01 ye 05
Chii chinonzi Polygon?
Polygons ndi Two Dimensional
Mumagetsi ejometri, pombigoni pane chero mairi maviri-maonero akaita kuti:
- Yakagadzirwa nemitatu mitatu kana kupfuura yakajeka
- Yakapfigwa - hapana mavhenekeri kana mapoka muhumiro
- Izvo zvikamu zviviri zvemitsetse iyo inosangana pamakona kana maziso apo inogadzira mairi
- Iine nhamba yakaenzana yemativi uye nhengo dzomukati dzomukati (dzakapinda mukati me polygon)
(Two-dimensional zvinoreva chipfeko - sepande pepa)
Izvo Zvose ChiGiriki
Zita rokuti polygon rinobva pamashoko maviri echiGiriki:
- poly - zvinoreva "vazhinji"
- gon rinoreva "kona"
Maumbirwo Icho NdiPolygoni
- Triangles
- Zvikwereti
- Pentagons
- Octagons
- Dodecagoni - yakadai semari yakabatana nemaJacican mufananidzo uri pamusoro
Maumbirwo Haasi Mapurogoni
- Denderedzwa - nokuti inoumbwa nemutsara wakakomberedzwa panzvimbo pemitsara yakarurama
- Bhokisi kana cube - nekuti iri matatu-dimensional muchimiro kwete ma-dimensional
02 of 05
Kutumidza maPolgoni
Mazita ePolygon
Mazita emapolgoni ega ega anobva kune nhamba yemativi uye / kana mukati anongedza maitiro ane.
(Nenzira, nhamba yepakati dzenguo - inotenderera mukati mechimiro - inofanira nguva dzose yakaenzana nhamba yemativi).
Mazita akajairika emapurogoni akawanda ane chiGiriki chechipiri chechiverengero chemaoko akabatanidzwa kune shoko rechiGiriki rokuti angle (gon).
Saka, mazita anowanzonzi mashanu nematanhatu emapurigoni nguva dzose ndeaya:
- penta (chiGiriki chinoreva zvishanu) + gon = pentagon
- hexa (chiGiriki chinoreva zvitanhatu) + gon = hexagon
The Exceptions
Iko, hongu, kunze kwechirongwa ichi chita zita. Kunyanya kukosha:
Triangle-inoshandisa chiGiriki chiHebheru Tri, asi panzvimbo yechiGiriki gon, chiLatin chinoshandiswa. (Kazhinji inonzi majoni).
Quadrilateral - inobva kuLatin prefix quadri -zvinoreva zvina - zvakabatanidzwa kune izwi lateral - iro rimwe rimwe rechiLatin rinoreva rutivi.
Dzimwe nguva, mapuroni ane mavara mana anotaurwa se quadrangle kana tetragon .
n-gons
Polygons ane mafuro anodarika gumi uye mazenga aripo, uye mamwe ane mazita anowanzozivikanwa - akadai sezana remakumi mashanu ectogon .
Sezvo vachisangana nehuwandu, zvisinei, ivo vanowanzopiwa zita rinobatanidza nhamba yemativi uye maziso kune izwi rinowanzonzi rekona- gon .
Saka, chidimbu chemazana zana chinowanzotaurwa se 100-gon .
Mamwe ma n-gons uye mazita akajairika emapurogoni ane mapurisa anopfuura gumi ndiwo:
- 11-gon: Hendecagon
- 12-gon: Dodecagon
- 20-gon: Icosagon
- 50-gon: Pentecontagon
- 1000-gon: Chiliagon
- 1000000-gon: Megagon
Polygon Limit
Nechepfungwa, hapana mhedziso kune nhamba yemativi uye mazhenje epa polygon.
Sezvo ukuru hwemakumbo emukati yepoloni inowanikwa zvishoma uye kureba kwemavi awo kunopfupika pikorogoni inosvika pedenderedzwa - asi haifaniri kusvika ipapo.
03 of 05
Kurondedzera Polygons
Nguva dzose vs. Irregular Polygons
Mune pirinhi yenguva dzose mazenga akaenzana akaenzana uye ose emativi akaenzana nehurefu.
Iyo purasita isina kukwana isina pikoroni iyo isina zvingoro zvakaenzana zvingoro uye mativi ehurefu hwakaenzana.
Convex vs. Concave
Nzira yechipiri yekuisa mapurogoni yakaenzana nehukuru hwemakumbo avo epakati. Izvo zvisarudzo zviviri ndezvokutenderera uye zvinokonzera:
- Convex mapurogoni - hapana mazamu apakati makuru kupfuura 180 °;
- Concave polygoni - kanenge imwe kona yepakati inopfuura 180 °.
Zvinyoronyoro zvinotevera vs. Complex Polygoni
Asi imwe nzira yekuisa ma polygoni ndiyo nzira iyo mitsetse iyo inogadzira polygon inopindirana.
- Mitsara yemapolgoni ari nyore anobatanidza kana kupindira kamwe chete - pamatino;
- Mitsara yepolgoni yakaoma inosangana kanopfuura kamwe.
Mazita emapolgoni akaoma dzimwe nguva akasiyana neaya ema polygoni akareba ane nhamba yakafanana yemativi.
Semuyenzaniso,
- Ihekoni yakagadzika nguva dzose ine nhanhatu-yakasara purasitiki
- Nyeredzi yakagadzirirwa nyeredzi hex agram ine nhanhatu yakasangana yakawanda polygon yakagadzirwa nokuputika mairi matatu eirilateral sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo pamusoro apa
04 of 05
Sum of the Interior Angles Rule
Sezvo mutemo, nguva imwe neimwe rutivi rwunowedzerwa kune polygon, zvakadai se:
- Kubva pamakona matatu kusvika kune quadrilateral (matatu kusvika kune mana)
- Kubva pentagon kusvika kune hekoni (mativi mashanu kusvika matanhatu)
imwe 180 ° inowedzerwa kuhuwandu hwemangwanani ekunze.
Mutemo uyu unogona kunyorwa sechinyorwa:
(n - 2) × 180 °
uko n = nhamba yemativi eipoloni.
Saka chiyero chemukati chengetani yehekonigoni chinogona kuwanikwa nekushandisa chirevo:
(6 - 2) × 180 ° = 720 °
Ndezvipi Zvidhori Zvizhinji muPoloni?
Iko kumativi ekunze kwema angle yakagadzirwa nekuparadzanisa polygon kusvika mumakona matatu, uye nhamba iyi inogona kuwanikwa nekuverenga:
n - 2
apo n zvakare yakaenzana nenhamba yemativi eipoloni.
Saka, hekoni (mativi matanhatu) anogona kugoverwa kuva mana matatu (6 - 2) uye dodecagon mumakatu matatu (12 - 2).
Nyeredzi Yakawanda YemaPolgoni Kazhinji
Pamapurigoni anogara akafanana (anotarisa mashizha akaenzana uye akareba kumativi ose akaenzana), ukuru hwekona imwe neimwe mu polygon inogona kuverengerwa nokugovana nhamba yezvidigiri zvese nehuwandu hwemativi.
Kana iri hexagon yepamusoro matanhatu, imwe neimwe ndeyokuti:
720 ° ÷ 6 = 120 °
05 of 05
Mamwe mapurogoni anozivikanwa
Triangular Trusses
Nzvimbo dzekutakura - dzinowanzotarisana nhatu. Zvichienderana nehupamhi uye denga reimba, gumbo rinogona kuisa equilateral uye isosceles triangles.
Nemhaka yesimba ravo guru, zvitatu zvinoshandiswawo mukuvakwa kwemabhiriji, mabhasikoro, uye Eiffel Tower.
Pentagon
Pentagon - iyo mahofisi makuru eU.S. Department of Defense - inotora zita rayo kubva pane zvarakaita. Ndiyo mairi mashanu akafanana pentagon nguva dzose.
Home Plate
Imwe inonzi inozivikanwa nhatu-iyo pedge yenguva dzose pentagon iri kumba pamba pane baseball diamond.
The Pentagon Fake
A giant shopping mall pedyo neShailand, China yakavakwa muchimiro chepentagon yenguva dzose, uye dzimwe nguva inonzi "Fake Pentagon" nokuti inofanana neyakatanga.
Snowflakes
Zvose zvinoputika nechando zvinotanga semheta yepamusoro, asi kutonhora uye hutema hunowedzera matavi uye tendrils kuitira kuti rimwe nerimwe rinoguma rinotarisa zvakasiyana ..
Nenyuchi uye Mashizha
Mahedheni emasikirwo anosanganisirawo nyuchi dzinoshandiswa pane imwe sero muzinga reuchi rinoshandiswa nenyuchi kuti richengete uchi.
Zvisikwa zvepape mapepa anewo mashekeri makumi mana emasero apo vanorera vana vavo.
The Giant's Causeway
Hexagoni inowanikwawo muGiant's Causeway iri kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kweIreland.
Iro dombo rekuumba rinoumbwa nemakoromita makumi mana ezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa zvebasalt zvakasikwa sezvakaitwa nemarara kubva kumapapiro ekare akaputika zvishoma nezvishoma.
The Octagon
IOctagon inoratidzwa pamusoro - zita rakapiwa kumhete kana goroji rinoshandiswa muUFC (Ultimate Fighting Championship) - rinotora zita rayo kubva pakuita kwayo. Iko mashizha masere ane octagon nguva dzose.
Mira zviratidzo
Chiratidzo chekumira - chimwe chezvizivo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa nemugwagwa - ndeimwe humwe hutatu hutsetse octagon nguva dzose.
Kunyange zvazvo ruvara uye mazwi kana zviratidzo zvechiratidzo zvinogona kusiyana, chechina chechimiro chechiratidzo chekumisa chinoshandiswa munyika dzakawanda pasi rose.