Makombiyuta emakombiyuta anouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana: Makomba ekumusha, mabhizinesi emabhizimisi, uye Indaneti ndiyo mienzaniso mitatu yakajairika Devices vangashandisa chero nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubatanidza kune idzi (uye mamwe marudzi) maranho. Zvinhu zvitatu zvinokosha zvekubatanidza huripo:
- Point-to-point connections inobvumira imwe chipu kuti ichitaurire zvakananga pamwe chete nedzimwe imwe chigadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, mafoni maviri anogona kusangana pamwe chete kuti atenganise mashoko ehutano kana mifananidzo.
- Broadcast / multicast connections inobvumira chipikisi kutumira mharidzo imwe chete kune network uye ine makopi emashoko aya anopiwa kune vakawanda vanogamuchira
- Multipoint connections inobvumira chipangizo chimwe kuti chibatane zvakananga uye chinotumira mharidzo kune mamwe madivayiri akafanana.
Kwete yose mitambo yemichina inotsigira kuita marudzi ose ekubatanidza. Ethernet links, somuenzaniso, kutsigirwa kuparadzirwa, asi IPv6 haina. Zvikamu zviri pasi apa zvinotsanangura kusiyana kwakasiyana siyana kunowanzoshandiswa pamataiti nhasi.
Fixed Broadband Internet
Izwi rokuti broadband rinogona kureva zvinhu zvakasiyana, asi vashandi vakawanda vanoshamwaridzana naro nemafungiro e-high-speed Internet service akaiswa pane imwe nzvimbo. Makombiro ari oga mumisha, zvikoro, mabhizinesi nemamwe masangano anowanzobatana neInternet kuburikidza nehuwandu hwebandaneti.
Nhoroondo uye zvinowanzoshandiswa: Zvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana, hurumende, uye masangano ega ega akaumba zvikamu zveInternet muma1970 nema1980. Mhuri yekubatanidza neIndaneti yakakurumidza kukurumbira munguva dzema1990 nekubuda kweWorld Wide Web (WWW) . Fixed broadband Internet services dzakasimbiswa zvakasimba semuenzaniso wemisha yekugara munyika dzakabudirira munguva yema2000, uye inoramba ichiwedzera kukurumidza. Zvichakadai, vese vese vese vese vese vanotora maWi-Fi hotspot vakatanga kutsigira nharaunda inopararira yehutano hwehuwandu hwemashoko ehupfumi panzvimbo dzevanyori vavo kuti vashandise. Zvimwe - Ndiani Akasika Indaneti?
Unyanzvi hunokosha: Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) teknolojia inotsigira inzwi rimwe chete uye ruzivo rwekufambisa pamatafura emunhare pasina kudikanwa kwekushandisa modem. Yakanga iri muenzaniso wokutanga wepamusoro-famba (zvichienderana nemimwe nzira inoshandiswa) Kuwanika kwepaIndaneti kumusika wevatengi. ISDN yakakundikana kuwana kupararira kwakapararira pamusana pekukwikwidza kubva kuna Digital Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) uye nhare dzepaIndaneti. Kunze kwezvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira kubatisa, kusagadzirirwa kusina wireless broadband (kwete kuchinjwa ne mobile broadband) maitiro anobva kuma microwave radio transmitters. Kukurukurirana kwehuta-to-tower pamusoro pemagetsi emagetsi kunobatsirawo sechigadziriswa chesina wireless broadband system.
Matambudziko: Fixed broadband installations inowanikwa kune imwe nzvimbo yepanyika uye isingasviki. Pamusana pemari yezvigadzirwa zvehupfumi, kuwanika kwemasangano eIndaneti dzimwe nguva kunongopedzisira kune maguta nemaguta (kunyange zvazvo kusagadzirirwa kusina midziyo kushanda kunoshanda zvakanaka mumaruwa). Kumupikisana kubva kumasasa eInternet anowedzera kuwedzera kumanikidziro kune avo vakagadziriswa vekudzivirira mabhanhire kuti varambe vachivandudza maranho avo nekuderedza mari.
Mobile Internet
Izwi rokuti "mobile Internet" rinoreva mhando dzakasiyana dzebasa reIndaneti rinogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nehutachiona husina maturo kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.
Nhoroondo uye zvinowanzoshandiswa: Satellite Interne t services yakasikwa pakapera kwema1990 ne2000 seyekufambisa-yepamusoro-shanduko kune zvekudarika kweInternet. Kunyange zvazvo maitirwo aya asingakwanisi kukwikwidzana nehupamhi hwehutsva huchigadziriswa hupfumi hwehupfumi, vanoenderera kushanda mune dzimwe misika yemaruwa iyo isina zvimwe zvingakwanisika. Iyo yepakutanga mafoni ekukurukurirana mitambo yakanga yakanonoka kutsigira Internet data traffic uye yakagadzirirwa zvikuru kunyanya izwi, asi nekuvandudzwa kwezvizvarwa zvitsva kwakave iyo inotungamirira nhare yeInternet yekusarudza kwevakawanda.
Unyanzvi hunokosha: Mazana emagetsi anoshandisa zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvekukurukurirana mukati me 3G, 4G uye (remangwana) 5G maitiro emhuri.
Nhaurirano: Kuitwa kweInternet internet connections kare kwaive kwakaderera kudarika iyo yakagadziriswa nehuwandu hwemashupiti ehurumende, uye mari yayo yakave yakanyanya. Nekuvandudzika kukuru mune zvose zviri kuitwa nekudhura mumakore achangopfuura, mobile Internet yakawedzera kutengesa uye imwe nzira inogona kushandiswa kugadziriswa yakawanda.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A virtual private network (VPN) inosanganisira hardware, software, uye hutano hunodiwa kutsigira vakachengetedzwa vese -server network maitirano pamusoro pehutano hwehupfumi hwevanhu kuburikidza nenzira inonzi tunneling.
Nhoroondo uye zvinowanzoshandiswa: VPNs yakakura pakuzivikanwa mukati mema1990 nekupararira kweInternet uye nhanhatu dzinokurumidza. Mabhizimisi makuru akarovera VPNs yega yega kune vashandi vavo kuti vashandise sehurukuro iri kure kurega - kubatanidza ku intranet yekambani kubva kumba kana kuenda kune imwe yeiyo email uye mamwe mabhizimusi ega ega. Zvose zveVPN mazano anovandudza hukama hwekutsvaga kwehutano hwemunhu kune vanopa Internet vanoenderera mberi kushandiswa zvakanyanya. Izvo zvinonzi "mhirizhonga yeVPN" yese, somuenzaniso, bvumira vanyoresa kuti vafambe paInternet kuburikidza nemasevhisi munyika dzakasiyana siyana, kuburikidza nemiganhu ye geolocation iyo dzimwe nzvimbo dziri paIndaneti dzinoshanda.
Unyanzvi hunokosha: Microsoft Windows yakagamuchira Point kusvika Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) senzira yekutanga yeVPN. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzakagamuchira Internet Protocol kuchengetedza (Ipsec) uye Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP).
Zvinyorwa: Virtual network dzepachivande dzinoda kuiswa zvakananga pane ruteereri. Kugadzikana kwekutsinhana kunosiyana mumarudzi akasiyana eVPN uye inofanira kunyatsogadzirirwa kuitira kuti network iite. Kukundikana kuedza kuwirirana kweVPN, kana kuti madonhwe okudzivirira kwechimbichimbi, zvakajairika uye zvakaoma kutambudza.
Dhinda-up network
Dial-up network connections inobatsira TCP / IP kushanyira pamusoro pematafura efoni.
Nhoroondo uye zvinowanzoshandiswa: Kuiswa kwepabonde-up network ndiyo ndiyo nzira yokutanga yeIndaneti yekuwana dzimba mumakore ekuma1990 nekutanga kwema2000. Mamwe mabhizinesi akagadzirawo mapepa evanosvika kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuwanika mavhesi ekubvumira vashandi vavo kuti vawane iyo intranet yekambani kubva paInternet
Unyanzvi hunokosha: Mazano ekudhira-up network anoshandisa analogog modems dzinodana nhamba dzenhare dzakagadzirirwa kuti zvibatane uye kutumira kana kugamuchira mharidzo. X.25 zvirongwa dzimwe nguva zvinoshandiswa kuendesa dhara kubva pakudhonza-dial-up mahara pamakwikwi akareba, zvakadai sekukweretesa kadhi rechikwereti kana kushandiswa kwemashini emari.
Matambudziko: Kudha-up kunopa huwandu huwandu hwehutano hwomukati . Analog modems, somuenzaniso, kumusoro uko pahuwandu hwemashoko ema 56 Kbps . Iyo yakatsiviwa neInternband Internet yepamusha yeIndaneti uye iri zvishoma nezvishoma ichitsvaga mune mamwe maitiro.
Local Area Network (LAN)
Vanhu vanobatanidza makombiyuta ekubatanidza neLANs kupfuura chero imwe nzira ipi zvayo yehutano. Inzvimbo yekutengesa inosanganisira kuunganidza zvishandiso zviri pedyo nekusangana (zvakadai seimba kana chivako chehofisi) zvakabatanidzwa kune zvakagadzirwa nemichina yekutengesa (semakambani ebandaneti kana network switches ) izvo zvishandise zvinoshandisa kutaura kune mumwe nemumwe uye nekunze kwenyanzvi.
Nhoroondo uye zvinowanzoshandiswa: Makombiro emunharaunda (wired uye / kana kusina wireless) akave akakurumbira zvikuru muma2000 nekukura kwekutengesa musha. Vhivhesiti nemabhizimisi zvakashandiswa nhare dzesimbi kunyange kare.
Unyanzvi hunokosha: Zvizhinji zvemazuva ano zvinonzi LANs zvinoshandisa Ethernet apo mashizha asina mashizha anowanzoshandisa Wi-Fi . Vakwegura wired networks vanoshandisa Ethernet asiwo dzimwe nzira dzinosanganisira Token Ring uye FDDI .
Nhaurirano: Kutarisira maLAN kunogona kuva kwakaoma sezvavanowanzo chinangwa masangano akagadzirirwa kutsigira kusanganiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana nekugadziriswa kwemagetsi (kusanganisira maitiro akasiyana-siyana kana network network interface). Nemhaka yokuti inyanzvi inotsigira LAN inoshanda chete pamakiromita mashomanana, kukurukurirana pakati peLAN kunoda kuwedzerwa zvombo zvekushandisa uye kushanda nesimba.
Direct network
Dedicated network connections pakati pemapandi maviri (kuti hapana mamwe majaira anogona kugovana) anonziwo kuwirirana zvakananga. Mafambisirwo emitauro yakasiyana kubva kune peer-to-peer network mumasangano evezera rako ane nhamba yakawanda yezvigadziriswa pakati pehuwandu hunoti-kusvika-huni hunobudiswa.
Nhoroondo uye zvinowanzoshandiswa: Ended terminals user communicated with mainframe computers via serial lines line. Windows PCs inotsigirawo zvakananga cable, maitiro anowanzoshandiswa kutumira mafaira. Pamagetsi asingasviki, vanhu vanowanzotaurirana zvakananga pakati pemafoni maviri (kana foni uye nemichina yekuvumirana) kuti vachinjana mifananidzo nemavhidhiyo, kuvandudza mapurogiramu, kana kutamba mitambo.
Mishonga inokosha: Serial port and cables portable cables zvinotsigira zvakananga wired connections zvishoma nezvishoma, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvakanyanya kuderera mukushandiswa kwekuvandudza mitemo yakadai se USB . Zvimwe zvekare makombiyuta epakombiyuta akatapa mabheji asina hutachiona asina mahwendefa ekubatana zvakananga pakati pemhando dzakatsigira IrDA tsanangudzo. Bluetooth yakabuda senheyo yepamusoro yevasina kutengesa mafoni efoni nekuda kwekudhura kwayo uye kuderedza simba rekushandisa.
Matambudziko: Kugadzirisa zvakananga kune kure kure kwakaoma. Maitiro emitambo yakawanda asingasviki, zvisingadi, anoda maidiyuta kuti achengetedzwe pedyo pedo nemumwe (Bluetooth), kana pamutsara-we-kuona pasina zvipingamupinyi (infrared).