Dhidhiyo Audio uye Maitiro Pazvinouya Audio Playback paPC
Computer audio ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakanyanya kukanganwa zvinhu zvekombiyuta kutenga. Nezivo duku kubva kune vakugadziri, vashandisi vane nguva yakaoma vachifungisisa chaizvoizvo zvavari kuwana. Muchikamu chekutanga chezvikamu zvakatevedzana zvemashoko, tinotarisa zvidzidzo zvekutamba kwe digital uye zvinyorwa zvinogona kuiswa. Mukuwedzera, tichatarisa mamwe maitiro anoshandiswa kurondedzera zvikamu.
Digital Audio
Zvose zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa kana kutambirwa kuburikidza nekombiyuta system ndedhijitori, asi dzose audio inowanikwa kubva panotauri system is analog. Kusiyana pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzekurekodha kunobatsira basa rinokosha pakusarudza kukwanisa kwepurogiramu inonzwika.
Analog audio inoshandisa shanduko yakaenzana yemashoko kuti iedze uye yakanakisisa kudzokorora mavheji ekutanga anobva mumugero. Izvi zvinogona kubudisa kunyora kwakanyatsonaka, asi izvi zvinonyora kunyorerana pakati pekubatanidza uye zvizvarwa zvezvakanyorwa. Dhidhiyo yekurekodha inotora samples yemafungu emhepo uye inoichengeta sezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana (izvo uye zeros) zvinonyanya kufanana nezvayo. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unhu hwekurekodha hwemajeri huchasiyana kubva pane bits uye sampuli dzinoshandiswa pakunyora, asi kurasikirwa kwehutano kwakadzika zvikuru pakati pemichina uye zvizvarwa zvekutumira.
Bits uye Samples
Paunotarisa zvinonzwika zvinonzwika uye kunyange zvinyorwa zvemajeri, mazwi ezvigaro uye KHZ anowanzouya. Aya mazwi maviri anotaura nezvemuenzaniso wekuenzanisa uye tsananguro yehurukuro yekurekodha kwe digital kunogona kuva nayo. Pane matatu mitemo yakakosha inoshandiswa pakutengeserana digital audio: 16-bit 44KHz yeCD Audio, 16-bit 96KHz yeDVD uye 24-bit 192KHz yeDVD-Audio uye imwe Blu-ray.
Iyo yakadzika zvakadzama inoreva nhamba yezvibhakanyi zvinoshandiswa mukurekodhwa kuti uone ukuru hwemhanzi inonzwika pane imwe samuenzaniso. Nokudaro, 16-bit bit-rate yaizobvumira huwandu hwemazinga 65,536 apo 24-bit inobvumira mamiriyoni 16.7. Muenzaniso wehuwandu hunotarisa nhamba yemapuranga ari pedyo nemhepo inonzwika iyo yakadhindwa pane imwe nguva yechipiri. Iyo yakawanda nhamba yezvidzidzo, iyo iri pedyo nedijito inomiririra ichava kumusana wezwi analogo.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza pano kuti muzinga wekuenzanisa wakasiyana neyakatrate. Bitrate inoreva huwandu hwakawanda hwe data yakagadzirwa mufaira pamusi wechipiri. Izvi ndezvekuti, nhamba yezvibhakitiriro inowanikwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hunozoshandurwa kusvika kune dzimwe nzira yega. Mathematically, iyo (bits * shanho yezviyero * nzira) / 8 . Saka, CD-audio inonzi stereo kana maviri channel inogona kuva:
(16 bits * 44000 pechipiri * 2) / 8 = 192000 bps nechirongwa kana 192kbps bitrate
Nekunzwisisa uku, chii chatinofanira kutarisa kana tichiongorora tsanangudzo yemutambo weinzwi? Muzhinji, zvakanakisisa kutarisa munhu anogona ku 16-bit 96KHz shamba yemari. Iyi ndiyo nheyo yemavhidhiyo anoshandiswa kumakero anokonzera 5.1 akakomberedza muDVD uye Blu-ray mafirimu. Kune avo vanotsvaka tsanangudzo yakanakisisa yekuteerera, itsva 24-bit 192KHz mhinduro inopa hukuru hwehutano hwehutano.
Signal-to-Noise Ratio
Chimwe chinhu chezvinhu zvinoteerera zvinoshandiswa nevashandi iSignal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) . Iyi inhamba inomiririrwa ne decibels (dB) kutsanangura chiyero chechiratidzo chemazwi kana ichienzaniswa nemanzwi emanzwi anokonzerwa nenzwi rehurukuro. Iyo yakakwirira yeIsignal-To-Noise chiyero, zviri nani utinhi hwehuno. Munhu wevoruzhinji kazhinji haagoni kusiyanisa ruzha urwu kana SNR yakakura kudarika 90dB.
Maitiro
Kune mavara akasiyana-siyana paanouya pakunzwika. Pakutanga, paiva neAAC'97 audio standard yakagadzirwa neIntel senzira yekutsigirwa kwakagadzirirwa ye 16-bit 96KHz audio inotsigirwa nematanho matanhatu anodiwa kuDVD 5.1 audio audio support. Kubvira panguva iyo, pakange pave nekufambira mberi mutsva mumutauro wekutinhira nekuda kwehurukuro yakakwirira yevhidhiyo yakadai seBlu-ray. Kuti atsigire izvi, imwe nhamba yeIndel HDA yakagadzirwa. Izvi zvinowedzera rubatsiro rwemazwi kusvika kumasere masere ye 30-bit 192KHz anodiwa kuti 7.1 rubatsiro rwemhanzi. Iye zvino, iyi ndiyo inowirirwa yeIntel-based hardware asi yakawanda AMD hardware iyo yakanyorwa se 7.1 rubatsiro rwemhanzi runokwanisawo kuzadzisa mazinga ayachete.
Imwe yero yekare yekare inogona kutaurwa kune 16-bit Sound Blaster inoenderana. Sound Blaster ibasa remakadhi e-audio rakagadzirwa neClub Lab Labs. Mutinhimira Blaster 16 waiva mumwe wemakadhi makuru ekutanga anotsigira shanduro ye16-bit 44KHz yeCD-Audio yemakombiyuta audio. Uyu muyero uri pasi peiwo wehutano hutsva uye hauwanzorevi kutaurwa zvakare.
EAX kana Environmental Audio Extensions ndiyo imwe mitemo yakagadzirwa neClub Lab Labs. Panzvimbo yemhando chaiyo yekutinhira, inenge yakagadzirwa neprojekti yakawedzera iyo inoshandura audio kuti idzoke migumisiro yezvakatipoteredza. Semuenzaniso, mutinhiyo unotambidzwa pamakombiyuta unogona kugadzirwa kunzwika sekunge uri kutambidzwa mubako rine maitiro akawanda. Kutsigira kweizvi kunogona kuva mune software kana hardware. Kana yakashandurwa mune hardware, inoshandisa zvishoma kubva kuCUU.
Mamiriro ezvinhu neAEX akawedzera zvakaoma neWindows operating systems kubvira Vista . Zvinonyanya kukosha, Microsoft yakashandura hukuru hwehutano kubva pane hardware kuenda kune imwe sangano kuitira kuti uve nehuwandu hwekuchengeteka purogiramu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mitambo yakawanda yakabata EAX audio mune hardware yakanga yava kushandiswa ne-software pane. Zvizhinji zvei izvi zvakamboratidzwa ne software software kumadokari nemitambo asi kune mamwe mhembera yakwegura isingakwanise kushandisa maEXX zvakare. Chaizvoizvo, zvinhu zvose zvave zvichiendeswa kune OpenAL mitemo yekuita EAX chete inonyanya kukosha pamitambo yefa.
Pakupedzisira, zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogona kutakura THX logo . Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kuti THX Laboratories inonzwa kuti chigadzirwa chinosangana kana kudarika zvishoma zvido zvadzo. Ingoyeukei kuti chigadzirwa cheTX chechigadzirwa hachizove chakanaka kubudirira kana chimiro chakanzwika kupfuura icho chisingaiti. Vavaki vanofanirwa kubhadhara THX labs nokuda kwekuita chiyeuchidzo.
Iye zvino zvatine zvinyorwa zvema digital digital, ndiyo nguva yekuona Surround Sound uye PC .