Mutungamiri wekutanga kune bhanhire rechigaro chemazuva ano rakagadzirwa kuma1900 ekupedzisira, asi motokari dzokutanga dzakanga dzisina chero rudzi rwekudzivirira. Ichokwadi, mabhanhire emakumbo haana kuve mudziyo wakakwana mune chero motokari kana matori zvachose kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechi20. Zvikwama zvepachigaro zvepakutanga zvakapiwa sechisarudzo nevamwe vezvigadzirwa kubvira kare muna 1949, uye Saab akatanga mutambo wekubatanidza navo semhando yezvigadzirwa muna 1958.
Mutemo wakanga uri mumwe wekutyaira kwekugadziriswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwemotokari zvinhu zvakadai semabhandi emakumbo, uye hurumende dzakawanda dzine mitemo inorayira kuti mabhande akawanda motokari inoda kuva nechekuwedzera pane zvido izvo bhanhire rinofanira kusangana naro.
Aina dze Seat Belts
Iko kune maitiro mashomanana makuru emabhandi emakumbo ayo akashandiswa mumotokari uye matori mumakore ose aya, kunyange zvazvo mamwe awo akadzingwa.
- chikwata
- sash
- maviri-pfungwa
- nhatu-pfungwa
Mabhanti maviri-mapepa ane pfungwa mbiri dzekubatana pakati pebhanhire uye chigaro kana mutumbi wemotokari. Ikopa uye sash mabhanhire zvose mienzaniso yechirudzi urwu. Zvizhinji zvezvikwama zvepachigaro zvepakutanga zvakapiwa sezvokuda kana zviyero zvakakwana mumotokari uye matori aiva mabhanhire emakumbo, ayo akagadzirirwa kusimbisa zvakananga pamusoro pemakumbo emutyairi kana kuti mutakuri. Simba mabhandi akafanana, asi vanoyambuka diagonally pamusoro pebhokisi. Ichi chinhu chisingawanzogadziriswa sezvo zvichibvira kupfugama pasi pechikwama chemashizha panguva yengozi.
Zvizhinji zvemazuva ano mabhanhire emadziro anoshandisa matanho matatu-mazano, ayo anokwira kuchigaro kana mutumbi wemotokari munzvimbo nhatu dzakasiyana. Izvo zvinogadzirwa zvinowanzobatanidza zvose chikwata uye sash band, iyo inopa kubata zvakachengeteka munguva yekuputsika.
Retraction Technologies
Mabhanhire okutanga ehugaro aive maitiro akareruka. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chebhanhire chakanga chakaiswa kumutumbi wemotokari, uye ivo vaizongosungirirwa vakasununguka pavasina kuiswa pamwe chete. Rimwe rutivi rwakanga ruchida kuva runyoro, uye rumwe rwaizove nekugadzirisa maitiro. Rudzi urwu rwebhandi rechigaro rinowanzoshandiswa mumapurisa, kunyange rave risisina kushandiswa mumotokari nemarori.
Kuti mabhanhire epamberi apamberi ave akabudirira, aifanira kusimbiswa mushure mekunge aputirwa. Izvozvo zvaive zvisinganzwisisiki, uye zvinogona kuderedza kufamba kwevanhu. Kuti kuve nekodzero yeiyo, kuvhara retractors kwakagadzirwa. Iyi teknolojia yebhandi remakumbo inoshandisa kushandiswa kwechikwata chechimiro uye bhanhire refu, rinopedzisira kuvharidzirwa. Panguva yekushandiswa kwekushandiswa, retareta inobvumira zvishoma zvishoma. Zvisinei, inokwanisa kukurumidza kuvhara panzvimbo iyo kana yengozi.
Chikwata chepachigaro chekare chekugara chakashandisa magetsi eti centrifugal kubvisa kunze bhandi nekuvhara panzvimbo panzvimbo yengozi. Bhuku racho rinoshandiswa chero nguva iyo bhanhire rabudiswa nokukurumidza zvikuru, iro rinogona kuonekwa nekungoita yaki pairi. Izvi zvinobudirira zvinobvumira kuti modicum yenyaradzo ichiri kuipa kudzivirirwa kwebhandi rechigaro.
Motokari dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana-siyana kuti dzipe zvose zvinyaradzo nekuchengeteka, kusanganisira vanozvidzivirira uye mapuraneti.
Passive Restraints
Zvizhinji mabhandi ekugadzirisa mabhuku, zvinoreva kuti mutyairi wega uye mutyairi ane chisarudzo chekuti kana kuti kwete kuzora. Kuti abvise icho icho chekusarudza, dzimwe hurumende dzakapedza kudzivisa mitemo kana mitemo. MuUnited States, Munyori wekutakura akabudisa mvumo muna 1977 iyo yaida kuti vese vatengesi vemotokari vave nehumwe hutsika hwekudzivirira muna 1983.
Nhasi, rudzi rwakakurumbira rwekudzivirira ndeye airbag , uye mutemo unoda motokari inotengeswa muUnited States uye kune imwe nzvimbo kuti ive imwe kana yakawanda yayo. Zvisinei, mabhanhire emakumbo echigamba aive akazivikanwa, mari shoma pane mamwe ma1980.
Mamwe mabhanhire akazvigadzirisa akaiswa mumotokari munguva iyoyo, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vakanga vachibatanidza pagedhi. Izvi zvakabvumira mutyairi kana mutengi kuti aende kunzvimbo pasi pebhanhire, iro raizove rakanyatsogadziriswa "musungo" apo musuo wakavharwa.
Kunyange zvazvo mabhanhire emakumbo echigadziro ainge akadhura uye ari nyore kushandisa pane airbags, vakapa zvishoma zvisingabatsiri. Motokari dzine mabheti emakumbo uye mabhanhire epafudzi anogadzirisa zvinokonzera njodzi dzakadai semotokari dzinoshandisa mabhanhire emasaga, sezvo vagari vangave vasarudza kusanamatira mabheti emabhuku. Mune dzimwe nguva, vatyairi nevatasvi vemabhiza vaivewo nesarudzo yekuvhiringidza bhanhire rega roga roga, iro raiwanzoonekwa sekugumburwa.
Apo magetsi emhepo akazova maitiro akazara muvheji vese vatsva nemotokari, mabhanhire ezvigaro zvekudzivirira akawira pasi zvachose zvachose.