Vhidhiyo Mitemo Haisi Izvo Zvose Kwese
Sezvo nzvimbo yangu yakasvika munyika yose, ndinowana mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro pehurukuro yakasiyana yevhidhiyo inodzivisa kuonekwa kwevhidhiyo tape yakanyorwa muUS, semuenzaniso, pane VCR muEastern Europe. Kana, mune imwe nyaya, munhu kubva kuU UK ari kufamba muU.S., vhidhiyo yekudhura pamakhamcorder yavo, asi haagoni kuona zvinyorwa zvavo paTV TV kana kuti kuakanda kuSV VCR. Izvi zvinokanganisawo maDVD anotengwa kune dzimwe nyika zvakare, kunyange zvazvo DVD maitiro anosanganisirawo chimwe chinhu chinonzi Region Coding, iyo inowanikwa yose "inogona-ye-minye". Izvi zviri kuwedzera kune vhidhiyo yemitemo yakatariswa pano, uye inotsanangurwa zvakare munyaya yangu yezve "Makero eMunharaunda: Dhiyabhorosi Dzakavanzika Zvisina Utero" .
Sei ichi? Pane nzira yekugadzirisa iyi uye mamwe matambudziko anokonzerwa nemajairo evhidhiyo akasiyana here?
Kunyange zvazvo radio inotumirwa, somuenzaniso, inofarira mitemo inoshandiswa kwose kwose muNyika, terevhizheni haisi yakakomba.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino terevhizheni yeAnalogog, Nyika yakakamurwa kuva mitatu yakanyatsopindirana: NTSC, PAL, uye SECAM.
Nemhaka yei mitemo mitatu kana hurongwa? Kunyanya, terevhizheni yaive "yakagadzirwa" panguva dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi (US, UK, neFrance). Zvematongerwo enyika zvakanyanya kunyanya kutaura panguva iyo sangano raizoshandiswa semutemo wenyika munyika idzi. Uyezve, unofanirwa kuyeuka kuti kwakanga kusina kuongororwa kwakapiwa panguva iyo maTV Broadcast Systems akaiswa munzvimbo, pakukwira kwezera re "Global" ratiri kurarama nhasi, apo ruzivo runogona kuchinjwa pamagetsi nyore nyore sekutaura uye muvakidzani wako.
Kubatana: NTSC, PAL, SECAM
NTSC
NTSC ndiyo yeUnited States yakagamuchirwa muna 1941 seyakatanga kufambiswa kweterevhizheni uye mavhidhiyo maitiro achiri kushandiswa. NTSC inomiririra National Television Standards Committee uye yakagamuchirwa neCCC (Federal Communications Commission) seyero yekuterevhizheni kuT.S.
NTSC inotarisana ne 525-line, 60 minda / 30 mafaira-per-yechipiri pa 60Hz chirongwa chekutumira uye kuratidzwa kwezvifananidzo zvevhidhiyo. Iyi ndiyo nzira inopindira iyo iyo firimu imwe inotaridzirwa mumatanho maviri emirara 262, iyo zvino inosanganiswa kuratidzira fomu yevhidhiyo ne 525 scan lines.
Iyi sarudzo inoshanda zvakanaka, asi rimwe dambudziko nderokuti ruvara rweTV kubudiswa uye kuratidzwa kwakanga kusiri chikamu chekuenzanisa apo sarudzo yakatanga kugamuchirwa. Dambudziko rakasimuka pamusoro pekuti ingashandise sei Rudziro neNTSC pasina kuita mamiriyoni eB / W nhevhizheni inoshandiswa kutanga kwema1950 kusingagumi. Pakupedzisira, maitiro ekuwedzera Muvara weNTSC yakagamuchirwa muna 1953. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwemuvara muhutano hweNTSC kwave kushaya simba kwegadziriro, saka izwi rokuti NTSC rakazozivikanwa nevakawanda vevashandi se "Hazviwanzoiti Zvose Ruvara " . Chimbocherechedza kuti ruvara rwehutano uye kushanduka kunosiyana zvakanyanya pakati pezvitoro?
NTSC ndiyo inonzi official analog video standard muU.S., Canada, Mexico, dzimwe nzvimbo dzeCentral neSouth America, Japan, Taiwan, uye Korea. Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko kune dzimwe nyika.
PAL
PAL ndiyo inonyanya kuumbwa muNyika yeAnalogog kuterevhizheni terevhizheni uye vhidhiyo yekutaridza (sorry US) uye inobva pamatanho 625, 50 munda / 25 masimeri yechipiri, 50HZ system. Chiratidzo chacho chinopindirana, seNTSC mumiti miviri, yakagadzirwa nemitsara 312 imwe neimwe. Zvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana ndezvimwe: pane zviri nani zviri nani pane NTSC nekuda kwehuwandu hwemitsara ye scan. Zvimwe zviviri: sezvo ruvara rwaive chikamu chemuyero kubva pakutanga, ruvara rwehutano pakati pezvitoro neTV zviri nani zvikuru. Pane pasi rePAL pane zvakadaro, sezvo pane zvikamu zvishoma (25) zvinoratidzwa pamusi wechipiri, dzimwe nguva unogona kuona zvishoma zvishoma mufananidzo, zvakadai semhepo inotaridzirwa pafirimu yakafananidzirwa.
Cherechedza: Brazil inoshandisa kusiyana kwePAL, inonzi inonzi PAL-M. PAL-M inoshandisa 525 mitsara / 60 HZ. PAL-M inowirirana neB / W chete kutamba paNTSC mafaira.
Kubvira paPAL uye kusiyana kwaro kune kutonga kwenyika kwakadaro, yakatumidzwa zita rokuti " Rugare Pakupedzisira ", neavo vari mumitambo yevhidhiyo. Nyika dziri pasi pePAL dzinosanganisira UK, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, China, India, vazhinji veAfrica, uye Middle East.
SECAM
SECAM ndiyo "kunze kwemutemo" weAnalogog video standards. Yakagadzirwa muFrance (Zvinoratidzika kuti maFrance akasiyana kunyange nehutano hwehutano), SECAM, kunyange yakakosha kusvika kuNTSC, haisi yepamusoro kune PAL (chaizvoizvo nyika dzakawanda dzakagamuchira SECAM dzinogona kutendeukira kuPAL kana kuva ne-double-system broadcasting mune zvose PAL neS SECAM).
Kufanana nePAL, iri mutsara we625, 50 munda / 25 mashizha pamusika mukati-kati wemakamuri, asi ruvara rwemuvara runoshandiswa zvakasiyana pane PAL kana NTSC. Ichokwadi, SECAM inomirira (muChirungu) Sequential Color With Memory. Mumabasa evhidhiyo, yakanzi " Chinhu Chinopesana neAmerican Methods ", pamusana pehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwehutungamiri. Nyika dziri kuS SECAM zvinosanganisira France, Russia, Eastern Europe, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzeMiddle East.
Zvisinei, chimwe chinhu chinokosha chaunotaura pamusoro pe SECAM ndechekuti iyo terevhizheni inoparidzirwa mafomu ekufambisa (uyewo mavhidhiyo ekurekodha yeVHS eStam transmissions) - asi haisi dhidhiyo yokudhinda DVD. Dhiyabhorosi anozivikanwa muNTSC kana kuti PAL uye inonyorwa kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenharaunda, maererano nekutamba kutenderana. Munyika dzinoshandisa shanduro yeS SECAM, maDVD anodzidza muPAL video format.
Mune mamwe mazwi, vanhu vanogara munyika dzinoshandisa faira re SECAM terevhizheni, zvakare shandisa PAL format kana iri kuuya kuDVD video playback. SVV yese yevatengi-based SECAM inogona kuona zvose zviratidzo zveS SECAM kana zviratidzo zvePAL zvakananga, zvakadai sedhiyabhorosi, VCR, DVR, etc ...
Kubvisa zvose zvigadzirwa zvekambani maererano neNTSC, PAL, uye SECAM, kuvapo kwemafomu aya eTV zvinoreva kungoita kuti video HERE irege kunge yakangofanana nevhidhiyo IYE (kupi zvako kana PANE kana kuti IYE ingadaro iine). Chikonzero chikuru chinokonzerwa nehurongwa humwechete ndechokuti ivo vanobva pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvemafreyimu uye bandwidth, izvo zvinodzivirira zvinhu zvakadaro sevhidhiyo matepi uye maDVD zvakanyorwa mune imwe sangano kubva kutambidzwa mune mamwe maitiro.
Multi-System Solutions
Zvisinei, kune mhinduro dzemitambo iyi inopesana inenge iripo mumusika wevatengi. MuEurope, somuenzaniso, maTV akawanda, maVCR, uye DVD vari kutengesa zvose zviri zviviri NTSC nePAL vanogona. MuUnited States, dambudziko iri rinotarirwa nevatengesi vanonyanya kugadzirwa mumakambani emagetsi emarudzi ose. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzepaIndaneti dzinosanganisira International Electronics, uye World Import.
Mukuwedzera, kana iwe ukaitika kuti ugere muguta guru, rakadai seNew York, Los Angeles, kana nzvimbo yeMiami, Florida, vamwe vatengesi vakuru uye vanozvimiririra dzimwe nguva vanotakura maWCR akawanda. Saka, kana uine hama kana shamwari kune dzimwe nyika iwe unogona kuita uye ukopa makcorder kana mavhidhiyo wawakanyora TV uye uvatumira makopi uye iwe unogona kutamba PAL kana SECAM mavhidhiyo evhidhiyo anokutumira.
Zvisinei, kana iwe usiri kuenderera mberi uchida kuva ne-multi-system VCR asi uchiri kudikanwa kuti uve nechikwata chekatepiyo chetambo chinotendeuka kune rimwe sarudzo, kune mabasa mumaguta makuru makuru anogona kuita izvi. Ingotarisa mubhuku refoni yepasi pasi peVideo Production kana Vhidhiyo Yokugadzira Vhidhiyo. Mutengo wekushandura tepi imwe chete haisi yakadhura.
Mitemo Yepasi Pese YeDhidhiyo Television
Pakupedzisira, iwe unofunga kuti Nyika yose yekushandisa Digital Digital uye HDTV inogona kugadzirisa nyaya yevhidhiyo isina kuenderana, asi handizvo. Kune "nyika" yepikisano yakakomberedza kubvumirwa kwebumbiro rehuwandu hweterevhizheni kutambidzwa kweterevhizheni uye kutamba zvakare vhidhiyo yakareba tsananguro mavhidhiyo maitiro.
IU.S. uye dzimwe nhamba dzeNorth America neAsia dzakagamuchira ATSC (Advanced Television Standards Committee yemuDare, Europe yakagamuchira DVB (Digital Video Broadcasting), uye Japan inosarudza iyo purogiramu yayo, ISDB (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting). humwe ruzivo pamusoro penyika yeWorldwide Digital TV / HDTV mitemo, chengeta mitsara kubva EE Times.
Mukuwedzera, Kunyange zvazvo pane kusiyana kwakasiyana pakati peHDH nevhidhiyo yeAnalogog, mufananidzo wehuwandu hwemajeri hunoramba uri muPAL neNTSC nyika.
Mune dzimwe nyika dzave dziri muNTSC inoona terevhizheni / video system, kusvika ikozvino, mavhidhiyo eHD ekuparidzirwa uye maitiro akarembwa HD (zvakadai seBlu-ray neHD-DVD) achiri kubatana nechitima cheNTSC chemafaira makumi matatu nemasere, iyo HD mitemo munyika dzave dziri paPAL zvakashambadzirwa / yevhidhiyo yemitemo kana svondo reSCLAM rekudhiridza rinotsigira PAL frame rate yemafaira makumi maviri nemashanu pamusi wechipiri.
Nenzira inofadza, nhamba iri kukura yehuterevhizheni yakadzama iripo kuwanikwa Munyika Yose, uye pamwe nevose vese vhidhiyo vhidhiyo, vanokwanisa kuratidzira mapuranga makumi maviri nemasere uye makumi matatu pamasereti echidimbu chema HD.
Kubva kunze kwebhuku rose remagetsi pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeD Digital / HDTV kuparidzirwa mitemo, izvi zvinoreva, maererano nekushambadzira, tambo, uye terevhizheni yakareba mumakore ekudhindwa, zvicharamba zvisina kufanana pakati pemarudzi enyika. Zvisinei, nekushandiswa kwevhidhiyo kushandiswa uye kutendeuka chips mune mamwe mavhidhiyo emakambani, nyaya yekutamba zvakare revhidhiyo yakanyorwa inenge isisina nyaya kana nguva ichienderera mberi.