exec - Invoke subprocess (es)
Zvinyorwa
exec ? switches ? arg ? arg ... ?
Tsanangudzo
Uyu murairo unobata nharo dzaro sechitsanangudzo chimwechete kana kupfuura zvinyorwa zvingaitwa. Nharo dzinotora chimiro cheyero shell pipeline apo gwaro rimwe rinova izwi rimwe remurairo, uye mutemo wega woga unova unoperera.
Kana nharo dzekutanga dzikaita kutanga - zvino dzinoshandiswa semirairo-line switch uye haisi chikamu chekutsanangurwa kwepipeline. Izvi zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa zvino zvakatsigirwa:
-keepnewline
Inochengetedza mutsara wekutsvaga wekutsvaga mune pipeline. Kazhinji mutsetse mutsva unotevera unozobviswa.
-
Marks mugumo we switch. Iyo nharo inotevera iyi ichabatwa seAg yekutanga kunyange iyo inotanga ne - .
Kana g (kana kuti maviri ye arg 's) ine imwe yemafomu anotsanangurwa pasi apa zvino inoshandiswa nekuita kuti udzidzise kubuda kweivo uye zvakabuda pakati pe subprocess (es). Nharo dzakadaro hadzizopfuuridzirwa ku-subprocess (es). Mune mafomu akadai se `` < fileName '' fileName inogona kunge iri mhiri yakasiyana kubva ku `` <'' kana mune imwe nharo isina nzvimbo inopindira (kureva `` < fileName '').
|
Inoparadzanisa mirairo yakasiyana mumapayipi. Mutengo wakabuda wemirairo yapfuura uchaputirwa mukati mekugoverana kwemurairo unotevera.
| &
Inoparadzanisa mirairo yakasiyana mumapayipi. Zvose zviri zviviri zvinokonzerwa nekukanganisa kwakakwana kwemurairo wakambotanga zvichanyorerwa mukati mekugoverana kwemurairo unotevera. Iyi fomu yekudzoka inopfuura mafomu akadai se 2> uye> &.
< fileName
Iyo faira inodanwa nefairaName inosvinudzwa uye inoshandiswa semuongorori wakazara wekutanga murairo muipiyipi.
<@ fileId
FileId inofanirwa kuva mucherechedzo wefaira yakashama, yakadai senhamba yekudzoka kubva pamba yapfuura kuti inotanga . Iyo inoshandiswa seyiyo inowanikwa murairo wekutanga mune pipeline. FileId inofanira kunge yakave yakazarurirwa kuverenga.
<< value
Kukosha kunopfuudzwa kumurairo wekutanga sezvaunowanikwa.
> fileName
Mutengo wakabva pamurairo wekupedzisira unotungamirirwa kune faira inonzi fileName , kubvisa zvinyorwa zvayo zvekare.
2> fileName
Kukanganisa kwakawanda kubva kumitemo yose iri muipiyuta kunonyorerwa kune firi iyo inonzi file Name , iyo inonyora zvayo zviri mukati.
> & fileName
Zvose zviri zviviri kubva mumutemo wekupedzisira uye kukanganisa kwakakwana kubva kumirairo yose yakadzoserwa kune faira inonzi fileName , kuisa zvinyorwa zvayo zvekare.
>> fileName
Nhamba yakabuda kubva kumurairo wekupedzisira yakadzoserwa kune faira inonzi fileName , ichienderera kune iyo panzvimbo yekuisimudza.
2 >> fileName
Kukanganisa kwakawanda kubva kumirairo yose iri muipiyuta kunonyorerwa kune firi iyo inonzi file Name , kuenderera kune iyo panzvimbo yekuisimudza.
>> & fileName
Zvose zviri zviviri kubva mumutemo wekupedzisira uye kukanganisa kwakakwana kubva kumirairo yose yakadzoserwa kune faira inonzi fileName , ichiendesa kune iyo panzvimbo yekuiisa pasi.
> @ fileId
FileId inofanirwa kuva mucherechedzo wefaira yakashama, yakadai senhamba yekudzoka kubva pamba yapfuura kuti inotanga . Nhamba yakabuda kubva kumurairo wokupedzisira yakadzoserwa kune fairaId 's file, iyo inofanirwa kunge yakavhurwa yekunyora.
2> @ fileId
FileId inofanirwa kuva mucherechedzo wefaira yakashama, yakadai senhamba yekudzoka kubva pamba yapfuura kuti inotanga . Kukanganisa kwakakonzerwa kubva kumirairo yose iri muipiyuta kunonyorerwa kune fairaId 's file. Iyo faira inofanirwa kunge yakavhurwa yekunyora.
> & @ fileId
FileId inofanirwa kuva mucherechedzo wefaira yakashama, yakadai senhamba yekudzoka kubva pamba yapfuura kuti inotanga . Zvose zviri zviviri kubva mumutemo wekupedzisira uye kukanganisa kwakakwana kubva mumirairo yose yakadzoserwa kuInd 's file. Iyo faira inofanirwa kunge yakavhurwa yekunyora.
Kana huwandu hwehuwandu hwakasati hwave huri kuendeswa zvakare iyo exec command inodzorera mutengo wakabuda kubva kumurairo wokupedzisira mune pipeline. Kana imwe yemirairo iri muipiyuta ichibuda nenzira isingazivikanwi kana inourawa kana kumira, zvino kuuraya kuchadzoka kukanganisa uye shoko rekukanganisa richabatanidza huwandu hwepipeline hunoteverwa nemashoko ekukanganisa anotsanangura kuguma kusingagumi; iyo errorCode kushanduka ichava nemamwe mashoko pamusoro pekupedzisira kusagadzikana kusina kusangana. Kana imwe yemirairo inyorera kune yakashata kukanganisa faira uye kuti kukanganisa kwakasarudzwa hakusi kutungamirirwa, zvino kuuraya kuchadzoka kukanganisa; iyo mhosho yemashoko ichabatanidza huwandu hwepipeline inowanikwa, inoteverwa nemishumo pamusoro pekuguma kusinganzwisisi (kana pane), inoteverwa nehuwandu hwekanganiso yakabuda.
Kana munhu wekupedzisira wemugumisiro kana mhosho yemashoko ndeye itsvaline iyo iyo tsika inowanzobviswa kubva pamugumisiro kana mhosho. Izvi zvinopindirana nemamwe maitiro eTcl ekudzoka, asingawanzopedzi nemagumo matsva. Zvisinei, kana -keepnewline inotsanangurwa saka itsvaline inotevera inochengetwa.
Kana kuiswa kwemaitiro kusingadzokwi zvakare ne `` <'' kana `` << '' kana `` <@ '' ipapo kuiswa kwemukati kwemurairo wekutanga muipiyamu kunotorwa kubva pane zvinodiwa zvayo zvinowanikwa.
Kana yekupedzisira arg is `` & '' ipapo iyo pipeline ichazadzirwa mushure. Muchiitiko ichi murairo wekuita uchadzoka runyora ruzivo rwacho ndirwo ruzivo rwekushandura kwezvinhu zvose zviri pasi pepipeline. Izvo zvinobuda kubva kumutemo wekupedzisira mune pipeline zvichaenda kune zvinoenderana nemashandiro emitemo kana isina kuiswazve, uye kukanganisa kunobva pamitemo yose iri muipiyipi ichaenda kune faira rekukanganisa faira kunze kwekuiswa zvakare.
Izwi rekutanga mumurairo wega wega rinotorwa sezita rerairo; tilde-replacement inoshandiswa pairi, uye kana chigumisiro chacho chisingatauri zvitsva zvino zvinyorwa muPATH zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana zvinoshandiswa kuti zviitwe nezita rakanzi. Kana zita iri rine slash ndiye rinofanira kureva kune rinogona kuwanikwa rinogona kuwanikwa rinobva pane zvinyorwa zvino. Kwete `` glob '' kuwedzera kana imwe shell-kufanirwa kushandiswa kunoitwa pamashoko ekuraira.
Kutarisa Matambudziko
Windows (zvose zveshanduro)
Kuverenga kubva kana kunyora kunheketi, uchishandisa `` @ fileId '' rumbidzo , harushandi. Paunenge uchiverenga kubva padhekete, shanduro ye-DOS ye-16-bit ichasungirira uye shanduro ye-32-bit ichadzoka pakarepo nemagumo-file. Kana chero rupiro rwekunyora rwakanyora kuchekeri, ruzivo rwacho pane kutumirwa kunonyorera, kana mumwe aripo, kana kuti akarambidzwa.
Iyo Tk console text widget haigadziri chaiyo maitiro IO maitiro. Pasi peTk, paunodzokorora kubva pane zvakapindira, maitiro ose achaona kuguma-kwe-faira; ruzivo rwakadzoserwa kune huwandu hwehuwandu kana huwandu hwekukanganisa hucharasikirwa.
Pamwe mberi kana shure kumashure kunogamuchirwa senzira dzepararadzi dzemashoko kune Tcl mirairo. Paunenge uchiita shanduro, zita remugwagwa rinotsanangurwa kuitira kuti shanduro inogonawo kunge iri mberi kana shure kumashure separaratator ye nzira. Ramba uchiyeuka, zvisinei, kuti maWindows apps anogamuchira mhirizhonga nekumhanya slashes chete sekusarudza delimiters uye backslashes chete mumakwara. Mhedziso chero ipi zvayo kumushandisi iyo inotsanangura zita rekufamba nemafambisi mberi haichazoshanduri kutendeuka kushandisa sarudzo yekudzokera shure. Kana kukakavara kuchiine mberi kunopera separaratator nzira, inogona kana kuti isingazivikanwe sezita remugwagwa, zvichienderana nepurogiramu.
Uyezve, paunodana 16-bit DOS kana Windows 3.X shanduro, mazita ose emigwagwa anofanirwa kushandisa mafupi, cryptic, path path format (p., Kushandisa `` applba ~ 1.def '' pane `` applbakery.default '' ).
Mamwe maviri kana kupfuura mberi kana kumashure anotsemuka mumutsara mumugwagwa unoreva kunyanzvi nzira. Semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kwechinyorwa chemudziyo c c / / ne subdirectory / windows / system inobereka c: // windows / system (maviri inopera pamwe chete), iyo inoreva kureva nzvimbo inonzi system pane machine inonzi windows (uye c: / hazvibvumirwi), uye hazvina kufanana ne c: / windows / system , iyo inotsanangura bhuku pane kombiyuta ino. Iyo faira inobatanidza murairo inofanira kushandiswa kugadzirisa zvikamu zve nzira.
Windows NT
Paunenge uchiedza kuita sarudzo, ita zvese kutsvaga zita racho sezvazvakanga zvataurwa. Zvadaro, zvakagadzirwa, .com , .exe , uye .bat zvinowedzerwa kusvika kumagumo ezita rinotsanangurwa uye rinotsvaga zita refu. Kana zita rekunyoresa risina kutaurwa sechikamu chezita rekushandiswa, zvinyorwa zvinotevera zvinotsvakurudzwa zvakarongeka kana uchiedza kutsvaga shanduro:
Inotora kubva kune iyo Tcl inogona kutevedzwa yakatakurwa.
Ikozvino yeropa.
IWindows NT 32-bit system directory.
IWindows NT 16-bit system directory.
IWindows NT home directory.
Zvinyorwa zvinoratidzwa mumugwagwa.
Kuti iite shell shell construcin mirairo sekutaura uye kukopa , munhu akadanidzira anofanirwa kutarisa `` cmd.exe / c '' kumurairo unoda.
Windows 95
Paunenge uchiedza kuita sarudzo, ita zvese kutsvaga zita racho sezvazvakanga zvataurwa. Zvadaro, zvakagadzirwa, .com , .exe , uye .bat zvinowedzerwa kusvika kumagumo ezita rinotsanangurwa uye rinotsvaga zita refu. Kana zita rekunyoresa risina kutaurwa sechikamu chezita rekushandiswa, zvinyorwa zvinotevera zvinotsvakurudzwa zvakarongeka kana uchiedza kutsvaga shanduro:
Inotora kubva kune iyo Tcl inogona kutevedzwa yakatakurwa.
Ikozvino yeropa.
IWindows 95 system directory.
IWindows 95 home directory.
Zvinyorwa zvinoratidzwa mumugwagwa.
Kuti iite shell shell construcin mirairo sekutaura uye kukopa , munhu akadanidzira anofanirwa kutarisa `` command.com / c '' kumurairo unoda.
Kana imwe nguva ye-16-bit DOS yave ichiverenga maitiro akadai kubva pane console uye wozorega, zvose zvinomhanya zvinoita 16-bit DOS mhinduro dzichaona kuiswa kwakakwana sekunge kwatovharwa. 32-bit zvinyorwa hazvina dambudziko iri uye rinomhanya zvakakodzera, kunyange mushure mekunge 16-bit DOS inofungidzirwa inofunga kuti muyero wekuvhara wakavharwa. Hapana chakazivikanwa chekugadzirisa kwechigadziri panguva ino.
Kudzorerwa pakati peNUL: chigadziro uye svondo 16-bit harisi kushanda nguva dzose. Paunotungamira kubva kuNUL:, mamwe maitiro anogona kunge akarembera, vamwe vachawana ruzivo rusingaperi rwe `` 0x01 '' bytes, uye vamwe vachanyatsowana kuwana kuguma-kwe-file; iyo mafungiro anoita seinovimbiswa pane chimwe chinhu chakakonzerwa muchigadziro chairo pachako. Paunenge uchitarisa hukuru kupfuura 4K kana zvakadaro kune NUL:, mamwe maitiro anoteerera. Zvinetso zviri pamusoro apa hazviitiki ne 32-bit applications.
Zvose DOS 16-bit zvidzidzo zvinoshandiswa zvakafanana. Zvose zvinowanikwa kubva pombi kumushandi we-16-bit DOS inounganirwa mune faira yekanguva; imwe imwe mugumo wepombi inofanira kupfigwa mushure mokunge shanduro ye-16-bit DOS inotanga kuitisa. Zvose zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu kana kuti kukanganisa kubva pakushanda kwe-16-bit DOS kune pombi inounganirwa mumafaira echinguva; shanduro yacho inofanira kupedzisira isati yasvika mafaira epanguva pfupi achitungamirirwa kunzvimbo inotevera yeipiyipi. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nebasa reWindows 95 bug mukushandiswa kwemapapu, uye kuti iyo Windows 95 DOS shell inobata sei mapaipi pachayo.
Zvimwe zvibvumirano, zvakadai se command.com , hazvifaniri kuurayiwa mukati. Zvikumbiro zvinowanikwa zvakananga pawindo rekushandura, pane kuverenga kubva pamagariro avo uye kunyora kune zvavanenge vachiita zvinogona kukundikana, shingai Tcl, kana kuti kunyange shandisai system kana yavo pachavo yega yega yehwindo isingawaniki kwavari.
Macintosh
Mutemo wekuita hauiti uye hausi pasi peMacintosh.
Unix
Mutemo wekuita unoshanda zvakakwana uye unoshanda sezvinotsanangurwa.
Onawo
kukanganisa (n), kuzarura (n)
Mashoko
ita, pipeline, redirection, subprocess
Zvinonyanya kukosha: Shandisa mutemo wevanhu ( % munhu ) kuti uone kuti murairo unoshandiswa sei pane imwe kombiyuta.