Maererano neWikipedia, metacharacter inomunhu chero upi zvake ane zvaanoreva, zvakadai se carat (^), chikwangwani chemadhora ($) kana ansterisk (*).
Mukutaura kweLinux, pane nhamba yakakwana yemasayracterters aya uye zvarinoreva zvinopesana zvichienderana nemirairo ipi kana chirongwa chauri kuita.
The Full Stop As A Metacharacter (.)
Nzvimbo yekuzvininipisa yakakwana inoshandiswa kugovera nzvimbo iripo ikozvino kana uchishandisa mirairo yakadai se cd , kuwana kana sh asi mukati memashandisirwo akadai se awk , grep uye sed iyo inoshandiswa kuratidza chero munhu.
Semuenzaniso, murairo unotevera uchatora zvose mafirimu mp3 mune ino faira iri uye pasi.
ona. -name * .mp3
Kana iwe uchimhanya mutemo iwoyo uripo iko kushanda sarudzo (pwd) ipapo iwe uchazogadzirisa mhinduro dzakadzorerwa, uchifunga kuti iwe uchengetedze mafaira ako mp3 mumhanzi folda mukati meimba yako yefaira.
Zvino tarira mutemo uyu:
ps -ef | grep f..efox
Ita yep ps inonyora zvose zvinoshandiswa pakombiyuta yako. Mutemo wekurota unotora mitsara yekugovera nekutsvaga mufananidzo.
Nokudaro murairo we-ps -ef unotora mhando yekushandura maitiro uye unoapa ku grep iyo inotsvaga chero mutsara mune urongwa hune f..fox pane iyo. rinogona kureva chero unhu.
Kana iwe uine motofox inomhanya iwe uchawana mukana. Saizvozvowo, kana iwe une purogiramu inonzi fonefox kana freefox inoshanda iyo ichadzorerwa zvakare.
The asterisk se metacharacter (*)
Iyo asterisk ndiyo metaracracter inozivikanwa zvikuru munyika yose uye inoshandiswa kureva 0 kana kupfuura kana ichitsvaga muenzaniso.
Semuyenzaniso:
ona. -name * .mp3
The * .mp3 rinodzorera mutsara kune chero filename inopera mu .mp3. Saizvozvowo, ndingadai ndakashandisa asterisk nemirairo yegrop sezvinotevera zvinoratidza:
ps -ef | grep F * efox
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti izvi zvakasiyana zvishoma nokuti asterisk zvinoreva zero kana kupfuura uye pamwe nekuwana motofox, facefox uye fonefox inogonawo kuwana flutefox, ferretfox uye kunyange fefox chete.
The Carat As A Metacharacter (^)
Iyo carat (^) inoshandiswa kuratidza kutanga kwemutsara kana tambo. Saka inoshandiswa sei?
Mutemo we ls unoshandiswa pakonyora mafaira ose mufaira sezvinotevera:
ls
Kana iwe uchida kuziva mafaira ose mufaira iyo inotanga neimwe tambo yakadai se "gnome" ipapo carat inogona kushandiswa kutsanangura iyo tambo.
Semuyenzaniso:
ls | grep ^ gnome
Cherechedza kuti izvi zvinongorongedza mafaira anotanga nekunaka. Kana iwe uchida mafaira ane gnome mu filename kupi zvako iwe unodzokerazve kudzokera kune asterisk.
Muchirevo chiri pamusoro apa, ls inodzorera runyora rwemafaira uye inopfuura iyo inoratidzira kune grep inoshandiswa pakufananidza kufanana. Grep anoziva kuti chiratidzo che carat chinoreva kuwana chinhu chinotanga nevanhu hunouya shure kwacho uye munyaya iyi, iyo inotyisa.
The Dollar Symbol SezvaA Metacharacter ($)
Chiratidzo chemadhora chinogona kuva nezvinoreva zvakawanda se metacharacter mukati me Linux.
Kana inoshandiswa kufanana nemararamiro zvinoreva zvinopesana ne carat uye zvinoreva chero chimiro chinopera nemumwe mutambo.
Semuyenzaniso:
ls | grep png $
Izvi zvinonyora mafaira ose anoguma ne png.
Chiratidzo chemadhora chinoshandiswawo kuwana hutsika dzakasiyana-siyana mukati me bash bash shell.
Semuyenzaniso:
export dog = molly
echo $ mbwa
Imbwa inotengeserana imbwa = molly inogadzira shanduko yakasiyana-siyana inonzi mbwa uye inoisa kukosha kwayo ku molly. Kuwana nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa $ $ inoshandiswa. Neye $ inofanirwa echo $ imbwa chirevo inoratidza molly asi isina iyo, chirevo chechoku chikwata chinongoratidza izwi imbwa.
Anopukunyuka Metacharacters
Dzimwe nguva haudi kuti metacharacter ive nechinangwa chaicho. Ko kana iwe une faira inonzi f.refox uye faira inonzi firefox.
Zvino tarira mutemo unotevera:
ls | grep f.refox
Unofunga kuti chii chinodzorerwa? Zvose f.refox uye firefox zvinodzorerwa nokuti zvose zviri zviviri zvinopindirana nemuenzaniso.
Kuti udzoke f.refox iwe unenge uchinge watiza kumira zvakakwana kuti ureve kumira zvakakwana sezvinotevera:
ls | grep f \\ refox
MaMasacharacter Anowanzoenderana Nezvavanoreva
| Unhu | Meaning |
| . | Chero chimiro |
| * | Zero kana vamwe vanhu |
| ^ | Tanidza chero mutsara kana tambo inotanga nemuenzaniso (kureva ^ gnome) |
| $ | Chengetedza chero mutsara kana tambo inopera nemuenzaniso (ie gnome $) |
| \ | Anodzinga humi hunotevera kuti abvise zvarinoreva |
| [] | Shandisa rimwe runyorwa kana rutivi (kureva ["abc", "def"] kana [1..9] |
| + | Match one or more before (ie grep a +) |
| ? | Match zero kana imwe yapfuura |