Ndezvipi Cascading Style Sheets?
Mawebhusayithi akanyorwa nenhamba yezvidimbu zvakasiyana, kusanganisira mifananidzo, zvinyorwa, nemagwaro akasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvinyorwa hazvirevi chete zvingave zvakabatanidzwa kubva pamapeji akasiyana-siyana, semafuta ePDI, asiwo magwaro anoshandiswa pakuvaka mapeji ivo pachavo, semagwaro eHTML kuti aone maitiro e peji uye CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) zvinyorwa kuti ataure kutarisa kwepeji. Ichi chinyorwa chichatsvaga muCSS, chichivharira kuti chii uye kuti chinoshandiswa sei kumawebsite nhasi.
A CSS History Lesson
CSS yakatanga kuumbwa muna 1997 senzira yevashanduri vewebhu kuti vatsanangure kuonekwa kwemavara ewebhu avakanga vachigadzira. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kubvumira vashandi vekutsvaga kuti vagoparadzanise zvinyorwa uye sangano rewebsite yekoni kubva pane zvakaratidzwa, chimwe chinhu chakanga chisati chave chikaitika musati nguva ino.
Kuparadzaniswa kwekugadzirisa uye chimiro kunobvumira HTML kuti iite zvakawanda zvebasa iro raimbove rakatangira-maridhi ehupenyu, pasina kushushikana pamusoro pekugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kwe peji pachako, chimwe chinhu chinowanzozivikanwa se "kutarisa uye kunzwa" ye peji.
CSS haina kuwana mukududzirwa kusvikira gore ra2000, apo web browser vakatanga kushandisa zvinopfuura zvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye mararamiro emutauro uyu. Nhasi, vese vashanduri vemazuva ano vanotsigira zvose zveCSS Level 1, zhinji dzeCSS Level 2, uye kunyange zvikamu zvakawanda zveCSS Nhamba 3. Sezvo CSS ichiri kuenderera mberi uye mafashoni matsva anoiswa, web browsers vatanga kushandisa ma modules anounza mutsva weCSS mutsva mumashambadzi aya uye kupa web designers simba idzva remichina yekushanda.
Mune (mazhinji) makore apfuura, pakanga pane kusarudza web designers avo vakaramba kushandisa CSS pakugadzirwa uye kubudirira kwemasayiti, asi maitiro acho ose asi asiya kubva kumhizha nhasi. CSS ikozvino inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumushumo wewebhu uye iwe unenge wakaoma zvakaoma kuti uwane ani nani ari kushanda mumhizha nhasi uyo asina kana zvishoma kunyatsonzwisisa mutauro uyu.
CSS isAbatanidzwa
Sezvakataurwa kare, izwi CSS rinomirira "Cascading Style Sheet." Ngatitorei mutsara uyu pfupi kuti tinyatsotsanangura zvakajeka zvinyorwa izvi.
Izwi rokuti "style sheet" rinoreva chidziro chairo (kufanana ne HTML, CSS mafaira zviri chaizvoizvo zvinyorwa zvemashoko zvinogona kugadziriswa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana). Mapepa emafashoni ave achishandiswa pakugadzirisa zvinyorwa kwemakore mazhinji. Icho chizivo chekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa, zvingave zvakadhindwa kana paIndaneti. Vakagadzira mapepa vave vachishandisa mashizha akawanda kwenguva refu kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mazano avo anonyorwa zvakajeka pane zvavanotaura. Imwe pepa pepaji yepawebhu inoshandisa chinangwa chimwe chete, asi nehuwandu hwehutano hwekuudzawo web browser kuti ungapa sei gwaro racho richionekwa. Nhasi, CSS mavara mapepa anogonawo kushandisa mibvunzo yevhidhiyo kuti ichinje nzira iyo peji inotarisa madivayiri akasiyana uye masikirwo emavhura . Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha sezvo zvichibvumira kuti rimwe bhuku re HTML rive rakashandurwa nenzira yakasiyana maererano nechikwiriso chinoshandiswa kuchiwana.
Cascade ndiyo chikamu chinokosha chezwi rokuti "cascading style sheet". A web style pepa inofanirwa kuputika mumaketani emashizha mune peji iyo, sehova pamusoro pemvura. Mvura iri murwizi inoputsa matombo ose mumvura, asi ndeyei pasi iri inopindira kunyanya mvura ichayerera. Izvozvowo ndezvechokwadi kuputika mumashizha emashizha emashizha.
Peji yega yebhu yega yega inoshungurudzwa nekodha imwe yepepeti, kunyange kana web designer isingashandisi mavara. Iyi shanduro pepa inoshandiswa nemushandisi weshizha chepaiti - inozivikanwawo sezvipfeko zvisiri izvo iyo web browser inoshandisa kuratidza peji kana pasina mimwe mirayiridzo inopiwa. Semuenzaniso, nekusingaperi hyperlinks yakanyorwa mubhuruu uye inotsanhirwa. Iyo michina inobva pa web browser ye default default sheet. Kana iwe web designer inopa mamwe mirayiridzo, zvisinei, musikana wacho achada kuziva kuti mirayiridzo inotanga sei. Vose vhevhisi vane zvigadziriswa zvavo, asi zvizhinji zvezvipfeko (zvakadai sezveruvara rwepepuru zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa) zvakagoverwa kune dzose kana kuti dzakawanda zvekushandura uye shanduro.
Kana mumwe muenzaniso wekushandura kushanduka, mubhundaneti yangu, iyo yakashata ndiyo " Times New Roman " yakaratidzwa pachikuru chema16. Pashoma mapeji andinoshanyira akaratidzira mumhuri yefaira iyoyo uye kukura, zvisinei. Izvi ndechokuti chikwata chinotsanangura kuti yechipiri mapepa emashizha, anogadzirirwa nevagadziri ivo pachavo, kuti adzore zvakare ushu hwesita nemhuri, achidarika ma web browser yangu zvakashata. Chero mapepa emafaira iwe unogadzira peji yewebhu ichava nehuwandu hwepamusoro pane shanduro yekutsvaga mafashoni, saka izvo zvisingakanganisi zvingoshanda chete kana yako yepepeti yepepa isingapfuuri. Kana iwe uchida hukama huine bhuruu uye hwakatsanangurirwa, haufaniri kuita chero chinhu kubva ipapo ichocho chisina kukwana, asi kana iyo yeCS file yako yemaiti inofanira kunge yakasvibirira, ruvara ruchapfuura ruvara rwebhuruu. Mutsara wepamusoro ucharamba uri mumuenzaniso uyu, sezvo iwe usina kutaurira zvimwe.
Where is CSS Used?
CSS inogona kushandiswawo kutsanangura kuti mapeji ewebhu anotaridzirwa sei kana achionekwa mune dzimwe mhizha pane web browser. Semuenzaniso, unogona kugadzira mapepa okunyora mapepa ayo achajekesa kuti peji yewebhu inofanira kudhindwa sei. Nemhaka yokuti peji yepaIndaneti inofanana nehotera dzekufambisa kana mafomu ewebhu haazove nechinangwa pane peji rakadhindwa, Print Print Sheet inogona kushandiswa "kuvhara" iyo nzvimbo apo peji iri kudhindwa. Kunyange zvazvo isiri tsika yakajairika pane dzimwe nzvimbo, sarudzo yekuumba mapepa okunyora mapepa ane simba uye anoyemura (mune zvandinowana - vakawanda vepurogiramu vezvibvumirano havangoiti izvi nokuti nzvimbo yebasa rebhajami haitanidzi kuti basa iri riwedzere kuitwa ).
Sei CSS inokosha?
CSS ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinoshandisa simba web web designer zvinogona kudzidza nokuti pamwe chete iwe unogona kukanganisa maonero ose ekuonekwa kwewebsite. Zvakanyora zvakanyorwa mavara mapeti zvinogona kuongororwa nekukurumidza nekubvumira nzvimbo kuti dzichinje zvinhu zvinotaridzirwa kuoneka pahwindo, izvo zvinoratidzawo kukosha uye zvinotarirwa kune vashanyi, pasina chero kuchinja kunofanirwa kugadziriswa kumusana we HTML.
Dambudziko guru reCSS nderokuti pane zvishoma zvidzidzo-uye nevashanduri vanochinja zuva rega rega, izvo zvinoshanda zvakanaka nhasi zvinogona kunge zvisinganzwisisi mangwana sezvo michina mitsva inotsigirwa uye imwe inodonhedzwa kana kuti irege kudiwa nekuda kwechikonzero chimwe kana imwe .
Nokuti CSS inogona kukanganisa nekubatanidza, nekufunga kuti zvakasiyana sei navashanduri vanogona kududzira nekushandisa mirayiridzo yakasiyana, CSS inogona kuva yakaoma kupfuura yakajeka HTML kuti itarisire. CSS inoshandurawo mumavhuraji nenzira iyo HTML haiti. Kana ukangotanga kushandisa CSS, zvisinei, uchaona kuti kubata simba remashizha mapepa kuchakupa kusanzwisisika kusinganzwisisiki maitiro aunoita mapeji ewebhu nekujekesa maonero avo uye kunzwa. Pamwe munzira, iwe uchasangana ne "bhegi yezvinyengeri" zvemiitiro uye nzira dzakakushandira iwe munguva yakapfuura uye zvaunogona kudzokera zvakare apo iwe unovaka mawebhu matsva munguva yemberi.
Nyaya yekutanga naJennifer Krynin. Yakarongedzwa naJeremy Girard musi we7/5/17,