Zvamunoda kuziva nezvemafomu eHDR
Nhamba yeTV yazvirumbidza 4K kuratidzira kuratidzira yakaputika, uye nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka, ndiani asingadi mifananidzo yakawanda yeTV?
Ultra HD - Zvinopfuura Kungo 4K Kurudziro
4K chisarudzo chinongova chikamu chimwe chezvazvino zvinonzi iko zvino Ultra HD. Mukuwedzera pakugadzirisa kusarudzwa, kuita kuti vhidhiyo ionekwe zviri nani - hunoita ruvara chimwe chinhu chinowedzera chakashandiswa pane dzakawanda, asi chimwe chimwe chinhu chinovandudza hutano hwemufananidzo zvakajeka kujekesa kwakakwana uye mazinga ekutsvaga semugumisiro wekuwedzera kwekubuda mukati pamwe chete nevhidhiyo processing system inonzi HDR.
Chii chinonzi HDR
HDR inomirira High Dynamic Range .
Nzira iyo HDR inoshanda ndeyokuti pakugadzirisa kusarudzwa kwezvakagadzirwa zvakagadzirirwa mharidzo yepakombiyuta kana yeimba, kujekesa kwakazara / zvakasiyana-siyana zvakatorwa panguva yekudhinda / kupopotera kunyoreswa muchiratidzo chevhidhiyo.
Kana ichinyorwa mumugwagwa, kuparidzirwa, kana pane disc, chiratidzo chacho chinotumirwa kuTV yakavimbiswa-TV, ruzivo rwakarodzwa, uye iHigh Dynamic Range ruzivo runoratidzwa, zvichibva pakuchenekera / kusiyanisa kweTV. Kana TV isingabvumirwi neHRR (inonzi SDR - Standard Dynamic Range TV), inongoratidzira zvidhori pasina Hurukuro Dynamic Range.
Yakawedzerwa ku 4K sarudzo uye yakareba ruvara gamut, TV yakagadzirwa neHDR (pamwe chete nezvakanyorwa zvakanyatsogadziriswa), inogona kuratidza kupenya uye kusiyana kwemasangano pedyo newe unozoona munyika chaiye. Izvi zvinoreva vatsvene vatsva vasina kubhururuka kana kusvibiswa, uye vakadzika midzi vasina muddiness kana kupwanya.
Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uine chiitiko chakanyatsojeka zvinhu uye zvinhu zvakasviba mumutambo mumwechete, zvakadai sezuva, iwe uchaona zvose chiedza chakajeka cheSa uye zvikamu zvakasviba zvechifananidzo chacho nekunzwisisa zvakaenzana, pamwe chete nekunaka kwese mahara mukati.
Sezvo kune nzvimbo yakakura yakawanda kubva kumachena kuenda kune yakasviba, zvinyorwa zvisingawanzoonekwi mune zvose zviri kujeka uye zvimaima zvemufananidzo weTV unoyevedza zviri nyore nyore paTV-enabled enabled TV, izvo zvinopa humwe ruzivo rwekutarisa ruzivo.
Kushandiswa kweHDR kunobata sei Vatengi
HDR inenge iri danho rekushanduka-shanduka mukuvandudza maonero ekuona maTV, asi tarisai, vatengi vari kutarisana nevechina maHRR maitiro makuru anokonzera maTV uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano uye zvigadziro zvekutenga. Aya mavara mana ndeaya:
- HDR10
- Dolby Vision
- HLG (Hybrid Log Gamma)
- Technicolor HDR
Heino chidimbu chidiki chemufananidzo wega wega.
HDR10
HDR10 inovhura mitemo isina hurumende yakabatanidzwa mumaTV ese-compatible, mafirimu ekugamuchira mumba, Ultra HD Blu-ray vatambi, uye vanosarudza vhidhiyo.
HDR10 inofungidzirwa kuti inowanzoenderana nemiganhu yayo inoshandiswa zvakaenzana mune imwe nzvimbo yenyaya. Mune mamwe mazwi, chiyero chepachena chiedza chinoshandiswa mukati mechikamu chezvinhu zvose.
Munguva yekugadzirisa maitiro chinhu chakajeka kupfuura zvimwe zvinosvibisa mumhepo zvinotarirwa, saka kana zvinhu zveHDRR zvinotambidzwa kumashure mamwe mazinga ekujeka, pasinei nokuti kudururwa kana chiitiko chinowanikwa maererano nekushambadzira kwe min uye max ndekwe iyo yose movie.
Zvisinei, muna 2017, Samsung yakaratidza nzvimbo-by-scene nzira yeHDR, iyo inoreva seHRR10 + (isingafaniri kuvhiringidzwa neHRR + iyo ichakurukurwa gare gare munyaya ino). Kungofanana neHDR10, HDR10 + haina ruzivo.
Kubva muna 2017, kunyange zvazvo madivhidhiro ese akawanikwa neHDR10, anoshandisa Samsung, Panasonic, uye 20th Century Fox anoshandisa HDR10 uye HDR10 + chete.
Dolby Vision
Dolby Vision ndiyo inonzi HDR format yakagadzirwa uye inotengeswa neDolby Labs , inosanganisira hardware uye metadata mukushandiswa kwayo. Izvo zvinowedzera zvinodiwa ndezvokuti vateereri vezvigadzirwa, vateresi, uye vanogadzira zvigadziro vanoda kubhadhara Dolby mvumo yekambisi yekushandisa kwayo.
Dolby Vision inofungidzirwa zvakajeka kudarika HDR10 mune kuti zvikamu zvayo zveHCDR zvinogona kunyorwa zviitiko nechiitiko kana fomu-ne-frame, uye inogona kutambidzwa zvakare zvichienderana nehutano hweTV (zvimwe pamusoro pechikamu ichi gare gare). Mune mamwe mazwi, kutamba kunobva paupamhi huripo hunoonekwa pane imwe nzvimbo yekutarisa (yakadai sefomu kana chiitiko) panzvimbo pekukwanisa kusvika kumwero wakakwana weifirimu yose.
Kune rumwe rutivi, nzira iyo Dolby yakagadzira Dolby Vision, mabhizimisi ane mvumo uye akazvigadzirira anotsigira iyo mafaira uye anokwanisa kukwanisa kuongorora zvose Dolby Vision uye zviratidzo zveHRR10 (kana iyi inyanzvi "yakashandurwa" inotenga mutero weTV chaiyo unobatanidzwa), asi terevhizheni inongobvumirana neHRR10 haina kukwanisa kududzira zviratidzo zveDolby Vision.
Mune mamwe mazwi, Dolby Vision TV inokwanisawo kutora HDR10, asi iyo HDR10-chete TV haigoni kutora Dolby Vision. Zvisinei, vazhinji vanopa zvinyorwa zvinosanganisira Dolby Vision encoding mune zvavanenge vachiita zvinowanzobatanidza HDR10 kukodhidza zvakare, kunyanya kugadzirisa maTV anokwanisa kuwanikwa neHDR ayo asingasviki neDolby Vision. Kune rumwe rutivi, kana zvinyorwa zviripo zvinosanganisira Dolby Vision chete uye TV ndiyo HDR10 inobvumirana chete, TV inongoramba ichingoona Dolby Vision encoding uye inoratidza mufananidzo seDVDR (Standard Dynamic Range) image. Mune mamwe mazwi, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, muoni haazobatsiri HDR.
Makambani eTV anotsigira Dolby Vision anosanganisira kusarudza mhando kubva kuLG, Philips, Sony, TCL, uye Vizio. Ultra HD Blu-ray vatambi vanotsigira Dolby Vision vanosanganisira kusarudza mhando kubva paOOP Digital, LG, Philips, uye Cambridge Audio. Zvisinei, zvichienderana nekutengeswa kwezuva, kufanana kwaDolby Vision kunogona kuwedzerwa kuwedzerwa mushure mekutenga kuburikidza ne firmware update.
Pamusoro pezvinoenderana, Dolby Vision inotsigirwa kuburikidza nekushambadzira pane zvinyorwa zvinopiwa paNetflix, Amazon, uye Vudu, uyewo nhamba shoma yemavhidhiyo pa Ultra HD Blu-ray disc.
Samsung ndiyo inonyanya kutengeswa kweTV muAmerica iyo isingatsigiri Dolby Vision. Samsung TVs uye Ultra HD Blu-ray disc vatambi vanotsigira HDR10 chete. Kana ichi chiitiko chichishandura nyaya ino ichavandudzwa maererano.
HLG (Hybrid Log Gamma)
HLG (zita rekuti techie parutivi) i format HDR yakagadzirirwa tambo, satanise uye pamusoro-in-air kutambidzwa kweTV. Yakave yakagadzirwa neJapan yeHNK neBBC Broadcasting Systems asi iine chesheni pasina.
Kubatsira kukuru kweHLG yevaterevhizi veTV uye veneti ndeyokuti yakadzokera shure yakabatana. Mune mamwe mazwi, sezvo bandwidth nzvimbo inotangira vaterevhizheni veTV, vachishandisa fomu yeHDR yakadai seHDR10 kana kuti Dolby Vision haingabvumi vadzimai vema TV vasina maCDR (kusanganisira vasina HD TV) kuti vaone yehudhi yeCDR-encoded, kana kuti anoda mharairi yakasiyana chete nokuda kwekuparadzira HDR yehupenyu - izvo hazvisi mari inoshanda.
Zvisinei, HLG kukodha ndeimwe imwe nhepfenyuro yechirangaridzo inopinza ine ruzivo rwekuwedzera ruzivo kunze kwekudiwa kwemetadata chaiyo, iyo inogona kuiswa pamusoro peiyo purogiramu yeTV. Somugumisiro, zvifananidzo zvinogona kuonekwa pane chero terevhizheni. Kana iwe usina HLG-yakabvumira HDR TV, haingangotaridzi kuwedzera kweHRR layer, saka iwe haugoni kuwana zvikomborero zvekuwedzerwa kushandiswa, asi iwe uchaita mufananidzo we SDR.
Zvisinei, kupera kweiyo HDR nzira ndeyokuti kunyange iyo inopa nzira yekuti SDR uye HDR TVs zvienderane nemasaiti akafanana ekuparidzirwa, hazvipei seyakarurama mhinduro yeHDR kana ichiona zvakafanana ne HDR10 kana Dolby Vision encoding .
HLG kutenderana kuri kuiswa pamitambo yakawanda yeA 4K Ultra HD HDR (kunze kweScams) uye vatambi vemitambo yemusha vanotanga gore ra2007. Zvisinei, hapana HLG-encoded content yakagadziriswa - ino ino ichagadziridzwa maererano nezvinoitika izvi.
Technicolor HDR
Pamakumbo mana makuru eHRR, Technicolor HDR ndiyo isingazivikanwi uye inongoona zvishomanana kuEurope. Pasina kuvharwa mune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, Technicolor HDR inogona kunge yakanyatsogadziriswa sarudzo, sezvo inogona kushandiswa mune zvose zvakanyorwa (kushambadza uye disc) uye terevhizheni materevhizheni eTV. Inogonawo kuiswa nekodhi kushandisa frame-by-frame reference points.
Mukuwedzera, nenzira yakafanana neHLG, Technicolor HDR inodzokera kumashure inofanana neHRR uye yeTV-yakagadzirirwa maTV. Zvechokwadi, iwe uchawana mhinduro yakanakisisa yekuona pane HDR TV, asi kunyange SDR TV dzinogona kubatsirwa kubva pakuwedzera kwehutano, zvichienderana nemirairi yavo, kusiyana, uye kupenya simba.
Ichokwadi kuti Technicolor HDR chiratidzo chinogona kuonekwa muDSR inoita kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kune vose vanogadzira zvigadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvevashandi, uye vaterevhizi veTV. Technicolor HDR isiri yehupfumi yakasununguka iyo inobhadharwa kune chero ani zvake wekupa zvinhu uye vanoita TV kuti vashandise.
Tone Mapping
Imwe yezvinetso pakushandisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana eHRR paTV ndeyechokwadi kuti haisi yose maTV ane maitiro akafanana ekubuda kwezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, TV yakakwirira-yakagadzirwa neHRR inogona kukwanisa kubudisa zviyero zvinokwana 1 000 zvechiedza (zvakadai semamwe ekupedzisira-LED / LCD TV), asi vamwe vangave vane mazana 600 kana 700 nits chiedza chinobuda (OLED uye pakati pekambani LED / LCD TV), nepo mamwe mahara-e-HDR-akashandiswa LED / LCD TV anogona kungobuda anenge 500 nits.
Somugumisiro, imwe nzira, inozivikanwa seTone Mapping inoshandiswa kugadzirisa kusiyana uku. Chii chinoitika ndechokuti metadata yakaiswa mune rimwe firimu kana purogiramu yakadzoserwa kune maTV. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kubwinya kweterevhizheni kunotorwa mukufungisisa uye kugadziriswa kunoitwa kuti kuwedzere kupenya uye zvose zvemashoko akajeka aripo, pamwe chete nemashoko uye ruvara runezvino mumetadata yepakutanga maererano nehuwandu hweTV. Somugumisiro, kupenya kwepamusoro kwakanyorwa mumetadata hakushambidzwe kunze apo kuratidzirwa paTV neine kuderera kwekubuda kwekwanisi.
SDR-ku-HDR Upscaling
Sezvo kuwanikwa kwehuwandu hweHDR-encoded hahuwandise, Mitauro yakasiyana-siyana yeTV iri kuisa chokwadi chekuti mari yakawanda yevatengi vanopedza muTV yakagadzirirwa neHRR haina kuparadza nekubatanidza SDR-to-HDR kutendeuka. Samsung inonyora sarudzo yavo seHRRR + (isingafaniri kuvhiringidzwa neHRR10 + yakakurukurwa kare), uye Technicolor inonyora hurongwa hwavo seIndelligent Tone Management.
Zvisinei, sezvakaitwa nekugadzirisa upscaling uye 2D-to-3D kutendeuka, HDR + uye SD-ku-HDR kutendeuka hazvipei mhinduro yakarurama seyiwo HDR content. Ichokwadi, zvimwe zvingangoita zvingaita sokuti zvakashambidzwa kana kuti zvisina kufanana kubva pachiitiko kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo, asi inopa imwe nzira yekushandisa nayo maTV anovhenekera maTV '. HDR + uye SDR-to-HDR kutendeuka kunogona kuvharwa kana kubviswa sezvaidiwa. SDR-to-HDR upscaling inonziwo Inverse Tone Mapping.
Mukuwedzera kune SD-to-HDR upscaling, LG inoshandisa nzira iyo inoreva seHush HDR kushandiswa mune imwe nhamba yeTV yakagadzirwa neHRR iyo inowedzera panhandare-ne-scene kujekesa kutsvaga kune zvose HDR10 neHLG zvakagadzirwa, zvinovandudza kunyora kweiyo miviri miviri.
The Bottom Line
Kuwedzerwa kweHDR kunonyanya kusimbisa kuonekwa kweTV uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana ataurwa uye zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa kwose kwose pahurukuro, kubudiswa, uye kuparidzirwa, vatengi vanozvigamuchira sezvavanenge vakambofambira mberi ( kunze kwekuda kwe 3D ).
Kunyange zvazvo HDR iri kushandiswa chete pamwe chete ne 4K Ultra HD yakagadzikana, teknolojia ndiyo chaiyo yakasununguka yekugadzirisa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, nenzira yepamusoro, inogona kushandiswa pane dzimwe zviratidzo zvekugadzirisa mavhidhiyo, angave 480p, 720p, 1080i, kana 1080p. Izvi zvinorevawo kuti kuva ne 4K Ultra HD TV hakurevi kuti zvinoreva HDR-inobatanidza - Muvhidhiyo weTV anofanira kuita chisarudzo chekutaura kuisanganisira.
Zvisinei, kusimbiswa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa nevatengi uye vatsigiri vave kushandiswa kweHDR mukati me 4K Ultra HD platform. Nekuwanikwa kwemasina 4K ultra HD TV, DVD, uye mitambo yakawanda yeBlu-ray disc inopera, uye nehuwandu hwe 4K Ultra HD TVs pamwe nekuwedzera kwenhamba yeA Ultra HD Blu-ray Players iripo, pamwe chete nekuuya kwekushandisa yeATSC 3.0 TV kuparidzira , nguva uye mari yekutsvaga kwehutano hweHRR inonyatsokodzera kuwedzera kukosha kwe 4K Ultra HD zvakagadzirwa, zvigadzirwa zvekushandisa, uye maTV.
Kunyangwe mune ikozvino yekutsvaga kwekutsvaga pane zvinoita seine zvakawanda zvekuvhiringidzika, usavhunduka. Chinhu chikuru chinofanira kuchengeta mupfungwa ndechokuti kunyange zvazvo kune humwe hunyengeri hwehutano hwakasiyana pakati pemhando imwe neimwe (Dolby Vision inofungidzirwa ine makanho mashomanana kusvikira zvino), maitiro ese eHDR anopa kuwedzera kukuru muhutano hwekuona TV.