Muchidimbu Tarisa Zviitiko Zvikuru Munhoroondo yeInternet
Kuti unzwisise kubuda kwewebhu maitiro, zvinobatsira kunzwisisa nhoroondo yeInternet uye kuti yakashanduka sei pane izvo vamwe vanonzi mambakwedza e Age of Information.
Nhoroondo yangu yeInternet yakatanga mukudengwa kwa198 pandakazonyora mukoroji semudzidzi weComputer Science Engineering. Panguva ino, kushandiswa kunoshandiswa kweInternet kunogona kunge kwakanyatsotsanangurwa sevadzidzi vekoroji vachienda. Zvechokwadi, yaive nemashandisirwo anokosha, asi panewo nguva dzakawanda dzakasara dzakashandiswa muInternet relay chat nzira nevadzidzi vachichinjana pfungwa dzakanaka kudaro sezvavakanga vachitarisa paTV uye izvo zvavaiva nazvo kwekudya.
Munguva iyi yeInternational history, basa rakakurumbira rakanga riri kutumira mameseji emifananidzo kuburikidza ne email. Izvi zvakanga zvisati zvaitika kare mafirimu akabatwa neInternet, uye chinyorwa chinyorwa chakazara neAscII zviratidzo (kureva mavara akadai se 'X' uye 'O') akashandiswa kugadzira mufananidzo. Mufananidzo unonyanya kufambidzana wakapoteredza wakanga uri mufananidzo mukuru we spam, pasina mubvunzo kutaura kune yakakurumbira Monty Python skit. Mufananidzo uyu, pamwe chete nevadzidzi vachidzoka vachidzokorora shoko rokuti 'SPAM' mumagariro ehurukuro, vakagadzirisa shoko mumashanduriro edu sezvinyorwa zvese zvisingabvunzi kana mifananidzo inotumirwa kuburikidza ne email kana kutumirwa pamabhodi emashoko.
Nhoroondo yeInternet - Kutanga Kwayo Kutanga
Pasinei nenhema yakakurumbira, inhau yeInternet haitanga neAl gore kushumira kunze kumusangano. Indaneti yaiva kushanduka kwemakombiyuta ekutengesa makombiyuta akatanga pamakore ekuma makumi mashanu, akashandura kuchinja muna 1969 apo ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) yakabatanidza UCLA kuStanford Research Institute's Augmentation Research Center, uye yakatanga kushanda muna 1983 apo vose vakagadzikana kusvika kuAarpaneti vakashandurwa kuTCP / IP.
Saka, nzvimbo yeInternet inotangira kupi? Icho chinhu chaicho chikonzero chekufunga uye chinonyanya kubva pane izvo munhu anofunga kuti akaita chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. Pamwe, ndaizodana 1969 kutanga kwayo kuzvininipisa uye muna 1983 kutanga kwehurumende. IInternet inotarirwa purogiramu yakadii yekombiyuta kugoverana mashoko, uye iyo protocol yepamutemo yakatangwa muna 1983.
Nhoroondo yeInternet - A Tale of Two Networks
IInternet yakabva pane zvinopfuura zvikoro uye hurumende dzinobatanidza makombiyuta avo pamwe chete kuburikidza neprotocol inonzi TCP / IP . Ikoko kwakanga kune imwezve inotakura mumasangano muma1980 iyo yakaitawo chikamu: iyo nhovo yebhodhi.
Bulletin Board Systems (BBSs) yakave yakakurumbira - kunyanya pakati pekombiki geeks - pakati pemakore makumi masere nemakumi matatu apo mamemikari akatengeswa zvakakwana zvakakwana kuti munhu akaenzana azviwane. Aya maBhSs epakutanga aimhanya pa 300 baud modems ayo akanga anononoka kuti iwe unogona kuona zvakananga rugwaro rwakanyorwa kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi sezvinonzi mumwe munhu ari kuisa. (Kutaura zvazviri, yakanga ichireruka kupfuura vamwe vanhu.)
Sezvo modem yakava nokukurumidza, Bulletin Board Systems yakava hurukuro dzakakurumbira uye dzekutengeserana seCompuServe uye America Online yakatanga kubuda. Asi vazhinji BHSs vaishandiswa nevanhu vari pakombiyuta yavo uye vakasununguka kushandisa. Mukupera kwema80, apo mamemikari yakava nokukurumidza zvakakwana kuti avatsigire, idzi BHS dzakatanga kusika yavo pacheche shoma kuburikidza nekudana uye kuchinjana mharidzo.
Aya maforamu ehurumende akanga asina kusiyana zvakanyanya pane maforamu pano paNext.com. Vakabvumira vanhu pasi rose kuti vafunge mumapato uye vashandure mashoko. Zvechokwadi, mashomanana emashoko emapuraneti akatarisa nyika sezvo kushevedza imwe nyika kuchinjana mharidzo yakanga yakadhura kune vanhu vakawanda.
Mukutanga kwema 90, vazhinji vezviBSS vakatanga kutarisana neInternet kutsigira email. Sezvo Indaneti ichikura mukududzirwa, idzi BBSs dzepachivande dzakatanga kuparara, nepo bhizimusi reBSS rakafanana neAmerican Online rakabatanidzwa neInternet. Asi, nenzira dzakawanda, mweya weBSS unoramba uri mumhando yemapuraneti anozivikanwa pamusana peInternet.
IInternet Inosvika Pasi
Nhoroondo yeInternet yekutanga yakatungamirirwa nemasangano ehurumende uye nyika yezvidzidzo. Muna 1994, Indaneti yakawanda. The Mosaic web browser yakabudiswa gore rakapfuura, uye kufarira kwevanhu kwakashandurwa kune izvo zvaimbova nzvimbo yezvidzidzo uye teknolojia geeks. Mamwe mapeji akatanga kutenderera, uye vanhu kwose kwose vakatanga kugona mikana yakawanda yenhare yakabatana yakapararira pasi rose.
Aya mawebsite epakutanga akanga akafanana nedhiyabhorosi yeshoko rinopindirana kupfuura chero chimwe chinhu, asi akabatanidzwa nekufarirwa kwemaimeri, nhare dzeInternet relay chat neBSS-centric message board, vakazova nzira yakanaka yevanhu kuti varambe vachibatana neshamwari nemhuri nebhizimisi kuti vasvike vanhu vakawanda.
Iyi webhuputi yakauya nayo iyo yevekutsvaga hondo seNetscape neInternet Explorer yakaitora kuti ive yehutano hwehutori hwevanhu. Uye, nenzira dzakawanda, hondo yekutsvaga inoenderera mberi neNetscape inopinda mumumvuri uye Mozilla's Firefox ichikurumidza semakwikwi kuMicrosoft web browser.
Mawebsite epakutanga aiva nzira yakanaka yekutsinhanisa mashoko, asi HTML (Mutauro weHypertext Markup) yakanyanya kwazvo pane zvaingaita. Icho chiri pedyo zvikuru neshoko rinoshandiswa pane izwi rekushandiswa kwekushandiswa, saka hutsva hutsva hwakabuda huchigona kubatsira mabhizinesi kuita zvakawanda neInternet. Iyi mitambo yakabatanidza mitauro-yechirungu-soro yakadai seAsp uye PHP uye makambani ekutsvaga shanduro seJava, JavaScript, uye ActiveX.
Yakanga iri kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwezvinhu izvi zvemabhizimisi kuti mabhizimisi angakunda kukwana kwe HTML uye kugadzira web applications . Basa rakajeka iro vanhu vakawanda vakayambuka ndiro motokari yekutengesa, iyo inotitendera kuronga zvatinoda pane webhu pane kutsvaga kuchitoro. Uye vanhu vazhinji vakatendeukira kuInternet kuti vaite mitero panzvimbo pokuzadza zvose zvezvipenzi zvemafesheni.
Zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti nyika yebhizimisi yakanga iri kutyisa kwekugadzirisa kwakapiwa kunowanikwa neInternet uye kuti kutya kwakakurumidza kuendeswa kuvasimari. Makambani eIndaneti (anonzi Dot-Coms) akatanga kubuda ari kuruboshwe uye kurudyi apo makambani akaita seAmazon.com akave akakosha kudarika vamwe vavo vekare saSears naRobuck kunyange dai vakanga vasina kutumira mari.
Kuwa kweInternet
IInternet uye 'dot-com bubble' yakaita kuti hupfumi hwekudzivirira hurumende huendese mberi kwekutengesa mitengo yekambani kumakambani asina purogiramu kuvatsigira. Dot-com startups yakava dime gumi nemaviri, imwe neimwe inouya nechivimbiso chekuvhara paIndaneti pie.
Pakupedzisira, mumwe munhu aizouya kuInternet kune chokwadi, uye izvi zvakaitika muna 2000 apo teknolojia-iyo nzara yeNASDAQ yakaratidza kupfuura 5 000. Uye, kufanana nehukama hwakawanda, kurwisana kuduku pakati peInternet uye chokwadi chakashandurwa kuva hondo huru kusvikira, muna 2001, vaine kusawirirana kwakakura uye muna 2002 vakanga vasarudza kuidana kuti inopera.
Web 2.0
Nevanhu vadzokera kune chaicho, Indaneti sekusimiswa kwakasimba kwakabuda zvakare muna 2003 uye yakaramba ichingowedzera. Yakashongedzerwa neukombiyuta yakafanana neJava, Flash, PHP, ASP, CGI, .NET, nezvimwewo, mamiriro matsva ekutambisa mitambo yakatanga kuwedzera pakuzivikanwa.
Nzvimbo dzehutano hwemasangano haisi chinhu chitsva. Vakagara kwenguva yakareba musati paIndaneti uye vakadzokera kumangwanani evanhu. Kana iwe wakambove weboka revamwe shamwari kana kuti 'clique', iwe wakanga uri wevanhu vanogara panzvimbo.
Mitambo yepaIndaneti yave ichishandisa kwemazana nemakore 'masangano' uye 'shamwari dzinoronga' kubatsira kubatanidza vatambi kune vamwe vatambi. Social Networking website yakadzoka pakati pemakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemawebsite akaita se classmates.com. Asi vakauya mberi kwewebhu pa 2005 apo Myspace yakamuka mukududzirwa.
Social Bookmarking, Social Networking, uye mafashamba ekubudirira akawedzera kuWeb 2.0 . Nhasi, Webhupu 2.0 inonyanya kushandisa nguva yekutsvaga uye inogona kushandiswa kurondedzera chero kubva kune 'kushandiswa kwetsva' yeInternet inotanga kuburikidza nekududzirwa kwemablogi uye RSS feeds kumashandisirwo emagetsi uye nzira dzakadai seSocial Networking uye AJAX kuunza pamwe chete new user experience.
Kudai taizova teknolojia, webhu nhasi inonyatsorondedzerwa se'Webhu 3.0 'kana' WebWeb 4.0 ', asi ichibatanidza huwandu hwehuwandu hwemhando kune chero bhizimisi rakanaka pane zvakanaka.
Zvatinogona kutaura ndezvokuti webhu huri kuchinja sezvo vanhu vakawanda vanoshandisa Indaneti kuti vauane neshamwari nemhuri, kusangana nevanhu vatsva, kugovana ruzivo, uye kuita bhizinesi.
Kana ndaifanira kutsanangura zvakanakisisa chiitiko chinonzi 'Web 2.0', ndingati sechikwata chatinoshandisa Indaneti sechishandiso, uye iye zvino sevanhu, tiri kuwirirana neInternet. Zviri kuve chikamu chedu uye chikamu chekuti tinorarama sei panzvimbo pechinhu chimwe chete chatinoshandisa semhando.