The Complex Telecommunications Web
Mobile miterevhizheni yakava musana wekutengesa mutsva mumakore achangopfuura, uye kuparadzirwa kwemafoni, mahwendefa, uye mamwe mafaira efoni. Iyo inyanzvi inoita kuti maseteredzwa aenderere mberi nekushanduka nekufambidzana pamwe chete nemidziyo yevatengi vanoshandisa kushamwaridzana navo.
Webhu Rakabatanidzwa Maselo
Nhare dzemafurati dzinozivikanwawo semagetsi emagetsi. Zvinoumbwa ne "masero" anowirirana kune mumwe uye uye nhare dzefoni kana kugoverana. Aya masero ndiwo nzvimbo dzenyika iyo inowanzokwirana, ine mutengesi mumwe chete, uye shandisa mavheekisi akasiyana-siyana. Aya ma-transceivers ndiwo masvingo esero akave akawandisa munyika yedu yehudhigiramu yakabatana. Vanosangana kune mumwe nemumwe kuti vabvise mapeti emasikirwo-data, izwi, uye mavara-pakupedzisira anounza zviratidzo izvi kumafoni efoni zvakadai sefoni uye mahwendefa anoshanda semagamuchiri. Vapiro vanoshandisa shongwe dzomumwe nomumwe munzvimbo dzakawanda, vachigadzira webhu rakaoma inopa huwandu hwakawanda hwekubatanidza hutano kune vanotumira.
Frequencies
Izvo zvinowanzofambisa zvigadzirwa zvemasiterendi zvinogona kushandiswa nevanyori vakawanda veseve panguva imwe chete. Cell tower sites uye mafoni anoshandisa mafirimu kuitira kuti vashandise mashandiresi mashoma-simba kuti vape mabasa avo nekukanganisa kunogona kuitika.
Leading Mobile Network Providers
Mazvikokero emagetsi eUnited States akawanda, kubva kumakambani maduku, emakereke kusvika kumazana, vanozivikanwa zvikuru mumitambo yekutengesa. Izvi zvinosanganisira Verizon Wireless, AT & T, T-Mobile, US Cellular, uye Sprint.
Mhando dze Mobile Networks
Mhando dzakasiyana dzehutachiona hwemafashoni dzinoshandiswa kupa hutachigaro hwemasitirwo anobatsira kuvashandi Vakuru vanopa mazano vanosiyana zvakasiyana nezvavanoshandisa, saka zvigadzirwa zvinofambisa zvinowanzovakwa kuti zvishandise unyanzvi hwekambani inotarisirwa. Mafoni eGMM haashandisi maCDMA, uye pamwe chete.
Masoja anowanzoshandiswa zvikuru ndeye GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) uye CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Kubva munaSeptember 2017, Verizon, Sprint, uye US Cellular kushandisa CDMA. AT & T, T-Mobile, uye vamwe vakawanda vanotarisira pasi rose vanoshandisa GSM, zvichiita kuti ive yakawanda kwazvo inoshandiswa kushandiswa kweterevhizheni. LTE (Long-Term Evolution) yakabva kune GSM uye inopa hukuru hwehutano hwepamusoro nekukurumidza.
Ndezvipi Zviri nani: GSM kana CDMA Mobile Networks?
Chiratidzo chekugamuchira, kudana kwepamusoro, uye nekukurumidza kunobva pane zvinhu zvakawanda. Nzvimbo yomushandi, mupiro webasa, uye midziyo yose inotamba basa. GSM neCDMA hazviparadzisi zvakawanda pamusoro pehutano, asi nzira yavanoita inoshanda.
Kubva pamutengo wevatengi, GSM inonyanya kukosha nokuti GSM foni inotakura data yese yevatengi pa SIM card inobviswa; kuti uchinje mafoni, mutengi achingoti swaps SIM card mune itsva GSM foni, uye inonamatira kumuteresi we GSM network. Inhare ye GSM inofanira kugamuchira chero foni yeGMM-inogamuchirika, ichisiya vatengi zvachose rusununguko pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvavo mune zvigadzirwa.
CDMA mafoni, kune rumwe rutivi, haasi nyore nyore kushandiswa. Zvitakurei zvinoshandisa vanyori vanobva kune "vatsvene," kwete SIM makadhi, uye chete mafoni anogamuchirwa anobvumirwa pamabatanidzwa avo. Mamwe maCDCDMA ane SIM makadhi, asi izvi ndezvechinangwa chekubatanidza kumakanzura eLTE kana kuti kushandura mafashoni apo foni inoshandiswa kunze kweUnited States GSM yakanga isiripo pakati pemakore ekuma 1990 apo mamwe masitemu akachinja kubva pane analog kusvika kune digital, saka ivo vakavhara muCDMA-panguva iyoyo, iyo yakanyanya kunyanya kushandiswa kwekombiyuta yekombiyuta.