Linux - Linus 'Unix
Munyika inokurumidza kufamba-famba yekombiyuta tekombiyuta, chero chii chakaitika makore anopfuura gumi akapfuura chinoratidzika kuva nhoroondo yekare. Kunyange iyo yakabva kuLinux, iyo yaimbova mwana mutsva pachibvumirano che Unix, inotanga kupera kune imwe nzvimbo yapfuura.
Zviratidzo zvekutanga zveLinux zvinogona kuteverwa kumashure kusvika kure neBC AT panguva yakatarisana nePC kusvika muna 1991 AC A wechidiki wechidiki paYunivhesiti yeHelsinki, Finland, aiva nechinangwa: kuvaka sangano re Unix-shanduro yeByM compatible PC. Uyu mudzidzi, Linus Torwalds, akanga achiedza ne Minix, huru yeUnix OS yePC, yakagadzirwa naAndi Andrew S. Tanenbaum kubva kuAmsterdam, The Netherlands. Linus aida kukudziridza Unix OS yePC yake yakakunda kukundikana kweMikisikiti. Izvo zvakangoitika zvokuti pikicha yePC, iyo yaakagadzira yake itsva uye yakagadziridzwa Unix OS, yaizoshandurwa mumutsara unonyanya kubudirira wemakombiyuta. Izvi zvakagadzira hwaro hwekukurumbira kweLinux nokukurumidza. Tarenda yaLinus uye kushanda zvakaoma uye kutsigirwa kunobva munzvimbo yakasununguka yakasara yakaita zvimwe.
Pakati pechikamu chechipiri cha1991, izvo zvisingambofungidziki zvakatanga kuva chokwadi kana Linus akaita shanduro 0.02 yeiyo yaizozivikanwa se "Linux" (" Linu s 'Uni x ") inowanikwa kune nzvimbo yakasununguka. Pakazosvika 1994 akanga akagadzirira kusunungura Linux Kernel yekutanga (version 1.0) kunyika. Imwe nguva yaive yakabuda, yakakurumidza kupararira, yakawana simba uye yakashanduka kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ("kugovera"). Nhasi, kune inofungidzirwa vanoshandisa mamiriyoni 29 eLinux; vazhinji vavo varikushingaira pakugadzira software yei uye nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudza kernel.
Chimwe chezvikonzero zvekudzivirirwa kweLinux kunobva kune reisiti iyo yakabudiswa, GNU General Public License. Iko kunovimbisa kuti Linux code code inowanika pachena kune vose, uye munhu wose anogona kubatsira pakuvandudza kwayo. Izvi zvakanyatsowedzera zviuru zvemapurogiramu kuTinux team development. Pasinei nekunetseka kwekuti vazhinji vanobika vanogona kuparadza sopu, inoramba iine chokwadi chokuti nhamba huru yevashandisi veLinux yakabudisa chirongwa chekushanda kwehutano husati hwavapo uye hune simba, ine mashoma akawanda anowanika purogiramu yemapurogiramu emabhizimisi maviri nemafaro.
Zvadaro ngatitarisei zvimwe zvekunakirwa kweLinux iyo yakaita kuti ive sarudzo yekushanda kwemamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose.
Linux Makomborero
- Kudhura kwakaderera: Haufaniri kushandisa nguva nemari kuti uwane mabhizimisi kubva kuLinux uye zvizhinji zvepurogiramu yacho inouya neGNU General Public License. Iwe unogona kutanga kushanda pakarepo usinganetseki kuti software yako inogona kurega kushanda chero nguva nokuti shanduro yepachena isingagumi. Uyezve, pane hurukuro dzekuchengetedza kubva kwauri iwe unogona kusunungura zvakasununguka purogiramu yepamusoro yepurogiramu kune chero chero basa raunogona kufunga.
- Kugadzikana: Linux haifaniri kudzorerwazve nguva nenguva kuti ichengetedze maitiro. Iyo haisviki kana kuti inononoka pane nguva nekuda kwekuyeuka kwekuyeuka uye zvakadaro. Kuenderera mberi kwemazana emazuva emazuva (kusvika kune gore kana kupfuura) hazvisi zvisizvo.
- Basa: Linux inopa hurumende yakasimba pakushanda pamabasa uye pamakanzura. Inogona kubata nhamba dzakawanda dzevashandi panguva imwe chete, uye inogona kuita makombiyuta ekare zvakakwana kugamuchira kuti ave zvakare zvakare.
- Network ushamwari: Linux yakagadzirwa neboka revatadzi paIndaneti saka ine rubatsiro rwakasimba rwehutano hunoshanda; mutevedzeri uye masangano evhavha anogona kuiswa nyore nyore pane chero kombiyuta inoshandisa Linux. Iyo inogona kuita mabasa akadai sekuchengetedza mabhakitiridzo nokukurumidza uye zvakanyanya kuvimbika kune dzimwe nzira dzakasiyana.
- Kugadzikana: Linux inogona kushandiswa kwekushanda kwemashandiro evharesi, mapurojekiti, uye maitiro akaiswa. Iwe unogona kuchengetedza disk nzvimbo nekungoisa izvo zvinenge zvichinyanya kushandiswa. Iwe unogona kurega kushandiswa kwemakombiyuta chaiwo nekuisa nokuda kwekutsanangura mahofisi ehofisi chete pane nzvimbo yose.
- Kubatirana: Inoshandisa zvose zvinowanikwa Unix software software uye inogona kushandura dzose mafirimu mafaira.
- Chisarudzo: Nhamba huru yekuparadzanisa kweLinux inokupa sarudzo. Kugoverwa kwega kwega kunogadzirwa uye kunotsigirwa nesangano rakasiyana. Iwe unogona kusarudza iyo yaunofarira zvikuru; izvo zvinoita basa guru ndizvo zvakafanana; most software inoenderera mberi pane zvakaparadzirwa.
- Kutsvaga nekutsvaga nyore: Inonyanya kugoverwa kweLinux inouya neinoshandiswa-user friendly nekugadzira mapurogiramu. Kuparadzirwa kweLinux yakakurumbira kunouya nezvishandiso zvinogadzira kushandiswa kwemamwe mapurogiramu anonyanya kushandiswa.
- Kushandisa zvakazara disk hard: Linux inopfuurira basa zvakanaka kunyange kana dhayi rakaoma razara.
- Multitasking: Linux yakagadzirirwa kuita zvinhu zvakawanda panguva imwe chete; semuenzaniso, basa guru rokudhinda mumucheto haruzoperi pasi rimwe basa rako.
- Chekuchengetedza: Linux imwe yenzvimbo dzakachengeteka zvikuru dzekushanda. "Masvingo" uye kushandiswa kwepafaira yekuwana ruzivo mvumo inodzivirira kuwanikwa nevasingadi vaenzi kana mavairasi. Vashandi veLinux vanofanira kusarudza kusarudza uye kuchengeteka software, pasina mari, kubva paIndaneti repositories ine zviuru zvehupamhi hwepamusoro. Hapana kutenga kutengesa kunoda nhamba dzekadhi rechikwereti kana zvimwe ruzivo rwehutu hwehutano hunodiwa.
- Vhura Chinyorwa: Kana iwe ukavaka software inoda ruzivo kana kugadziriswa kwekodhi yekodhi yepurogiramu, code ye Linux iri pamuromo wako. Most Linux applications are Open Source also.
Nhasi kusanganiswa kwemakombiyuta asingadhura uye mahwindo ehurumende yakasununguka ekushandisa maitiro uye software zvinopa zvigadziriswe zvisingakwanisi kugadzirisa zvigadziriswa zvekushandisa kwekushandisa pamba pamba uye kushandiswa kwepamusoro kwebhizimisi nesayenzi. Izvo zvisarudzo zviripo zve Linux distributions uye Linux software zvingava zvinotyisa pakutanga, asi kana iwe uchiziva kuti ungatarisa, hazvifaniri kutora nguva refu kuti uwane mazano akanaka paIndaneti.