14.1 Getty (inoshandiswa mu / etc / inittab)
Nhanganyaya kuGetty
Kuti uve nekutaridzika kwekutamba kunoshanda pane chiteshi chemashure (uye iyo inogadziriswa yakabatana nayo) apo kombiyuta inotanga kumusoro (kana kushanduka kumhanya mauto) mutemo wekuwana unofanira kuiswa mu / etc / inittab file. Running getty kubva mumutsetse wemutsetse unogona kukonzera matambudziko (ona kana gotty inobva kumurongo wemirairo: Zvirongwa zvinomira kuti zvione kuti nei). Getty GETs TTY (a terminal) kuenda. Mumwe nomumwe wegadziriro anoda chirongwa chake chekuwana. Pano panewo mutemo wekutora mumwechete we console mune zvose / etc / inittab file. Tsvaga izvi uye uise mirairo ye gotty yemagetsi ekupedzisira. Iyi faira inogona kunge ine mitsara yekuwana yemainari emagetsi ekutumira mashoko ayo anotsanangurwa kuitira kuti zvose zvaunoda kuita ndezvokuti usakanganise (bvisa mutungamiri #) uye shandura dzimwe nharo.
Nharo dzinobvumidzwa dzinotarisa kuti ndewepi iyo iwe unoshandisa:
Zvinyorwa zviviri zvepamusoro zvakanyatsobatanidza zvakasimbiswa zvikwangwani ndezvi:
- agetty (dzimwe nguva inonzi "getty"): Zviri nyore kwazvo kugadzirisa. Kwete config files. Ona agetty
- getty (chikamu chekutty_ps)
Zvinyorwa zviviri zvakanakisisa pakudha-mu modem
- mgetty: iyo yakanaka kune modem; inoshandiswa kumagetsi asiwo akaderera
- uugetty: for modems chete; chikamu chematty_ps pepa
Simple gettys kushandiswa kana iwe usingashandisi re-text-terminal. Vashandi vakawanda veLinux vanoshandisa chimwe chezvizvi pakuona kwavo:
- mingetty
- fbgetty
- fgetty
- rungetty
Kugoverwa kwako kweLinux kunogona kuuya nemap ps_getty kana agetty kumagumo emashoko. Zvimwe zvipo zvinopa. Zvinosuruvarisa, ivo vanowanzozvitumidza kuti "getty" kuitira kuti iwe unoda kuziva kuti chii chaunacho kubva pane zvaunofunga mushure maro mune / etc / inittab zvakasiyana. Debian inoshandisa agetty (mumutauro we util-linux). RedHat uye Fedora vakashandisa ps_getty iri pa: ps_getty
Sekushandiswa kwekupedzisira kuedza kutsvaga kuti ndewepi iyo iwe unayo, unogona kutarisa code yake inogona kuitika (kazhinji iri / sbin). ps_getty ine / etc / gettydefs yakabatanidzwa mumutsetse uyu. Kuti uitsvake, enda ku / sbin uye tora:
rwonzi rutty | grep getty
Kana mukana wekutengesa hurumende yakasarudzwa inozoguma isina chinhu. Zvisinei kana iwe unenge uine maitiro ekutamba:
getty -h
anofanira kuratidza zvaunogona [-hiLmw].
Kana iwe usina gotty iwe unoda kutarisa mamwe maparidzi uye chirongwa chekune imwe nyika kuti uchinje pakati pe RPM neDebian paketji. Kodhi yekodhi inogona kubudiswa kubva kuItty Software.
Kana iwe usingashandisi mitemo yekudzora mitsara (somuenzaniso kana iwe uchishandisa bedzi nhamba shoma yevatungamiri vatatu: kutumira, kugamuchira, uye chiratidzo chinowanikwa pasi) iwe unofanirwa kuregera kuwana izvi kuburikidza uchishandisa "musha" wepepa. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anotsvaga kuti ndeapi iyo yaunoshandisa.
Getty inopinda mushure mekupinda (uye inogona kubviswa)
Mushure mokunge mauya mukati mavo muchaona (kuburikidza ne "top", "ps -ax", kana "ptree") kuti mari yekutora haisisiri kushanda. Chii chakaitika kune icho? Chii chinoita kuti vana vako vadzoke zvakare kana shell yako inourawa? Heino chikonzero.
Mushure mekunge maita mapepa muzita renyu rekushandisa, getty inotora iyo uye inodana purogiramu yekutumira iyo ichiudza zita rako. Iko mari yekuita inotsiviwa nekugadzirisa. Nzira yekupinda iyo inokumbira password yako, inoiongorora uye inotanga chero nzira inotaurwa mu password yako file. Iyi nzira inowanzova bash shell. Kana zvakadaro, bash inotanga uye inotora nzvimbo yekupinda. Cherechedza kuti imwe nzira inotora imwe nzvimbo uye kuti iyo bash shell inotanga yakatanga sekuwana maitiro. Zvinorehwa neizvi zvichatsanangurwa pasi apa.
Ikozvino mu / etc / inittab faira, gotty inofanirwa kuvezve (kutangazve) kana ikaurawa. Inotaura zvakadaro pamusoro pomutsetse unoshevedza. Asi kana iyo bash shell (kana kuti nzira yekugadzirira) inourawa, kubhadhara patsva (kudzorera). Sei? Zvakanaka, zvose zvinopindira nekushamba zvinoshandiswa kuti zvive zvekuwana uye dzive nhaka
iyo chiratidzo chinobatanidzwa chinogadziriswa nevatungamiri vavo. Zvechokwadi kana iwe ukacherechedza tsanangudzo iwe uchaona kuti kushandurwa kwekugadzirisa kuchava nehutano hwehutano hwakafanana nehupakutanga. Saka shanduko yakasiyana nemamwe mavara ekuvhara pamwe chete nenhamba yechirongwa cheDhiyabhorosi. Kana bhiza richiurayiwa zvakangofanana nekuwana kuurawa (kunyange zvazvo kuwanikwa hakusi kushanda zvakare). Izvi zvinokonzera kuwanikwa patsva.
Kana mumwe akabuda kunze, zvose zvinoshandiswa pamusiyo wezvikepe zvinouraya zvinourawa kusanganisira bash shell. Izvi zvinogonawo kuitika (kana zvichibvumirwa) kana chiratidzo chechipfuva chinotumirwa kune chiteshi chechirwere nedonho reDDD voltage ne modem. Pose kuvhara kana kudonhedzwa muDDCD kuchaita kuti kuve nekugadziriswa. Mumwe anogona kumanikidza kuti aendezve nokuuraya bhasi (kana kupinda) kana kuuraya k k, kana zvakadaro apo "kumusoro" kana ne "kuuraya" murairo. Iwe unogona kunge uchida kuuraya nechiratidzo 9 (icho chisingagoni kuregererwa).
Kana kuvhaka kunomhanya kubva kumutsara wemirairo: Zvirongwa zvinomira
Iwe unofanirwa kumhanya runty kubva mukati / etc / inittab uye kwete kubva mumutsetse wemirairo kana kuti mamwe mapurogiramu anoshanda paaimarara angasimirirwa asingatarisirwi (akamira). Ndicho chikonzero (enda kune chikamu chinotevera kana chikonzero nei usina kukosha kwauri). Kana iwe uchingotanga kutaura kuti ttyS1 kubva kumuteyero weimwe murairo, tty1, ipapo ichave ine tty1 se "gwara rekugadzirisa" kunyange zvazvo chairo chairo chinotarisa pane ttyS1. Nokudaro iyo ine chiremera chisina kunaka chekugadzirisa. Asi kana yakatanga mukati mukati meyo inittab faira ipapo ichava ne ttyS1 sechitinha chekutungamirira (chakarurama).
Kunyange zvazvo chigadziro chekutungamirira chisina kunaka, kupinda mu ttyS1 kunoshanda zvakanaka (kubva pawakapa ttyS1 sepikisano kusvika pane). Izvo zviyero zvinowanikwa uye zvakabuda zvinowanikwa ku ttyS1 kunyange zvazvo chiguniti chekutarisira chinoramba chiri t111. Zvimwe mapurogiramu anoshandiswa pa ttyS1 angagara nhaka iyi inowanikwa maitiro / zvakabuda (izvo zvinobatana ne ttyS1) uye zvose zvakanaka. Asi mamwe mapurogiramu angaita chikanganiso chekuedza kuverenga kubva kugwara ravo rekutarisa (tty1) risina kunaka. Zvino tty1 inogona kufunga kuti mapurogiramu aya ari kumhanya mushure mokutenda kuti kuedza kuverenga kubva kuna tty1 (inofanira kunge yaiva ttyS1) inoguma pakugadzirisa nzira yakaedza kuverenga. (Nzira yekutora haibvumirwi kuverenga kubva kugadzirirwo yayo yekugadzirisa.). Iwe unogona kuona mimwe chinhu chakadai: " [1] + Yakamira " pachikona. Panguva ino iwe wakanamatira sezvo iwe usingakwanisi kuwirirana nehutano huri kuedza kutaurirana newe kuburikidza nechigarire chakashata. Zvechokwadi kutiza kubva pane izvi iwe unogona kuenda pane imwe gwara uye uuraye nzira, nezvimwe.
agetty (inogona kunzi gotty)
Muenzaniso unotanga mu / etc / inittab:
S1: 23: respawn: / sbin / getty -L 19200 ttyS1 vt102S1 inobva kuTtyS1. 23 zvinoreva kuti getty inomhanya pakupinda mumhanho ekumhanya 2 kana 3. kushandiswa kunoreva kuti kana kuwana (kana kuti nzira yakatsiva iyo yakafanana nebha) inourawa, kuwanaty inotanga kutanga (respawn) zvakare. / sbin / getty murairo wekuti getty. I -I inoreva Nharaunda (kusazvidza zviratidzo zvemu modem). -h (isina kuratidzwa mumuenzaniso) inoita kuti hardware flow flow control (yakadai sedstty crtscts). 19200 ndiro chiyero chebhaudhi. ttyS1 zvinoreva / dev / ttyS1 (COM2 mu MS-DOS). vt102 ndiyo rudzi rwekugadzirisa uye iyi getty ichaisa mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana TERM ichi chinokosha. Hakuchina mafaira ekugadzirisa. Tora "init q" pane command line mushure mokugadzirisa getty uye unofanira kuona mukana wokupinda.
Agetty & # 39; s self-detection yehutano matambudziko
Purogiramu yeAgetty ichaedza kuongorora motani yakagadzirirwa mukati memugumo (kusanganisira kusafanana). Haibatsiri 8-bit data bytes uye 1-bit parity. Ona 8-bit data bytes (pamwe pamwe). Kana ukashandisa stty kuti uise parity, agetty ichakurumidza kuigadzirisa kubva pakutanga iyo inoda kuti hutano huvepo huuye kana huri data. Izvi ndezvokuti inoda kuwana bhero yekupedzisira (zvichida uhu hutano) apo iwe unyoresa zita rako rekutumira kuitira kuti rigone kuona-mhuka. Nokudaro kana iwe ukashandisa humwe humwe, hugonei mukati memutsetse -terminal uye rega agetty uzvione uye uiise pamakombiyuta. Kana yako terminal inotsigira yakagamuchirwa parity, purogiramu yekutumira ichatarisa kusvika iwe ugoisa chimwe chinhu kuitira kuti getty inogona kuona iyo
parity. Nhanho yakarongedzwa ichadzivisa vashanyi, nezvimwewo kubva pakuedza kupinda. Izvozvo zvinogona kuva izvo zvaunoda.
Pane dzimwe nguva chinetso nekutora motokari yemuviri. Izvi zvinoitika nokuti mushure mekunge maisa zita renyu rekutengesa , agetty inotanga purogiramu yekutangira kuti vapedze kupinda mukati. Nhamo, purogiramu yekutumira haigoni kuona hutano kuitira kuti purogiramu yekutora ikundikwanise kuongorora hutano kana kupinda mukati hakukwanisi kugadzirisa zvimwe. Kana kuedza kwekutanga kwekupinda kwekukundikana, kupinda mukati kuchakutendera kuti uedze zvakare, nezvimwewo (zvose zvine hutano hwakarasika). Pakupedzisira, mushure menguva yakawanda yakakundikana kuedza kupinda (kana mushure mekufamba kwenguva) agetty inotanga zvakare uye kutanga kutaridzika kwekupinda mukati rose zvakare. Kana imwe nguva inenge ichimhanya zvakare, inogona kukwanisa kuona hutano pachiedza chechipiri kuitira kuti zvose zvigone kushanda OK.
Nehutano hwakashata, chirongwa chekupinda hachikwanise kuverenga zvakananga zvaunonyora uye iwe haugoni kupinda. Kana yako terminal inotsigirwa yakagashira hukama, iwe ucharamba uchitarisa chinyorwa chakavharwa. Kana kuwanikwa kunokundikana kutora parity an / etc / issue file inowanzoendeswa kuchikwangwani nguva isati isati yasvika, saka mamwe mazwi akavharidzirwa anogona kuonekwa pachikona.
Sei zvisingakwanisi kugona kutsvaga hutano netsamba yekutanga yakanyorwa? Heino muenzaniso: Ngatitii inotora 8-bit byte nehutano bit bit (yakakwirira-bit bit) uye ine nhamba isingazivikanwe ye-1-bits. Unhu hupi? Zvakanaka, nhamba isinganzwisisiki yezvigaro 1 zvinoreva kuti kusanzwisisika kwakasiyana. Asi zvinogonawo kunge zvichingova 8-bit chimiro pasina unhu. Hapana nzira yakadaro kusvika kure kuziva. Asi kusvika ikozvino tave tabvisa mukana wekuti kunyange mutano. Kuonekwa kwehuMwari kunowedzera nenzira yekuparadza.
Kana iyo yepiri inofanirwa kuenzaniswa yakafanana neyokutanga uye inongopedzawo mukana wekuti kunyange humwe, hazvisakwanisi kuziva hukama. Iyi mamiriro anogona kuramba aripo nekusingaperi uye maitiro asingatomboregi kupindira kunokanganisa kusvikira iwe uchichinja zita rako rekutumira. Kana agetty inowana humwe hutano hwe1 hunofunga kuti iyi ihu hutano uye haisi yepamusoro-soro ye 8-bit character. Izvozvo zvinofungidzira kuti hausashandisi meta-vanhu (yakakwirira bit set) muzita rako rekushandisa (kureva kuti zita rako riri mu ASCII).
Mumwe anogona kupinda mu "login loop" nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Ngatiti iwe unongonyora tsamba imwechete kana maviri nekuda kwezita rako rekutumira uye wobva warova kudzoka. Kana tsamba idzi dzisingakwani kuti kuve nekuonekwa kwevanhu, ipapo kuvhara kunotanga kusati kwave kuonekwa. Dzimwe nguva dambudziko iri rinoitika kana iwe usina dambudziko rekuguma uye / kana kuti rakabatana apo agetty inotanga kutanga.
Kana iwe ukabatanidzwa mune iyi "login loop" nzira yekubuda nayo ndeyokurova kiyi yekudzoka kanoverengeka kusvikira iwe uwane gotty login nokukurumidza. Imwe nzira ndeyokungoita kweminiti kana kuti kwenguva. Zvadaro iyo getty login nokukurumidza ichaiswa pahwindo neprogram ye getty uye iwe ungaedzazve kupinda.
8-bit data bytes (pamwe parity)
Zvinosuruvarisa, kusagadzikana hakugoni kuona hukama huno. Sekupera kwe1999 hazvina chakanaka chekuvhiringidza kuzvidzivirira kwehutano uye saizvozvo kuchaona kusina kukodzera. Chigumisiro ndechokuti nzira yekupinda mukati ichave yakagadziriswa uye hutano huchagadziriswa. Nokudaro hazviratidzika zvisingakwanisi kuedza kushandisa 8-bit data nedhete.
getty (chikamu chekutty_ps)
(Zvizhinji zveizvi zvinobva kuSerial-HOWTO yakaitwa naGreg Hankins)
Nokuda kwekuwana iyi imwe inoda kuti zvose zviise zvinyorwa mufaira yefaira uye uwedzere kuisa mu / etc / inittab . Heano mamwe matanho ekushandisa okushandisa yako terminal yako yaunenge waisa mufaira yefaira / etc / gettydefs .
Cherechedza kuti DT38400, DT19200, nezvimwewo zviri mavara uye zvinofanira kunge zvakafanana iwe unoshandisa mu / etc / inittab .
Kana iwe uchida, iwe unogona kuita getty kudhinda zvinhu zvinonakidza mubhoji bhenner. Mune mienzaniso yangu, ini ndine zita remagetsi uye mutsara wechidimbu wakadhindwa. Iwe unogona kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu: [blockquote
mumvuri = hongu] @B Mazuva ano (akaongororwa panguva iyo @B inoonekwa) bps yakawanda. @D Nyaya yezvino, muna MM / DD / YY. @L Mutsara wakatarwa unowanikwa. @S Izita remagetsi. @T Nguva yezvino, muHH: MM: SS (awa 24). @U Nhamba yezvino inosayirwa-kune vashandisi. Iko kuverenga kwenhamba yezvinyorwa mu / etc / utmp file iyo ine nzvimbo isina-null ut_name munda. @V Kukosha kweVERSION, sekupiwa kwekufa kwefaira. Kuti uratidze imwechete '@' unhu, shandisa '\ @' kana '@@'.Kana wapedza kugadzirisa / etc / gettydefs , unogona kuona kuti syntax yakarurama nokuita:
linux # getty -c / etc / gettydefsIva nechokwadi chokuti hapana mumwe wekutty kana uugetty config file ye serial port iyo yako terminal inowanikwa kune zvakadai se ( /etc/default/{uu}getty.ttyS N kana /etc/conf.{uu}getty.ttyS N ) , sezvo izvi zvingangodaro zvinopesana nekutora zvakashata pane chitubu. Bvisa mafaira akasiyana aya kana achibuda.
Chengetedza yako / etc / inittab faira kuti uite runty pamusuo we serial (uchiisa mumashoko akakodzera emunharaunda yako - chikwata, kasi, uye chinogadzirisa chinonzi terminal):
S1: 23: respawn: / sbin / getty ttyS1 DT9600 vt100 init linux # init qPano, iwe unofanira kuona chirevo chekugumira pachinotora chako. Iwe unofanirwa kurova kudzoka kuti utarise pfungwa yacho.
mgetty
I "m" inomirira modem. Iyi purogiramu inonyanya kuenzaniswa nemamatemu uye semuviri wepakati pe2000 iyo inoda kubhadharwa kuti ishandise iyo yezvinyorwa zvemashoko (kunze kwekuti uchishandisa hardware flow flow - uye iyo inowanzodikanwa tambo yakagadzirwa nemaoko). Nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvekunamatira zvakabatana zvikamu ona "Direct" chikamu chebhuku: mgetty.texi.
Tarisa pamiganhu yekupedzisira ye /etc/mgetty/mgetty.config kune muenzaniso wekugadzirisa iyo kugadzirisa. Kunze kwekuti iwe uchiti "toggle-dtr kwete" ichafunga kuti une modem uye inodonha (negate) iyo DTR pin paPC mukuedza kusina maturo kugadzirisa kusakosha modem. Kusiyana nemamwe gottys, mgetty haisi kuzozvibatanidza pachayo kune chigarire kusvikira mumwe munhu akarova chero kiyi yeiyo yekuguma kuitira kuti uone? nokuda kwechiremera kumusoro kana ps kusvikira izvi zvaitika. Matanda mu / var / log / mgetty / angaratidza maziso mashomanene ekunyevera ayo anoshanda chete kumamamato ayo iwe ungasakurega.
Heano muenzaniso wemutsara wakajeka unoisa mu / etc / inittab:
s1: 23: respawn: / sbin / mgetty-t ttyS1