Dzidza Nzira Yokunyora Zvakanaka-Yakagadzirirwa uye Inofanirwa XML
Dzimwe nguva zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti unganyora sei XML yakaumbwa nekuona muenzaniso. IWebhu Munyori wepepanhau rakanyorerwa uchishandisa fomu yeXML - Ndinoiidza AML kana About Language Markup (enda mufananidzo!). Kunyange zvazvo iri ibhuku rinoshanda, haisi chairo chakagadzirwa zvakanaka kana chechimiro cheChmL.
Zvakanyatsogadzirirwa
Pane mimwe mirairo chaiyo yekuumba chinyorwa chakaumbwa che XML:
- Mutemo we XML unofanirwa kuuya pakutanga mumagwaro ose.
- Mhinduro haisi yakakodzera mukati memutakiti. Mhinduro dzingave dzisingabatanidzi mbiri mumutsara, kunze kwekutanga uye kuguma kwemashoko.
- Matambi anofanira kunge ane magumo ekupedzisira, kana kuti akavharwa mukati me tag singleton pachayo, somuenzaniso
. - Zvinhu zvose zvemashoko zvinofanira kutaurwa, zvichida zvinyorwa zviviri kunze kwekuti chirevo chacho pachacho chine kaviri kadhi.
- Zvose zvinyorwa zve XML zvinofanira kunge zvine chimwe chinhu chakanyatsokonzera zvimwe zvinhu zvose.
Pane matambudziko maviri chete nedhidziso inoita kuti irege kuumbwa zvakanaka:
Chinhu chokutanga icho chirongwa che AML chinoda chirevo cheku XML chirevo.
Imwe dambudziko nderokuti hapana chimwe chinhu chinopinza zvachose zvimwe zvinhu zvose. Kugadzirisa izvi, ini ndichawedzera chimwe chinhu chekunze chinhu:
Kuita izvozvo zviviri zviri nyore kuchinja (uye kuve nechokwadi kuti zvinhu zvose zviri neCDATA chete) zvichatsausa chirevo chisina kunyatsogadzirirwa mumagwaro akaumbwa zvakanaka.
Chirongwa che XML chakakodzera chinogamuchirwa pamusoro pe Document Document Definition (DTD) kana XML Schema. Aya ndiwo maitiro emitemo yakagadzirwa nemusununguri kana sangano rinoshandiswa rinotsanangura semantics yehurukuro yeXML. Izvi zvinoudza kombiyuta kuti chii chaunofanira kuita nekunyorera.
Munyaya ye Mutauro weAlly Markup, sezvo iyi isiri mutauro waXML wakafanana, wakafanana neHTML kana SMIL, DTD ingasikwa nemusunguri. Izvo DTD ingangodaro ichange iri pane imwechete seyadhi ye XML, uye inotsanangurwa pamusoro pebhuku racho.
Usati watanga kuumba DTD kana Schema yemagwaro ako, unofanira kuziva kuti kuburikidza nokuve wakagadzirwa zvakanaka, chirongwa che XML chiri kuzvitsanangura, uye naizvozvo hachidi DTD.
Semuenzaniso, nehurukuro yedu yakagadzirwa ye AML, pane mazita anotevera:
Kana iwe uine ruzivo neWebhu Munyori wepepanhau, unogona kuona zvikamu zvakasiyana zvepepanhau. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kwazvo kugadzira zvinyorwa zvitsva zve XML vachishandisa zvakafanana maitiro. Ndinoziva kuti ini nguva dzose ndaizoisa zita rakakwana rakazara mumutambo, uye chikamu chekutanga URL mu tag.
DTDs
Kana iwe uchida kutora chirongwa chakakodzera che XML, kana kushandisa sarudzo kana kuti kuigadzirisa, iwe unogona kuisanganisira mumagwaro ako nekate. Mutsamba uyu, unotsanangura mutemo weChmL uri mudhipatimendi, uye nzvimbo yeDTD (kazhinji kabudiro URI). Semuyenzaniso:
Chimwe chinhu chakanaka pamusoro pekuzivisa kweDTD ndechokuti iwe unogona kuzivisa kuti DTD inzvimbo yepamutemo apo gwaro re XML rine "SYSTEM". Iwe unogonawo kuratidza kune DTD yevanhu vose, yakadai ne HTML HTML document:
Paunoshandisa zvose zviri zviviri, iwe uri kuudza dhigirii kuti ushandise DTD chaiyo (chiziviso chevanhu vose) uye kupi kuti uiwane iyo (inozivikanwa yehurongwa).
Pakupedzisira, unogona kusanganisira mukati reDTD zvakananga mumagwaro, mukati meTCTCT. Somuenzaniso (iyi haisi DTD yakakwana yedhipatimendi re AML):
< ! ENTITY meta_keywords (#PCDATA)> ]>XML Schema
Kuti uite gwaro rakakodzera re XML, unogona kushandisawo chikwata che XML Schema kuti ujekese XML yako. XML Schema ibhuku re XML rinotsanangura zvinyorwa zve XML. Dzidza kuti unganyora sei schema.
Cherechedza
Kungongotaurira DTD kana XML Schema hazvina kukwana. IXML iyo iri mubhuku rinofanira kutevera mitemo iri muDTD kana Schema. Kushandisa mutsigiri anogadzirisa inzira inoshandiswa yekuongorora kuti XML yako inotevera mitemo yeDTD. Unogona kuwana vakawanda vakadaro paIndaneti.