Mutemo we Linux uye Unix unowana kuita kutsvaga mafaira muhurongwa hwehutungamiri.
Syntax yekuwana murairo:
tsvaka [nzira ...] [kutaura]
Tsanangudzo
Iyi peji peji inonyora GNU version yekuwana . Mutemo unowana tsvakurudzo yemiti yakagadziriswa pazita rimwe nerimwe refaira kuburikidza nekuongororwa mazwi anobva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi, maererano nemitemo yekutangira (ona chikamu cheVashandisi pasi), kusvikira mugumisiro unozivikanwa; mune mamwe mazwi, rutivi rworuboshwe rutivi rwenhema uye runoshanda, chokwadi kana , pane imwe nzvimbo inowana kuenderera kune zita rinotevera refaira.
Nharo yekutanga inotanga ne:
- -
- ( kana )
- ,
- !
inotorwa kuti ive kutanga kwemashoko; chero nharo dzisati dzave nzira dzekutsvaga, uye nharo ipi neipi mushure maro ndeye zororo rose. Kana pasina nzira dzinopihwa, ikozvino rekushandisa inoshandiswa. Kana pasina kutaura kunopiwa, kutaura-- print inoshandiswa.
Murairo wekuwana unobva nechiremera 0 kana mafaira ose ari kushandiswa kubudirira, mukuru kune 0 kana zvikanganiso zvichiitika.
Mashoko
Izwi racho rinoumbwa nesarudzo (iyo inobata basa rose pane kugadziridza imwe faira, uye nguva dzose dzoka zvechokwadi), miedzo (iyo inodzorera chokwadi chechokwadi kana chenhema), nezviito (izvo zvine migumisiro uye inodzorera chokwadi kana zvenhema kukosha), vose vakaparadzana nevashandi. Izwi- uye inofungidzirwa kuti munhu wacho anenge asiri kupi. Kana kutaura kusina zviito kunze kwe-- prune , ipapo -print inoshandiswa pane zvese mafaira ayo mashoko acho ndeechokwadi.
Sarudzo
Zvose zvingasarudzwa nguva dzose dzoka zvechokwadi. Dzinogara dzichishanda, pane kungotariswa chete kana nzvimbo yavo mumashoko yacho yasvika. Saka, kuti zvive pachena, zvakanakisisa kuvaisa pakutanga kwekutaura.
| -daystart | Itai nguva (ye-- amin, -atime, -cmin, -ctime, -mmin, uye -mtime ) kubva pakutanga kwemazuva pane pane kubva maawa makumi maviri akapfuura. |
| -depth | Dzokorora imwe nheyo yezvinyorwa zviri mukati mechirongwa chacho pachako. |
| -kutevera | Dereference symbolism links. Zvinoreva -noleaf . |
| -help kana -help | Shandisa chidimbu chekushandisa-mutsara yekushandisa yekuwana nekubuda. |
| -maxdepth [nhamba] | Dzoka pamwero wezvikamu ((asiri wekusa integer) yezvinyorwa pasi pemirairo yemirairo yemirairo. Izwi -maxdepth 0 rinongoreva chete kushandisa miedzo uye zviito kune mutsara wemirairo yemirairo. |
| -mindepth [nhamba] | Usashandisa chero miedzo kana zviito pazvikamu zvishoma pane nhamba (inenge isina integer integer). Izwi- kureva 1 rinoreva kushandiswa kwese mafaira kunze kweiyo mutsara wemashoko. |
| -uya | Usaburuka zvinyorwa kune mamwe mafaira eefaira. Rimwe zita re-- xdev , nekuda kwezvimwe zvimwe shanduro dzekuwana . |
| -noleaf | Usapfurikidza nekufungidzira kuti zvinyorwa zvine zvinyorwa zvishomanana zviviri zvishoma pane zvakanyanya kubatana. * |
| -version kana -version | Shingai mutsva yekutsvaga nhamba uye obuda. |
| -xdev | Usaburuka zvinyorwa kune mamwe mafaira eefaira. |
* Izvi zvinoshandiswa paunotsvaga zvinyorwa zvisingatevedzeri Unix directory-link assembly, yakadai sedare reCD-ROM kana MS-DOS kana kuti AFS volume mount points. Nyaya imwe neimwe pane imwe yenyika yeUnited system yakawanda ine zvisungo zviviri zvakaoma: zita racho neyo . (nguva) kupinda. Uyezve, zvinyorwa zvaro (kana pane) mumwe nomumwe ane .. kupinda kunobatanidzwa pane iyo bhuku.
Kana uchinge uchitarisisa kuongorora shanduro, mushure mokunge waita zvinyorwa zvishomanana zvinyorwa zvishoma pane zvinyorwa zvekubatanidza kuverenga, inoziva kuti zvimwe zvinyorwa zviri mune zvinyorwa hazvisi zvinyorwa ( shandura mafaira mumutauro wechirongwa). Kana chete mazita emafaira ari kudiwa kuongororwa, hapana chikonzero chekutonga iwo; izvi zvinopa kuwedzera kukuru mukutsvaga kwekutsvaga.
Miedzo
Nhaurwa dzemagwaro dzinogona kutsanangurwa se:
| + n | Kukuru kune n. |
| -n | Nokuti pasi pe n. |
| n | Zvechokwadi n. |
| -amin n | Firipi yakapedzisira yawanikwa maminitsi apfuura. |
| -anewer [file] | Firipi yaipedzisira yawanikwa munguva pfupi kupfuura faira yakashandurwa. -mhosva inobatwa ne-inotevera chete kana-inotevera inouya isati yasvika -yo pamutemo wekutanga. |
| -atime n | Firipi yakapedzisira yawanikwa n * 24 maawa apfuura. |
| -cmin n | Ifa yehufumi yakashandurwa pakupedzisira maminitsi apfuura. |
| -cnewer [file] | Fomu yemo yakashandurwa pakupedzisira kupfuura faira yakashandurwa. - cnewer inobatwa ne- inotevera chete kana- inotevera inouya isati yasvika-iri pamusoro pemutsetse wemirairo. |
| -ctime n | Fomu yemo yakashandurwa pakupedzisira n * maawa makumi maviri akapfuura. |
| -empty | Faili haina chinhu uye inenge iri faira nguva dzose kana kuti zvinyorwa. |
| -afise | Nguva dzose inhema. |
| -fstype [rudzi] | Firipi iri pane zvinyorwa zvehuwandu hwehuwandu hwakajeka. Mhando yehutachiona yakakodzera inokanganisa pakati pezvinyorwa zvakasiyana zve Unix; chinyorwa chisina kukwana chemafaira emasikirwo ayo anogamuchirwa pane imwe shanduro ye Unix kana imwe ndeyo: ufs, 4.2, 4.3, nfs, tmp, mfs, S51K, S52K. Iwe unogona kushandisa -printf ne% F murairo kuti uone marudzi emafaira ako. |
| -gid n | Fiki's numeric group ID n . |
| -group [gname] | Firimu ndeyeboka gname (ID yekambani yakabvumirwa). |
| -dname [pattern] | Kufanana -iyo zita, asi mutsara ndeyekusava nehanya. |
| -iname [muenzaniso] | Kufanana -name , asi mutsara ndeyekusava nehanya. Somuenzaniso, mapepa fo * uye F ?? tsanidza mazita mafaira Foo , FOO , foo , fOo , nezvimwe. |
| -inum n | Faira ine inode nhamba n . |
| -ipati [muenzaniso] | Kufanana -pati , asi mutambo ndeyekusava nehanya. |
| -iregex [muenzaniso] | Sa--usx, asi mutambo wacho hauna kunyatsogadzikana. |
| -kufungidzira n | Firimu ine nhamba . |
| -lname [muenzaniso] | Firimu chiratidzo chekufananidzira chiri mukati mazvo sego shell pattern. Vaya vanotaura maitiro havaiti / kana . kunyanya. |
| -mmin n | Faili ye data yakagadziridzwa kushandurwa maminitsi apfuura. |
| -mtime n | Faili ye data yakagadziridzwa kushandiswa n * 24 maawa apfuura. |
| -name [muenzaniso] | Nheyo yezita refaira (iyo nzira neyokutungamira mabhuku yakabviswa) inofanidza shell pattern. Vashandisi ( * , ? , Uye [] ) havafanani ne . pakutanga kwezita rekutanga. Kuti urege kunyora bhuku uye mafaira ari pasi payo, shandisa -prune ; ona muenzaniso mune tsanangudzo ye-- thati . |
| -newer [file] | Firimu yakashandurwa munguva pfupi yapfuura kupfuura faira . Izwi -newera rinokanganiswa-- notevera chete kana- inotevera inouya isati yatanga-zvakare pane mutemo wemirairo. |
| -nouser | Hapana mushandisi anoenderana nefaira yeNhamba yeUnited ID. |
| -nogroup | Hapana boka rinowirirana nefaira yekiini yeIndaneti. |
| -pati [muenzaniso] | Zita refaira rinopindirana shell pattern pattern . Vaya vanotaura maitiro havaiti / kana . specially; saka, somuenzaniso, ona. -path './sr*sc ichadhinda chimwe chinyorwa chinonzi ./src/misc (kana imwe iriko). Kuregeredza yose bhuku rekuongorora, shandisa -prune panzvimbo yekuongorora mafaira ose mumuti. Semuenzaniso, kutsika pasi src / emacs uye zvese mafaira uye zvinyorwa pasi payo, uye nyora mazita emamwe mafaira akawanikwa, ita chimwe chinhu chakadai: ona. -path './src/emacs' -prune -o -print |
| -perm [mamiriro] | Faira yemvumo bits ndiyo chaiyo [mode] (octal kana yokufananidzira). Zviratidzo zvemufananidzo zvinoshandisa nzira 0 sechinhu chekuenda. |
| -perm-mode | Yese yemvumo bits [mode] yakagadzirirwa faira. |
| -perm + mode | Chero ipi yemvumo bits [mode] inogadzirirwa faira. |
| -arex [muenzaniso] | Zita refaira rinowirirana nguva dzose purogiramu . Uyu ndiwo mutsara pamugwagwa wose, kwete kutsvaga. Somuenzaniso, kufananidza faira inonzi ./fubar3, unogona kushandisa nguva dzose . * Bar. kana . * b. * 3 , asi kwete b. * r3 . |
| -size n [bckw] | Faira inoshandisa n units of space. Miriyamu iri 512-byte mabheji kana kusina kana kana b inotevera n , bytes kana c inotevera n , kilobytes kana k inotevera n , kana 2-byte mazwi kana w ichitotevera n . Ukuru hazvirevi matanho asinganzwisisiki, asi inotora mabheji mumafaira mashoma asina kunyatsopiwa. |
| -zvokwadi | Nguva dzose ichokwadi. |
| -pepe c | Firimu ndeyomutambo c : |
| b | Bvisa (buffered) inokosha |
| c | Unhu (usingabvumirwi) unokosha |
| d | Directory |
| p | Inonzi pipe (FIFO) |
| f | Nguva dzose faira |
| l | Symbolic link |
| s | Socket |
| D | musuo (Solaris) |
| -iid n | File's numeric user ID is n . |
| -used n | Firipi yakapedzisira yawanikwa n mazuva mushure mokunge huwandu hwacho hwakagadziridzwa pakupedzisira. |
| -user uname | Firimu inowanikwa nemushandisi uname (numeric user ID inobvumirwa). |
| -xtype c | Izvo zvakafanana-- pepe kunze kwekuti faira iri chiratidzo chekufananidzira. Nekufananidzirana kwekufananidzira: kana -kutevera asina kupiwa, kwechokwadi kana faira iri nechokubatanidza nefaira ye type c ; kana -kutevera kwakapiwa, ichokwadi kana c i. Mune mamwe mazwi, nokuda kwekufananidzira, -xtype inoongorora rudzi rwefaira iyo-- pepe haina kutarisa. |
Mabasa
-exec command ;
Execute command ; Ichokwadi kana chimiro chechipiri chidzorerwa. Zvose zvinotevera nharo dzekuwana zvinotorwa kuti zvive nharo kumurairo kusvikira gakava rinosanganisira `; ' inosangana. Rwonzi `{} 'rinotsiviwa nezwi razvino refaira riri kushandiswa kwose kwose rinoitika mumagumisiro kumurairo, kwete kungoita nharo apo iri yoga, sekumwe shanduro dzekuwana . Zvose izvi zvigadziro zvingada kupukunyuka (ne `\ ') kana kutorwa kuti zvidzivirire kubva pakuwedzera nehombodo. Mutemo unoshandiswa mukutanga kutora.
-fls file
Chokwadi; kufanana--s asi kunyora kunyorera se-fprint.
-fprint faira
Chokwadi; shandura yose yefaira zita mu file file . Kana faira isipo apo kuwana kunotanga, yakasikwa; kana iripo, inotorwa. Iyo mazita mazita `` / dev / stdout '' uye `` dev / stderr '' anotariswa kunyanya; iyo inotaura nezvehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu uye huwandu hunokanganisa kukanganisa, maererano.
-fprint0 file
Chokwadi; kufanana -print0 asi nyora kuti faira se-fprint.
-fprintf file fomu
Chokwadi; kufanana -printf asi kunyora kufaira se-firint.
-ok command ;
Kufanana -exec asi bvunza vashandisi kutanga (pamutsetse wepamusoro); kana mhinduro isingatangi ne `y 'kana kuti' Y ', usamhanya murairo, uye dzoka nhema.
Chokwadi; shandura zita rose refaira pahuwandu hwehuwandu hwemashoko, huchiteverwa nelineline.
-print0
Chokwadi; print the full file name on the standard output, followed by a null character. Izvi zvinobvumira mazita emafaira ane zvinyorwa zvitsva kuti zvinyatsotsanangurwa nemapurogiramu anogadzirisa kuwanikwa kunowanikwa .
-printf format
Chokwadi; shandura mafomati pamutengo wakatarwa, kududzira `\ 'kupona uye`%' mirayiridzo. Munda wepakati uye tsanangudzo inogona kutaurwa sezvinonzi `printf 'C basa. Kusiyana-nemiti, -printf haina kuwedzera mutsara wekupedzisira pakuguma kwetambo. Vakapukunyuka uye mazano ndeaya:
\ a
Alarm bell.
\ b
Backspace.
\ c
Rega kudhindwa kubva pane ino faira nokukurumidza uye kuvhara zvabuda.
\ f
Fomu kudya.
\ n
Newline.
\ r
Ngoro inodzoka.
\ t
Horizontal tab.
\ v
Vertical tab.
\\
Kubva shure kwekudzokera shure (`\ ').
\ NNN
Mhando iyo code ASCII ndeyeNNN (octal).
Mhando 'inotevera inoteverwa nemumwe unhu hunoonekwa semunhu wakajairika, saka zvose zviri zviviri zvakadhindwa.
%%
Ichokwadi chaiyo yepachiratidzo.
% a
Firimu yekupedzisira yekuwana nguva mumutauro wakadzorerwa neC `ctime 'basa.
% A k
Firimu yekupedzisira yekuwana nguva mumutauro wakataurwa na k , unova `@ 'kana kuti murairo weC` strftime' basa. Izvo zvinokwanisika tsika dze k dzakanyorwa pasi apa; mamwe acho angave asina kuwanika pane zvese zvese, nekuda kwekusiyana mu `strftime 'pakati penheyo.
@
miviri kubva Jan. 1, 1970, 00:00 GMT.
Nguva minda:
H
awa (00..23)
Ini
awa (01..12)
k
awa (0..23)
l
awa (1..12)
M
minute (00..59)
p
AM yenzvimbo kana PM
r
nguva, maawa 12 (hh: mm: ss [AP] M)
S
yechipiri (00..61)
T
nguva, maawa 24 (hh: mm: ss)
X
nguva yenguva yekumiririra (H: M: S)
Z
nguva yenguva (semuenzaniso, EDT), kana kuti hapana kana pasina nguva yenguva inogadziriswa
Date masikati:
a
nzvimbo yemazuva ano yakafuridzirwa zita (Sun..Sat)
A
nzvimbo yezuva rose yezita revhiki, kushanduka urefu (Svondo..Svondo)
b
zita remwedzi rakagadziriswa (Jan..Dec)
B
nzvimbo yemwedzi yakazara zita, shanduko urefu (January..December)
c
nzvimbo yezuva uye nguva (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1989)
d
zuva remwedzi (01..31)
D
musi (mm / dd / yy)
h
zvakafanana b
j
Zuva regore (001..366)
m
mwedzi (01..12)
U
vhiki yegore neSvondo sezuva rokutanga revhiki (00..53)
w
zuva revhiki (0..6)
W
vhiki yegore negore neMuvhuro sezuva rokutanga revhiki (00..53)
x
nzvimbo yemazuva ekufananidzira (mm / dd / yy)
y
pakupedzisira mairi maviri egore (00..99)
Y
gore (1970 ...)
% b
Ipaji yeusikisi mu 512-byte zvidzidzo (dzakapoteredzwa).
% c
Firimu yekupedzisira mamiriro ekushandura kwemazuva mumutauro wakadzorerwa neC `ctime 'basa.
% C k
Firimu yekupedzisira shanduko yekushandura nguva iri mumutauro wakataurwa na k , unofanana ne% A.
% d
Firimu yakadzika mumutauro wenyaya; 0 inoreva kuti faira iri mutezo wemutsetse wemirairo.
% f
Zita remufaira nemhando ipi neipi inotungamira yakabviswa (ndiyo chete yekupedzisira).
% F
Rudzi rwehuwandu hwefaira faira iri pairi; kukosha uku kunogona kushandiswa -fstype.
% g
Zita reboka reboka, kana kuti ID yechirungu chemazana kana boka risina zita.
% G
Fiki's numeric group ID.
% h
Kutungamirira mazita ezita refaira (zvose asi chinhu chekupedzisira).
% H
Raira mutsara wegasi pasi peiyo faira yakawanikwa.
% i
Firimu inode inhamba (mu decimal).
% k
Kukura kwefaira muzvikamu zveKK (zvakapoteredzwa).
% l
Chinangwa chekufananidzira chikwata (chisina chinhu chine faira hachisi chirevo chekubatanidza).
% m
Faira yemvumo bits (muna octal).
% n
Nhamba yekubatana kwakaoma kuisa faira.
% p
Faili yezita.
% P
Firipi zita nezita remashoko ekurayira komutemo pasi paakawanikwa yakabviswa.
% s
Sifa yeusikisi mumatope.
% t
Firimu yekupedzisira kugadziridza nguva muchimiro chakadzorerwa neC `ctime 'basa.
% T k
Firimu yekugadziridza nguva yekupedzisira muchimiro chakataurwa ne k , iyo yakafanana ne% A.
% u
Firiji yezita revashandisi, kana nhamba yeuwandisi yechirungu kana munhu asina zita.
% U
File's numeric user ID.
A `% 'mutezo unoteverwa nemumwewo unhu unoregererwa (asi mumwe unhu unoparidzirwa).
-prune
Kana -puti haina kupiwa, yechokwadi; usaburuka pakurongwa kwemazuva ano.
Kana--puti inopiwa, nhema; hazvina maturo.
-ls
Chokwadi; nyora pasi faira iri mu `ls -dils 'format pamusana pabuda. Nhamba yezvikwereti ndeyekuvhara 1K kunze kwekuti nzvimbo yakasiyana-siyana inoshandiswa POSIXLY_CORRECT inogadziriswa, iyo iyo 512-byte mabheji anoshandiswa.
Operators
Yakanyorwa muhurongwa hwekuderera mberi:
( expr )
Shingairira mberi.
! expr
Ichokwadi kana expr ishema .
-sot expr
Zvakafanana ne ! expr .
expr1 expr2
Uye (kureva); expr2 haina kuongororwa kana expr1 isiri.
expr1 -a expr2
Same sexpr1 expr2 .
expr1- uye expr2
Same sexpr1 expr2 .
expr1 -o expr2
Kana; expr2 haina kuongororwa kana expr1 ichokwadi.
expr1 -or expr2
Same sexpr1 -o expr2 .
expr1 , expr2
Nyora; zvose expr1 uye expr2 zvinogara zvichiongororwa. Kukosha kwexpr1 kwakabviswa; kukosha kwerwendo ndiko kukosha kwexpr2 .
Mienzaniso
ona / kumba -user joeTsvaga mafaira ose pasi pewadhiro / imba inoshandiswa nemujoe user.
ona / usr -name * statTsvaga mafaira ose pasi pe "directory" usr inopera mu ".stat".
ona / var / spool -mtime +60Tsvaga mapepa ose pasi pe-directory / var / spool yakashandurwa kwemazuva makumi matanhatu apfuura.
tsvaga / tmp -name core -type f -print | xargs / bin / rm -fTsvaga mafaira anonzi core mukati kana pasi pemabhuku / tmp uye uvanatse. Cherechedza kuti izvi zvichishanda zvisina kururama kana paine chero mafirimu ane zvinyorwa zvitsva, zvinyorwa zvitsva kana zviviri, kana nzvimbo.
tsvaga / tmp -name core -type f -print0 | xargs -0 / bin / rm -fTsvaga mafaira anonzi core mukati kana pasi pemabhuku / tmp uye uvanatse, kugadzirisa mafaira nenzira yakadaro iyo faira kana mazita mazita ane zvinyorwa zvitsva kana zviviri, zvivako kana zvinyorwa zvitsva zvakanyatsogadziriswa. I-- name test inouya pamberi pe-- pepe test kuitira kuti usadzivisa kutumidza stat (2) pane faira yose.
ona. -pepe f -exec file '{}' \;Runs `file 'pane imwe faira iri pasi kana pasi pezvino. Cherechedza kuti mabhesi aya akavharwa mune rimwe chete mavara manzwiro kuti avadzivirire kubva kududziro sehomwe yechiratidzo. Iyo semicolon yakafanana yakachengetedzwa nekushandiswa kwekudzokera shure, kunyange ';' ingadai yakashandiswa munyaya iyo zvakare.
ona / \ (-perm -4000 -fprintf /root/suid.txt '% # m% u% p \ n' \), \ \ (-size + 100M -fprintf /root/big.txt '% -10s% p \ n '\)Dzoka pane zvinyorwa zvese kamwechete, kuisa mafaira etukuro uye mairaire ku /root/suid.txt uye mafaira makuru ku /root/big.txt .
ona $ HOME-mtime 0Tsvaga mafaira muimba yako yekunyora iyo yakashandurwa mumaawa makumi maviri nemana ekupedzisira. Uyu murairo unoshanda nenzira iyi nokuti nguva kubva pane faira rimwe nerimwe yakagadziridzwa kugadziriswa yakakamurwa nemaawa makumi maviri nemana uye imwe sarasi inorasikirwa. Izvozvo zvinoreva kuti kutarisana- mhedheni
0 , faira ichafanirwa kuchinjwa munguva yakapfuura iyo isiri maawa makumi maviri apfuura.
ona. -perm 664Tsvaga mafaira akaverenga nekunyora mvumo kune muridzi wavo, neboka, asi vamwe vashandisi vanogona kuverenga asi kwete kunyora. Mafaira anoenderana nemitemo iyi asi ane zvimwe zvibvumirano zvigadziriswa (somuenzaniso kana mumwe munhu aigona kuita faira) hazvifananidzi.
ona. -perm -664Tsvaga mafaira akaverenga nekunyora mvumo kune muridzi wavo neboka, uye vamwe vashandisi vanogona kuverenga, pasina kutarisa kuvapo kwemvumo yepamusoro bits (somuenzaniso inotableable bit). Izvi zvichafananidza nefaira ine maitiro 0777, semuenzaniso.
ona. -perm / 222Tsvaga mafaira anonyorwa nomumwe munhu (muridzi wavo, kana boka ravo, kana ani zvakewo).
ona. -perm / 220 kuwana. -perm / u + w, g + w ona. -perm / u = w, g = wZvose mitatu yemirairo iyi inoita zvimwechetezvo, asi yekutanga inoshandisa maitiro ekutevedza kwefaira mode, uye imwe iyo mbiri inoshandisa chimiro chekufananidzira. Iyi inorayira zvose kutsvaga mafaira ayo anonyorwa nemuridzi wavo kana boka ravo. Mafaira haafaniri kuve akanyorwa navose muridzi uye boka kuti rienzane; zvimwe vachaita.
ona. -perm -220 kuwana. -perm-g + w, u + wZvose izvi mirairo inoita zvimwechetezvo; tsvaga mafaira ayo anonyorwa navose muridzi wavo neboka ravo.
ona. -perm -444 -perm / 222! -perm / 111 kuwana. -perm -a + r -perm / a + w! -perm / a + xIyi mirayiridzo miviri inotsvaga faira inogona kuverengwa kuvanhu vose (-perm -444 kana -perm -a + r), ivai nechepamusoro pekunyorera bit inogadzirirwa (-perm / 222 kana -erm / a + w) asi isingashandisi kune ani zvake (! -perm / 111 uye! -perm / a + x maererano)
Zvinonyanya kukosha: Shandisa mutemo wevanhu ( % munhu ) kuti uone kuti murairo unoshandiswa sei pane imwe kombiyuta.