Nhaka yeInnovation: Co-Founder we Apple, Muvambi weNeXT, CEO wePixar
Steven Paul Jobs akafa musi waOctober 5, 2011, mushure mekurwa nekenza yepancreatic. Akanga ari 56. Aive musangano wekutanga, CEO-CEO, uye sachigaro weApp Inc. Akararama nemudzimai wake, Laurene Powell Jobs, uye vana vana.
Kubudirira kweMabasa 'basa kwaive uye kwakawanda. Akabatsira kuparadzira kombiyuta yega, kutungamirira kukurudzirwa kwezvinhu zvinokonzera zvinhu zvinosanganisira Macintosh, iPod, uye iPhone, uye inotungamirira Pixar Animation Studios mukurumbira. Mabasa 'charisma, motokari yekubudirira uye kutonga, uye zvakaratidzwa zvakakonzera kuchinja kwekushandura mune kushandiswa uye kukanganisa kwekombiyuta mumazuva ehupenyu hwevanhu vakawanda munyika.
Steve Jobs & # 39; Upenyu Hwekutanga
Akaberekerwa muSan Francisco muna 1955 kune baba vokuSyria vanobva kune imwe nyika uye amai vakakwidziridzwa muWisconsin, Jobs yakagamuchirwa nemabasa aPaul naClara aSanta Clara, Calif. Mabasa akapinda chikoro chesekondari muCupertino, Calif., Guta iro Apple rakagadzirirwa. Muna 1972, akapinda muchidimbu Reed College muPortland, Ore,, asi akabuda kunze kwemaseseri. Mabasa akadzoka kuCalifornia muna 1974, kwaakashanda paAtari. Jobs 'shamwari uye pakupedzisira bhizimisi shamwari Steve Wozniak akashanda paAtari panguva iyoyo.
Apple: Simuka uye Chiitiko Chekupedzisira
Jobs inotungamirwa Apple Inc., iyo inozivikanwa seApple Computer, naWozniak. Bhizimisi ravo rekutanga rakapa bhodhi remadhora revanhu vanoita basa rokuvaka ma kombiyuta avo pachavo. Pasinei nekumhanya kwepamba iyo, Apple yakabatsira kubatsira munguva yekombiyuta pachayo nekuiswa kweApple II muna 1976.
Mishonga iyoyo yakakurumidza kuchinja kuchinja kwekushandura mu desktop computing-Macintosh. Mac OS ndiyo ndiyo yekutanga yekutengeswa uye yakawanda yakagadziridzwa kushandisa kushandisa graphical user interface iyo yakajairika nhasi. Yaivawo yekutanga kushandisa puro yekubatana nemifananidzo pahwindo. Iko Mac yakanga iri kubudirira zvikuru uye Rocketed Jobs uye Apple muchinzvimbo seimwe yekambani inonyanya kukosha makombiyuta.
Iko kambani yakaita huru yakawanda neyo 1984 Super Bowl yebhizimisi iyo yakatanga iyo Macintosh. Mutambo uyu wakaridzwa mumhanzi weGeorge Orwell 1984 uye akaisa IBM seBig Brother, apo Apple aireva varwi vezviganduki vachiedza kurusununguko.
Panguva iyoyo, Jobs yakanga yanyengedza mukuru ane ruzivo John Sculley kubva PepsiCo kuva Apple CEO. Asi, pakati pemakore ekutengesa 1985, Jobs yakarasikirwa nechisimba chekutsvaga simba ku Sculley uye neboka revatungamiri vekambani. Akasiya Apple.
NeXT: A New Challenge
Mabasa akabva atangwa NeXT Computer, kambani yakatora zvidzidzo zvekufananidzira zvakadzidziswa kubva kubudirira kweMac uye dzakaroora ivo kumashonga ekushandisa e Unix operating system. Iyo yakashongedza uye inyanzvi yekugadzira zvinhu, asi inodhura, makombiyuta eNeXT haana kumbobatwa nenzira iyo mitsara yemichina yeApple II kana Mac yakaita. NeXT akakwanisa kuchengeta bhizimisi rakasimba kubva muna 1985 kusvika muna997. Muna 1997, NeXT akatora imwe itsva, uye yakawanda inokosha-paApple.
Pixar: Hobby Inova Powerhouse
Paaiva paNeXT, Mabasa akatenga kakombiyuta mafirimu akasiyana-siyana aLucasfilm Ltd. muna 1986 kwe $ 10 mamiriyoni. Iko kukamukana kwakava Pixar Animation Studios. Mabasa akashandurwa seAECO uye vazhinji vashandi.
Mabasa pakutanga aifungidzirwa Pixar sekombiyuta hardware yekambani yaizotengesa makombikiti ekupedzisira kuHollywood. Apo bhizimisi iro rakakundikana kubvisa, kambani yakashandurwa ikava muiti wemavhidhiyo mafirimu ane kambani neDisney.
Under Under Jobs 'hutungamiri, Pixar akazova guru guru rekuita mafirimu muHollywood, achibudisa tambo ye smash hits, kusanganisira Toy Story , A Bug's Life , Monsters Inc. , Kuwana Nemo , The Incredibles , uye Wall-E , pakati pevamwe.
Muna 2006, Jobs yakagadzirwa kutengesa kwaPixar kuWalt Disney Co. Chibvumirano chakamupa nzvimbo paBhodi yeDisney ndokumuita gurukota revanhu guru pane rimwe nerimwe. Mushure mekupedzisa kwechiitiko ichocho, Fortune Magazine inonzi Jobs iyo Inonyanya Kuwedzera Bhizinesi Bhizinesi muna 2007.
Kudzokera kuApple: Kutonga
Mabasa akawana zita iroro kwete chete nekuda kwebasa rake paDisney asi zvakare nokuti akanga adzokera kuApple seChitubu chake uye CEO.
Mukupera kwegore ra1996, Mabasa aitarisira kutengeswa kweNeXT kuApple uye akadzokera kunzvimbo yeutungamiri mukambani yaakatsigira. Inyanzvi inotungamira NeXT hardware uye software yakawanikwa mune $ 429 Million deal. Yakava nheyo yeChimwe chizvarwa cha Apple chinotevera Mac OS X.
Apo Apple CEO Gil Amelio akadzingwa nekambani yevatungamiri vekambani muna 1997, Jobs akadzoka kune kambani iyi seyo mudare mukuru weOOO.
Panguva iyoyo, Apple yaiva nheyo pasi pemusika wepasi, mararamiro e-OS-licensing akavhiringidzika, uye chinyorwa chisina kushandiswa. Zvose izvi zvakatungamirira mukufungidzira kukuru mumutsara uye paIndaneti kuti kambani inogona kuwirirana neimwe shandi kana kuti kunze kwebhizimisi. Kuti uchengetedze kambani kufambisa, Mabasa akabva atanga mutsara we dzimwe nguva-isingadi kuve yakagadzirwa. Izvi zvaisanganisira kubvisa mukati mekubudirira zvakapfuura asi zvakagadzirwa nemwoyo wose zvakadai seNewton PDA.
Chokutanga chakakunda chigadzirwa cheMabasa 'chipiri chekugara paApple yakanga iri iMac, iyo yose-in-one kombiyuta yakatangwa muna 1998. Inenge iri mukugadzira nhasi. Iyo iMac yakateverwa neketani yefotopi ye laptop uye yekombiyuta, kunyange zvazvo kukanganisa kwemwe-kwakadai seMasimba Mac G4 cube- yakavhenganiswa.
Under Under Jobs 'hutungamiri, Apple yakadzoka kubva kumucheto we bankruptcy kuzova zvakare shinda, yakabudirira kambani. Asi, nokuda kwekuiswa kwegadget duku, kambani ichange ichitsvaira.
The iPod
MunaOctober 2001, Apple yakafukura iPod yekutanga . Muchidhi-pack-digital digital player player yakapa 5 GB yekuchengetedza (zvakaringana nziyo dzinenge 1 000) uye iri nyore. Yakanga iri nguva yekurova.
Kuvandudzwa kwePod kwaive kwakarayirwa neMabasa-avo vasina kufarira vatambi vedhiyo yemitambo uye nhengo dzavo dzakaoma-uye vaiongororwa neunyanzvi musoro Jon Rubinstein nemuumbi wezvigadzirwa Jonathan Ive.
I-iPod yakashanda neApple's desktop software management software, iTunes, iyo yakanga yatangwa munaJanuary 2001. Kubatanidzwa kwekusununguka kwezvakashandiswa uye zvine simba zvipi zvaipiwa neaviri zvakaita kuti iPod ifume. Apple yakatanga kukura nokukurumidza kwekambani yemiti yePod kuisa Mini , nano , Shuffle , uye gare gare kugunzva . Yakatanga iPods idzva nguva dzose mwedzi mitanhatu.
ITunes yakachinja zvakare uye yakawedzera iTunes Store yekutengesa mimhanzi yakakanganwa muna 2003 uye mafirimu muna 2005. Nezvo, Apple yakamisa nzvimbo yayo mumhizha yemimhanzi uye yakaita iPod / iTunes kusanganiswa kwemhando yemitambo yemimhanzi. Pakazosvika gore ra2008, Apple yakanga yava mutengesi mukuru wemimhanzi (online kana kuti kunze kwekodhi ) , uye makambani erekodhi akatanga kushungurudzika pamusoro pekutonga kwaApple mubhizinesi ravo. Muna 2009, Mutengesi weTunes wakatengesa rwiyo rwemabhiriyoni matanhatu.
The iPhone
MunaJanuary 2007, Apple yakawedzera pakubudirira kwePod, uye yakagadzirirwa kuchinja imwe misika, apo yakazivisa iPhone . Chigadziri ichocho chakagadzirwa neMabasa 'kutarisa uye kubatanidzwa uye chakanga chiri nguva pfupi pakusunungurwa kwayo. IPhone yekutanga yakatengesa zviyero 270,000 mumaawa makumi matatu ekutanga ekuwanikwa. Muteveri wayo, iPhone 3G , akatengesa zviyero 1 mamiriyoni mumazuva matatu okutanga gore rimwe chete gare gare.
Pakazosvika March 2009, Apple yakanga yatengesa iPhones dzinopfuura mamiriyoni 17, uye yakanga yakatengesa kutengesa kwekodhi ye smartphone yakambove yakakurumbira, yeBlackberry .
Kuteerera kubudirira kweThengi yeTunes, iPhone yakagamuchira App Store, inopa third-party software, munaJuly 2008. MunaJanuary 2009, yakanyoresa mamiriyoni 500 downloads . Yakanga yatora iTunes Store Store makore maviri kuti ifike kune imwechete. Apple yakanga ine imwe yakagumburwa pamaoko ayo.
Hondo yehutano
Pakati pekubudirira uku, Mabasa ainge aine mibvunzo nezvehutano hwake, kunyanya mushure memusangano weWorld Developers Conference muna 2006 apo aitarisa zvakanyanya kuderera kupfuura zvaaimboita kare.
MunaJanuary 2009, Jobs yakabudisa chirevo chakataura kuti chitarisiko chake chaiva nechokuita nekusawirirana kwemahomoni kwakaderedza muviri wake wemapuroteni anodiwa. Mashoko aya akawedzera kuti vanachiremba vake vakafunga kuti vaizoona chikonzero, kuti aizotsvaka kutsvaga, uye kuti haazotauri zvakawanda pamusoro pehurukuro, sezvaaifunga kuti yaiva nyaya yega.
Zvisinei, pasi pemazuva gumi gare gare zvakashamiswa kuti Jobs 'zvirwere zvehutano zvaive zvakakomba kupfuura kutanga. Anenge ari kutora mwedzi mitanhatu yekusiya kusavapo kubva kune kambani. Iko kambani yekambani yakatanga kurova, asi yakadzokera kune imwe nhamba pfupi pfupi pasi peshoko iri mukati mevhiki. Tim Cook, mukuru wekambani yekushanda, akashanda se CEO muMabasa 'panzvimbo.
Mabasa akadzoka kubasa paApple kunopera June 2009, sezvakarongwa. Akanzi akabatanidzwa zvikuru naApple mushure mokudzoka kwake.
The iPad
Under Under Jobs 'hutungamiri, Apple yakagadzirwa uye yakabudisa zvizvarwa zviviri zvePadad. Ida iPad yakashandura misika yekare yepakombiyuta yepakombiyuta yakave iyo simba iyo masikwikwi akange asingakwanisi kuenzana uye ayo anotyisidzira kuputsa mutsika wemasikirwo yemakombiyuta. Nekutengesa kwePads mamiriyoni makumi maviri nemashanu (25 million million) ePads zvishoma kudarika gore, iPad yakabatsira mu "post-PC" nguva yekombiyuta uye yakashandura ukama hwedu nekombiyuta.
Kurega uye Rufu
Musi waAugust 23, 2011-pakati peimwe hofisi yakabatana nehutano kubva kune kambani-Jobs yakasarudza seApple CEO, achiti "haakwanisi kusangana nemabasa angu uye zvinotarisirwa." Chief Operating Officer Tim Cook akatora basa reMabasa seApple CEO. Mabasa akachengetwa nzvimbo yake seChitubu cheBhodi yeApple, zita rake remutungamiriri, uye akaenderera mberi kuva mushandi weApple.
Mabasa akafa kanenge masvondo matanhatu mushure mekurega basa.
Steve Jobs 'Legacy
Zvichida hapana mumwe mutungamiri muhupenyu hwemazuva ano, pamwe chete nemukana kunze kweBill Gates, ave achisungirirana zvikuru nekambani yake, uye kubudirira kwayo-uye maonero evanhu ezvo kubudirira-seMabasa.
Vamwe vakatofananidza Mabasa uye nhaka yake kune avo vezviitiko zvemhando dzepamusoro saTime Edison, Henry Ford, uye Walt Disney. Vamwe, zvisinei, vave vanyengeri, vachimuisa pachikamu chechipiri chezviitiko zvemabhizimisi ezvakaitika nekuda kwechidiki chaakawana pfuma pamwe nemipiro yezvipo.
Pasinei nekuongororwa kupi kunowanikwa Mabasa mune imwe nhoroondo yekare yekambani, hutungamiri hwake uye maitiro ake egawo ave ari nhau yezvakaitika uye kunetseka. Mabasa airehwa kuti aive ne "chokwadi chinokanganisa munda," izwi rinoshandiswa nevakawanda kurondedzera simba rehupenyu hwake uye kuvapo kwake, uye kukwanisa kwake kugutsa vanhu munzvimbo dzake.
Unhu hwake hwakakonzera kutsoropodza maitiro ekutungamirira aisanganisira kukwirira kwakasimba kwekutya nekuvanzika. Pasi Pemabasa, Apple yakanga yakakurumbira kuburikidza nekudzivirira zvakasimba tsanangudzo yezvinhu zvitsva zvitsva, zvichisvika pakusangana nemashoko ekunyunyuta uye kubata zvakabatana nevashandi vakawana mashoko. Mune mireniyumu itsva, Apple yakava kuzivikanwa nokuda kwechido chacho-uye kubudirira kwevanhu mukuita--kudzivirira kuparidzirwa kwemashoko pamusoro payo.
Pasinei nekutsoropodzwa uku, Apple Jobs yakavakwa yakasimba, ine mari inopfuura $ 285 mabhiriyoni mune mari, kukura mumakambani, uye nevakawanda vakazvipira vateereri. Muna Sept. 2011, yakava kambani inokosha zvikuru munyika yose . Kubvira panguva iyo, yakaramba ichishandura pakati penzvimbo yakakwirira uye pedyo nayo.
Kururamisa zvisinei, Steve Jobs aiva muoni wehutoriki uyo akachinja matanho matatu-makombiyuta, mimhanzi ye digital, uye mafoni-uye akachinja maitiro atinoshanda nekukurukura. Nhaka yake haina kufanana neyemazuva ano emabhizimisi emuAmerica. Basa rehupenyu hwake rakaisa nheyo yevanhu vemangwana.