An operating system (OS) chirongwa chinokubvumira kuti utaure nekombiyuta - yese software ne hardware pamakombiyuta yako. Sei?
Chaizvoizvo, kune nzira mbiri.
- Uine urongwa-mutsara wekushandisa (semuenzaniso, DOS), unonyora mutemo wemashoko uye kombiyuta inopindura maererano nemurairo iwoyo.
- Nechinhu chinonyanya kushandiswa (GUI) chekushandisa (sewe, Windows), unosangana nekombiyuta kuburikidza nemashandisirwo emifananidzo nemifananidzo uye mabhatani uchishandisa mouse uye keyboard.
Ne Unix iwe unowanzo sarudzo yekushandisa kana mutsetse wemirairo (kunyanya kutonga uye kuchinja) kana GUI (zviri nyore).
Unix vs. Windows: Nyaya yeMakwikwi uye Ramangwana
Microsoft Windows uye Unix ndiwo mapoka makuru maviri emashandisirwo ekushanda. Iko Unix kombiyuta yekushanda yekodhi yakashandiswa kwemakore anopfuura makumi matatu. Pakutanga yakasimuka kubva pamadota ekuedza kwakakundikana mukutanga kwema1960 kuti tive nekutendeseka kwemasikatiring operating system. Vakapukunyuka vashomanana kubva kuBell Labs havana kukanda uye vakagadzira hurongwa hwakapa nzvimbo yebasa yakatsanangurwa se "yezvisiri nyore, simba, uye kukwirira".
Kubva kuma1980 Unix's main competitor, Windows yakave yakakurumbira nekuda kwesimba rinowedzera kuwedzera kwe micro-computers neIntel-compatible processors (CPUs), iyo inzvimbo iyo Windows yakagadzirirwa. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura, zvisinei, shanduro itsva yeUnix inonzi Linux, zvakare yakanyatsokurudzirwa ye micro-computers, yakabuda. Inogona kuwanikwa nokuda kwekusununguka uye, saka, sarudzo yakakosha kune vanhu uye mabhizimusi mubhajheji.
Pane seva mberi, Unix yave ichipfiga mugovera weMicrosoft. Muna 1999, Linux yakadarika Novell's Netware kuti ive yeN2 2 server operating system shure kweWindows NT. Muna 2001 mugove wekambani yeHinux operating system yaiva 25 muzana; dzimwe Unix flavors 12 muzana. Pamberi pemakambani, Microsoft iri kutonga mumakemikari emashandisi ekushanda uye ine mari inopfuura 90% yemusika.
Nemhaka yeMicrosoft yakashambadzira maitiro ekutengeserana, mamiriyoni evashandisi vasingazivi kuti chirongwa chekushandisa chakashandisa sei maWindows operating systems akapiwa kwavari pavakatenga PC dzavo. Vamwe vakawanda havazive kuti kune maitiro anoshanda kunze kweWindows. Iwe, kune rumwe rutivi, uri pano uchiverenga nyaya ino uye zvichida uchiedza kuita zvisarudzo zvisingaiti kushandiswa kwemusha kana kusangano rako. Mukudaro, iwe unofanirwa kupa Unix yako kuongorora, kunyanya kana zvinotevera zvakakosha munzvimbo yako.
Kubatsirwa kwe Unix
- Unix inonyanya kushanduka uye inogona kuiswa pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemichina, kusanganisira mainframe makombiyuta, vanokudzwa, uye micro-kombiyuta.
- Unix yakanyanyogadzikana uye haifaniri kuenda pasi nguva dzose apo Windows inobata, saka inoda kuderedzwa kwekutonga nekugadzirisa.
- Unix ine huru yakagadzirirwa muchengeteka uye zvibvumirano zvinopfuura Windows.
- Unix ine simba guru rinoshandiswa kushanda pane Windows.
- Unix ndiye mutungamiri mukushanda paWebhu. Inenge 90% yeIndaneti inotsigira Unix yekushanda maitiro anoshanda paApache, iyo inoshandiswa zvikuru yeWeb server rese, iyo isingabhadhari.
- Kuvandudzwa kweIndaneti kubva kuMicrosoft kunoda kuti mutengi atenge zvitsva kana hardware yakawanda kana yepamutemo software. Izvo hazvisizvo na Unix.
- Izvo zvinoshandiswa pachena kana zvisingabatsiri zvakasununguka zvekushanda, zvakadai seLinux ne BSD, nekunatswa uye kugadzirisa, zvinoratidza kuti zvinokwezva zvikuru kune (aspiring) wizdiyuta. Vakawanda vevanhu vakachenjera zvikuru vanogadzira nyika-ye-in-art software pasina chekuita nokuda kwekukurumidza-kukura "kusununguka-kutama-shanduka".
- Unix inoshandurawo nzira inoenderana neyekugadzira software, zvakadai sokugadzirisa matambudziko kuburikidza nekubatanidza zvishandiso zvisiri nyore panzvimbo yekugadzira mapurogiramu makuru ezvidzidzo zvemaolitik.
Yeuka , hapana imwe chete yehutachiona yehutano inokwanisa kupa mhinduro dzepasi rose kune zvese zvese zvekombiyuta. Izvi ndezvekusarudza uye kuita zvisarudzo zvakadzidziswa.