Mifananidzo yeHash Function Tsanangudzo
A cryptographic hash basa nderudzi rwechigadziro chinogona kushandiswa pachidimbu che data, kufanana nefaira pachako kana kuti password, kubudisa kukosha kunonzi checksum.
Kushandiswa kukuru kwekristptographic hash basa ndechekusimbisa kuve kwechokwadi chechinhu che data. Mafaira maviri anogona kuvimbiswa kuti akafanana chete kana checksums ichibva kune faira rimwe nerimwe, uchishandisa zvakafanana cryptographic hash basa, zvakafanana.
Zvimwe zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinonzi cryptographic hash zvinosanganisira MD5 uye SHA-1 , kunyange vamwe vakawanda zvakare.
Cherechedza: Cryptographic hash mabasa inowanzoongororwa semashandi ehupfupi , asi iyo haisi yakarurama. A hash basa ishoko rechiito rinowanzoshandiswa kusanganisira cryptographic hash mabasa pamwe chete nemamwe marudzi eakashandura akaita seyclic redundancy checks.
Mifananidzo yeHash Function: A Use Case
Ngatiti iwe uri kukonzera shanduro yezvino ye browser Firefox . Chero chikonzero chipi zvacho, waifanira kuikanda kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kunze kweMozilla's. Usingave wakagadzwa pane imwe nzvimbo yawakadzidza kuvimba, iwe unoda kuve nechokwadi chokuti iyo yekuisa faira yawakangotora chete ndiyo chaiyo chimwe chinhu chaMozilla chinopa.
Uchishandisa checksum calculator , iwe unoshandisa checksum uchishandisa chekristptographic hash basa (taura SHA-2) uye woenzanisa iyo neyo yakabudiswa pawebsite yeMozilla.
Kana ivo vakaenzana, saka unogona kuva nechivimbo chekuti kutora kwaunayo ndeye Mozilla yaunoda iwe kuti uve nayo.
Ona Chii Chinonzi Checksum? kuti uwane zvakawanda pazvinhu izvi zvinokosha zvekuverenga, pamwe nemimwe mienzaniso pakushandisa checksums kuisa chokwadi chekuti mafaira ekukanganwa chaizvoizvo ndizvo zvaunotarisira kuti vave.
Unogona Kuita Basa Rokunyora Hash?
Cryptographic hash mabasa yakagadzirirwa kudzivisa kukwanisa kuchinja ma checksums ivo vanoita zvakare kumashoko ekutanga.
Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo zvisingakwanisi kuchinja, hazvirevi kuti ivo vane 100% vanovimbiswa kuchengetedza data.
Chimwe chinhu chinonzi rainbow tafura chinogona kushandiswa kukurumidza kuona chirevo che checksum. Matawende egoraraji anowanzoita maduramazwi anonyora zviuru, mamiriyoni, kana mabhiriyoni eaya pamwe chete nehuwandu hunonyatsotsanangurwa.
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingashandisi zvekudzidzira cryptographic hash algorithm, zvingave zvakare sezvo zviri nyore kuita. Muzvokwadi, sezvo pasina tafura yemugwatiro inogona kunyora checksum yose inobvira iripo, inowanzova "inobatsira" pamashoko mashomanana ... sepassword passwords.
Heino shanduro yakareruka yetafura yemuorivhi kuratidza kuti munhu angashanda sei achishandisa SHA-1 cryptographic hash basa:
| Plaintext | SHA-1 Checksum |
| 12345 | 8cb2237d0679ca88db6464eac60da96345513964 |
| password1 | e38ad214943daad1d64c102faec29de4afe9da3d |
| ilovemydog | a25fb3505406c9ac761c8428692fbf5d5ddf1316 |
| Jenny400 | 7d5eb0173008fe55275d12e9629eef8bdb408c1f |
| dallas1984 | c1ebe6d80f4c7c087ad29d2c0dc3e059fc919da2 |
Nokuti aya maitiro anongororwa achishandisa checksum, angada kuti mucheki anzwisise kuti cryptographic hash algorithm yakashandiswa kuiita.
Nokuda kwekudzivirirwa kwakawedzerwa, mamwe mawebsite anochengetedza mapepa emafaira ekushandisa anoita mamwe maitiro kune cryptographic hash algorithm mushure mekukosha kwekugadzirwa asi isati yachengetwa.
Izvi zvinounza hutsva hutsva iyo chete web server inonzwisisa uye iyo haina kunyatsokodzera checksum yepakutanga.
Semuenzaniso, mushure mekunge password yakaiswa uye checksum inogadzirwa, inogona kuparadzana muzvikamu zvakasiyana uye yakarongwa zvakare isati yachengetwa mudhesi yephasiwedi, kana vamwe vanhu vangave vakashandurwa nevamwe. Apo mutengi ari kuedza kuvimbisa nguva inotevera pavanopinda, basa iri rinowedzera richadzoserwa ne web server uye checksum yepakutanga inogadzirwa zvakare, kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti password ye user inoshanda.
Kuita izvi kunobatsira kukanganisa kubatsirika kwepasiti apo yese checksums yakabiwa.
Zvakare, pfungwa iri pano ndeyokuita basa risingazivikanwe kuitira kuti kana muchengeti achiziva cryptographic hash algorithm asi kwete tsika iyi, saka kuziva checksums password hauna unhelpful.
Passwords uye Cryptographic Hash Mabasa
Saizvozvowo kune tafura yevhota yemvura inoshandiswa sei kuti database yakachengetedza pasi password. Kana password yako yapinda, checksum inogadzirwa uye inofananidzwa neyo yakanyorwa nezita rako rekushandisa. Iwe unobva wapiwa ruzivo rwekugona kana izvo zviviri zvakafanana.
Zvichipa kuti cryptographic hash basa inobereka checksum isingashanduki, zvinoreva here kuti iwe unogona kuita kuti password yako ive nyore se 12345 , panzvimbo ye12 @ 34 $ 5 , nemhaka yokuti checksums pachavo haigoni kunzwisiswa? Ichokwadi haiti, uye ichi ndicho chikonzero ...
Sezvaunogona kuona, aya mapepaji maviri haasviki kutarisa nekutsvaga pa checksum:
MD5 ye 12345: 827ccb0eea8a706c4c34a16891f84e7b
MD5 ye12 @ 34 $ 5: a4d3cc004f487b18b2ccd4853053818b
Saka, paunotanga kuona iwe unofunga kuti zvakanyatsonaka kushandisa imwe yemapepiswedi aya. Izvi zvechokwadi ndezvechokwadi kana munhu anorwisa achiedza kubudisa password yako nekufungidzira MD5 checksum (iyo pasina munhu anoita), asi kwete chokwadi kana kushungurudza kusimba kana kushandiswa kwemashoko kushandiswa (iyo ndiyo nzira inowanzozivikanwa).
Kushandiswa kwechisimba kunowanzoitika apo dzakawandisa zvinokonzerwa nemakumbo zvinotorwa pakufungidzira password. Muchiitiko ichi, zvingava nyore kwazvo kufungidzira "12345," asi zvakakosha zvakaoma kuverenga pane imwe. Kushandurwa kwezvinyorwa kune zvakafanana mune kuti munhu anorwisa anogona kuedza izwi rimwe nerimwe, nhamba, kana mutsara kubva pane zvakanyorwa (uye zvisiri zvishoma zvinowanzoshandiswa) mapepawedi, "12345" chaizvoizvo kuva imwe yaizoedzwa.
Saka, kunyange zvazvo cryptographic hash inounza zvakaoma kusingaiti-kufungidzira checksums, iwe unofanirwa kushandisa shanduro yakaoma yezvese yako yekombiyuta uye yekwesekodhi yemashandisi.
Zano: Ona Mienzaniso yePasiwedi Yakakosha uye Yakasimba kana iwe usina chokwadi kana yako inonzi iine password yakasimba.
Zvimwe Zvinyorwa pamusoro peCheptographic Hash Mabasa
Zvinogona kuonekwa sekuti cryptographic hash mabasa yakabatana nekinyorwa asi maviri anobata nenzira dzakasiyana zvakasiyana.
Encryption inzira mbiri iyo pane chimwe chinhu chakavharidzirwa kuti chirege kuverengwa, asi chinoshandiswa gare gare chichishandiswa kazhinji zvakare. Iwe unogona kunyora mafaira wawakachengeta kuitira kuti chero munhu anozviwana asakwanise kuashandisa, kana iwe unogona kushandisa firiji kutumira encryption kuti inyore mafaira ari kufamba pamusoro penetaneti, saiyo iwe waunoshandisa kana kukakanda paIndaneti.
Kufanana nekurondedzerwa pamusoro apa, cryptographic hash mabasa inoshanda zvakasiyana mune kuti checksums hazvirevi kuchinjwa neshoko rinokosha re-hashing password sekuti sei zvakafukidzirwa mafaira zvinowanikwa neshoko rinokosha rekubvisa password. Icho chinangwa chete cryptographic hash mabasa kunoshandiswa kuenzanisa zvidimbu zviviri zve data, kufanana pakunyorera mafaira, kuchengetedza passwords, kudhonza data kubva kune database, nezvimwe.
Zvinogoneka kuti cryptographic hash basa kubudisa checksum imwechete yezvidimbu zvakasiyana zve data. Kana izvi zvichiitika, zvinonzi kurwisana. Zviri pachena, iyi dambudziko guru kuongorora pfungwa yose ye cryptographic hash basa ndeyokuita zvakakwana zvakasiyana checksums ye data yose inowanikwa mairi.
Zvimwe zvikonzero zvinokonzerwa zvinogona kuitika ndezvokuti imwechete cryptographic hash basa inobatsira kukosha kwehutengo hwakatarwa pasinei nemashoko ekupinza. Somuenzaniso, MD5 cryptographic hash inogadzira 827ccb0eea8a706c4c34a16891f84e7b, 1f633b2909b9c1addf32302c7a497983 , uye e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e nokuda zvitatu zvakasiyana zvakasiyana zve data.
Checksum yokutanga inobva 12345 , yechipiri yakagadzirwa kubva kune mabhuku anopfuura 700 uye nhamba, uye chechitatu inobva 123456 . Zvose izvi zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana asi zvakaguma zvichingova mazita 32 kubva MD5 yakashandiswa.
Sezvaunogona kuona, pane zvisingakwanisi kugumira kune nhamba ye checksums inogona kusikwa sezvo shanduko shoma shoma mune zvayo inofanirwa kuunza checksum yakasiyana zvachose. Zvisinei, nokuti kune muganhu kune nhamba ye checksums imwe cryptographic hash inogona kubudisa, pane nguva dzose unogona kuti uchasangana nekupesana.
Ichi ndicho chikonzero mamwe maitiro e-cryptographic hash akasika. Kunyange zvazvo MD5 inokonzera nhamba ye-32-character, SHA-1 inogadzira zvinyorwa makumi mana uye SHA-2 (512) inogadzira 128. Kuwanda kwemavara ayo checksum ane, zvisingaiti kuti kupesana kuchaitika nekuti inopa nzvimbo yakawanda rakasiyana nemitemo.