudisa mirayiridzo yekuti software yacho inoshanda sei uye kuti zvese zvakasiyana-siyana zve software zvinoshanda.
Kubatsira Kwavanoita Vanobatsirwa neOSS
OSS inobvumira vateereri kuti vashandise pakuvandudza software kuburikidza nekuwana nekugadzirisa zvikanganiso mu-code (bug fixes), kuvandudza software kuti ishande nehutaneti hutsva, nekusika zvinhu zvitsva. Iboka rinobatirana nenzira yekuzarura michina inobatsira vanoshandisa software yacho nokuti zvikanganiso zvakagadziriswa nekukurumidza, zvitsva zvinowanikwa uye zvakabudiswa kakawanda, software iri yakanyatsogadzikana nevanowedzera purogiramu kutsvaga zvikanganiso mumutsetse, uye mishumo yekuchengetedzwa inoshandiswa nekukurumidza kudarika vazhinji vepuraneti mapurogiramu epurogiramu.
Nyaya yeOSS inoshandisa imwe shanduro kana kuchinja kweGNU General Public License (GNU GPL kana GPL). Nzira yakajeka yekufunga yeGPL yakafanana nemufananidzo uri munharaunda yevanhu. GPL uye ruzivo rwevanhu vose vanobvumira ani zvake kuti agadzire, avandudze, uye agadzirisezve chimwe chinhu zvisinei nezvavanoda. GPL inopa mapurogiramu nevashandisi mvumo yekuwana nekushandura kodhi yekodhi, asi ruzivo rwevanhu runopa vashandi mvumo yekushandisa nekugadzirisa mufananidzo. Iyo GNU chikamu cheGNU GPL inoreva chirenda yakasikwa yeGNU yokushanda, hurongwa hwekushanda / husina kushanda hwakanga huri uye hunoenderera mberi huri basa rinokosha mukushandiswa kwekombiki yekombiyuta.
Imwe bhonasi yevashandisi ndeyekuti OSS inowanzosununguka, zvisinei, pangangodaro kune mari yekuwedzera, zvakadai sokutsigirwa kwekambani, kune mamwe mapurogiramu epurogiramu.
Kwakave Ipi Chipo Chakatseuka Chakabva?
Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa yekubatana kwekodhidhi yekodhi yakabva muna 1950-1960s academia, nemakore ekuma1970 nema1980, nyaya dzakadai semakakatanwa epamutemo zvakaita kuti kubatana kwakasununguka nzira yekodhidhi yekodhi yekurasikirwa nevhu. Proprietary software yakatora mushamba we software kusvikira Richard Stallman atanga Free Software Foundation (FSF) muna 1985, achiunza software yakasununguka kana yakasununguka kudzokera mberi. Izwi re "free software" rinoreva rusununguko, kwete mari. Isocial movement mushure mekushanda software inochengetedza kuti software vashandisi vanofanira kunge vane rusununguko rwekuona, kuchinja, kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa, kugadzirisa, uye kuwedzera pamutsetse wekodha kuti vawane zvido zvavo, uye kuti vabvumirwe kuparadzira kana kugovana nayo pachena nevamwe.
FSF yakaratidza basa rinoita musununguka uye rakasununguka purogiramu software pamwe neGNU Project yavo. GNU ihurumende yekushanda (yakagadzirirwa mapurogiramu uye zvishandiso zvinorayira chigadzirwa kana kombiyuta kuti ingashandise sei), inowanzobudiswa necheti yezvishandiso, mabhuku, uye zvikumbiro izvo pamwe pamwe zvinogona kutaurwa sechirongwa kana kuparadzirwa. GNU inotarisana nepurogiramu inonzi kernel, iyo inotarisira zvakasiyana-siyana zvekombiyuta kana chigadzirwa, kusanganisira kushanyira kumashure nekubuda pakati pekushanda kweprojekti uye hardware. Kernel inonyanya kuwirirana neGNU ndiyo Linux kernel, yakasikwa naLinus Torvalds. Izvi zvinoshandiswa pakombiyuta uye kernel pairing pane inonzi inonzi GNU / Linux system, kunyange iyo inowanzotaurwa chete seLinux.
Nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuvhiringidzwa mumusika pamusoro pekuti izwi rokuti "free software" rinorevei chaizvo, izwi rinoshandiswa "sarudzo yakasununguka" rakava nguva yakasarudzwa yepurogiramu yakagadzirwa uye yakachengetedzwa uchishanda pamwe chete nevanhu. Izwi rokuti "rakasununguka" rakagamuchirwa pamutemo pamusangano unokosha we teknolojia yekufungidzira-vatungamiri munaFebruary 1998, yakagadzirirwa nehuwandu hwemagetsi eTim O'Reilly. Gare gare mwedzi iwoyo, Open Source Initiative (OSI) yakavakwa naEric Raymond naBruce Perens senhengo isingabatsiri yakatsaurirwa kukurudzira OSS.
IFSF inoenderera mberi sekukurudzira uye boka revanhu vanozvitsaurirwa kuti vatsigire rusununguko rwevashandisi uye kodzero dzine chokuita nekushandiswa kwemutsetse wekodhi. Zvisinei, zvizhinji zvemichina yekambaniki inoshandisa izwi rokuti "nzvimbo yakasununguka" yemapurojekiti uye mapurogiramu ehurumende anobvumira kupinda kwevanhu kune kodhi yekushandisa.
Vhura Chitubu ZveSofisi Chikamu Cheupenyu hwezuva nezuva
Vhura mapurojekiti ekugadzira zvikamu zvehupenyu hwehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Iwe unogona kunge uri kuverenga nyaya ino pane foni yako kana piritsi, uye kana zvakadaro, iwe unogona kunge uchishandisa teknolojia yakasununguka iye zvino. Izvo zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvose zve iPhone neAroid zvakasikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa zvivako zvekuvakira kubva pamusana purogiramu software, mapurojekiti, uye mapurogiramu.
Kana uri kuverenga nyaya ino pane yako laptop kana desktop, uri kushandisa Chrome kana Firefox sewe web browser? Mozilla Firefox ndiyo yakasununguka kubva kune web browser. Google Chrome ndiyo shanduro yakagadziriswa yevhuraji yakashandurwa chepurojekiti yakanzi Chromium - kunyange Chromium yakatangwa neGoogle vadziri vanoramba vachiita basa rinoita mukuvandudza nekuwedzera kumwe, Google yakawedzera programming nezvimwe (zvimwe zvisiri pachena chitubu) kune iri svondo software kuti ikure Google Chrome browser.
Ichokwadi, iyo intaneti sezvatinoziva kuti ichange isipo pasina OSS. Mapiyona emakemikari akabatsira kuvaka webhutheni yepasi pose yakashandurwa yakasununguka purogiramu yekombiyuta, yakadai seLinux operating system uye Apache web server kuitira kuti tive ne internet yedu yemazuva ano. Apache web servers ndeye OSS mapurogiramu anotarisa chikumbiro cheimwe nzvimbo yewebhu (somuenzaniso, kana iwe ukasarudza paunobatanidza webhusaiti iwe waunoda kushanyira) nekutsvaga nekukutora iwe kuwebsite yewebhu. Apache web servers ndiyo yakazaruka uye inochengetedzwa nevatsigiri vanozvipira uye nhengo dzesangano risina purofiti rinonzi Apache Software Foundation.
Kuvhura chinyorwa ndiko kudzorera uye kudzorerazve teknolojia yedu uye mararamiro edu ezuva nezuva munzira dzatisingawanzwisisi. Ruzhinji rwevanhu vanogadzira mapurogiramu anobatsira kuzarura mapurogiramu epamusoro vanoenderera mberi kukura dudziro yeOSS uye kuwedzera kune kukosha kunounza kuvanhu vedu.