MacOS: Chii uye Chii Chitsva?

Makate makuru uye nzvimbo dzakakurumbira: Nhoroondo ye macOS uye OS X

MacOS ndiro zita idzva re Unix-based operating system iyo inotanga paMac hardware, kusanganisira madhidhiyo uye zvinyorwa zvinotakura. Uye apo zita racho ritsva, zvinhu uye zvigadziro zveMac kushandiswa kwehurongwa zvine nhoroondo refu, sezvaunenge uchiverenga pano.

Iyo Macintosh yakatanga hupenyu kuburikidza nehurongwa hwekushandisa hunozivikanwa seChirongwa, iyo yakabudisa shanduro kubva kuNyendo 1 kusvika kuChimwe 7. Muna 1996, System yakadzorerwa zvakare seMac OS 8, ine shanduro yekupedzisira, Mac OS 9, yakabudiswa muna 1999.

Apple yaida sangano rekushanda remazuva ano kuti rigadzirire Mac OS 9 uye kutora Macintosh mune ramangwana , saka muna 2001, Apple yakabudisa OS X 10.0; Cheetah, sezvaizivikanwa zvikuru. OS X yaiva OS itsva, yakavakwa pa Unix-like kernel, iyo yakaburitsa matanho epamusoro akawanda ekudzivirira, kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza, uye chirongwa chekushandisa chinogona kukura nekombiyuta itsva iyo Apple yaifungidzira.

Muna 2016, Apple yakashandura zita re OS X ku macOS, kuti rive nani pane zita rekushanda pamwe chete nezvose zveMicro products ( iOS , watchOS , uye tvOS ). Kunyange zvazvo zita racho rakashandurwa, macOS inoshandisa midzi yayo ye Unix, uye iyo inoshandiswa yerudzi rwekushandura uye zvinhu.

Kana iwe wakanga uchishamisika pamusoro pezvakaitika zve macOS, kana kana zvikamu zvawedzerwa kana kuti zvabviswa, verenga kuti uone kumashure kwa2001, apo OS X Cheetah yakatangwa, uye dzidza kuti chii chinotevera shanduro yehutachiona yakaunza nayo.

01 ye14

macOS High Sierra (10.13.x)

Nhamba yekutanga yekubudiswa: Dzimwe nguva munguva yekupera kwa2017; ikozvino mu beta .

Mutengo: Free download (inoda kuwana Mac Mac Store).

MacOS High Sierra chinangwa chikuru chekugadzirisa kushanda uye kugadzikana kwekambani ye macOS. Asi izvozvo hazvina kumisa Apple pakuwedzera zvitsva uye kuvandudzwa kwehutachiona.

• APFS: The Apple File System (APFS) chaizvoizvo haisi itsva; yakatanga kuiswa muCOS Sierra. Chii chinoita kuti kuiswa mu macOS High Sierra chinhu chinokosha ndechekuti ikozvino APFS file system ndiyo yakashata; izvi zvisati zvaitika, zvakanga zvangowanikwa seimwe nzira. Kunyange zvazvo APFS ikozvino inowanzoita, iwe unogona kushandisa yekare HFS + file system, kana uchida.
• HEVC: High Efficiency Video Encoding (HEVC) inowanzomiririra mitemo inopa huwandu hwakanaka hwekuenzanisa neH.264, iyo isina kushandiswa mumashanduro akapfuura e macOS.
• Tsvina yeseri 2: Iyi teknolojia itsva inoita kuti vateereri vema Mac vave pedyo nekusvikirira zvakananga kune maMic's processing processing units. Kubvisa kudikanwa kwekushandisa zvikamu zvepakati pekugadzirisa kutarisa mafirimu kunofanirwa kubvumira vashanduri kuti vashandise zvakanakisisa kushanda kwezvigadzirwa-maitiro makuru. Sirivo 2 inobvumirawo GPUs kushandiswa kuti iwedzere kushandiswa kwemichina, kuzarura hutsva hunoita kune vadzidzisi uye mapurogiramu avo. Uye kana yako gadziri yemakadhi kadiri isingasviki, Metal 2 inotsigira kunze makadhi machena akabatanidzwa neThunderbolt 3.
• Safari: The default web browser, Safari inoona teknolojia itsva iri kuiswa, kusanganisira Intelligent Tracking Prevention kudzivirira ushamwari uye inokubvumira kuti uone kuti kushandiswa kwevhangeri kunowanikwa sei panzvimbo yakawanda uye nzvimbo yepaiti. Uyezve, Safari inowana simba rekuvhara mavhidhiyo-kutamba mavhidhiyo, chinhu chikuru chechikamu chekamuri kusvika kune simba rayo rekudzivirira kutamba-kutamba audio.
• Mifananidzo: Mifananidzo inowana mhando yezvishandiso zvitsva, kusanganisira yakashata sidebar, kurongeka kweMafuta Live, uye nhengo itsva ye Memory yekugadzira mifananidzo yako. Panewo kugadziriswa kwemaziso, zvitsva zvitsva, uye zvishandiso zvitsva zveKurve uye Selective Color.

02 of 14

MacOS Sierra (10.12.x)

Nhamba yekutanga yakasunungurwa: September 20, 2016

Mutengo: Free download (inoda kuwana Mac Mac Store)

MacOS Sierra ndiyo yekutanga ye macos series of operating systems. Chinangwa chikuru chezita racho chinoshanduka kubva ku OS X kusvika ku macOS chaiva kubatanidza mhuri yeApple yekushandura maitiro mune rimwe gungano rezita zita: iOS, tvOS, watchOS, uye ikozvino macOS. Mukuwedzera kwezita zita rekushandurwa, macOS Sierra yakaunza nhamba yezvitsva zvitsva uye zvinyorwa zvemashoko akambovapo.

• Siri: Siri inogona kuva nhepfenyuro yekare kune vashandi veIOS, asi macOS Sierra ndiyo yekutanga Siri yakabata Mac . Munhu akachenjera anobatsira anowanikwa kubva kuDock uye Menu Bar, uyewo kubva pakutsvaga kwebhodibhodhi. Nebasa shoma nemushandisi, Siri inogonawo kugadzirirwa kupindura zvakananga kumirairo yezwi kunze kwokutanga kutanga invoka chirongwa cheSiri.
• APFS: Apple yaisanganisira kutanga kweApple File System sechikamu cheSAC Sierra. APFS haina kushandurwa nekutadza, uye kwakanga kusina zvibatsiro kunze kweGedhi iyo inogona kushandiswa kuyanana neyo itsva faira system. Semugumisiro, vashoma vashandisi veMac vaiziva itsva yemafaira yemazuva ano yaivepo pane dzavo.
• Night Shift: Kusimuka kwemazuva kwakawedzerwa kuMacOS Sierra pamwe ne 10.12.4 kusunungurwa. Iyo inofanidza chinhu chinowanikwa muIOS iyo inobvumira kuti kuratidzwa kuwedzere chiedza chebhuruu sezvo manheru anoenderera mberi. Iko kuwedzera kwechiedza chebhuruu, pamwe chete nekuderedzwa kwakafanana kwechiedza, kunofanirwa kubatsira rubatsiro.
• Kugadziriswa Kuchengetedzwa: Ichi chinhu chitsva cheMACOS chinokubvumira kushandisa zviduku zvishoma asi iwe unogona kuwana yakawanda yedata. Mukubatana ne iCloud Drive, Kugadziriswa Kwekuchengetedza kunogona kutora imwe yenharaunda yako yemunharaunda kumakore, zvichikubvumira kusunungura nzvimbo pakudenga kwako. Nhamba yakashambadzirwa ichiri kuoneka ichiripo munzvimbo yako, asi kana iwe uchida ruzivo, yakadzorerwa kubva ku iCloud Drive yako.
• Tabs Kwese: Zvirongwa zvinosanganisira kutsigirwa kwemawindo akawanda zvinowana kubatsirwa kwemawindo aya aripo kubva pane tab tab yakagadzirwa nehutachiona.
• Disk Utility: Iyi yevhangeri inobatsira kukwanisa uye kugadzirisa mapepa e RAID , chimwe chinhu chakarasika mu OS X El Capitan.

03 of 14

OS X El Capitan (10.11.x)

Nhamba yekutanga yakasunungurwa: September 30, 2015

Mutengo: Free download (inoda kuwana Mac Mac Store)

Shanduro yekupedzisira ye Mac Mac system yokushandisa kushandisa OS X nomenclature, El Capitan akaona huwandu hwekuvandudza , pamwe nekubviswa kwezvimwe zvikamu, zvichiita kuti kudanidzira kunobva kuvashandi vakawanda.

• Split View: Split View yakaunza nhengo yeIOS - kukwanisa kuona mahwindo maviri e-screen-side pamwe-kune Mac. Iko Mac yakatsigira zvizere-screen apps kubvira OS X Lion, asi Split View yakaunza hutsva hunoenderana nehuwandu.
• Maitiro Akawanda-Kubata: Kunyange zvazvo chirongwa chekushandisa chakatsigira zviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana kubva pakusikwa kweMicrosoft Mouse uye Magic Trackpad, El Capitan yakabatsigira zvakananga zviratidzo kune mamwe mabasa, kusanganisira Mail neMashoko.
• Mepu: Izvo mapikicha yemapurisa akaona huwandu hwemashoko ekufambisa mashoko akawedzerwa kumapuwa emagariro Kutsigirwa kwekutanga kwaive kwakanyanya kumaguta makuru makuru, asi mamwe mapepa ekufambisa akawedzerwa nekuvandudzwa kunotevera.
• Disk Utility: Disk Utility yakaona kushandiswa kukuru kwechishandisi chekushandisa, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira kukwanisa kugadzira uye kutsigira mapiritsi e RAID.
• Zvinotaridzika: Injini yekutsvaga yakatarisa yakaona kuwedzerwa kwemamiriro ekunze, mashizha, nhau, uye nhamba yemitambo sezvinhu zvinotsvaga.
• Sangano Kuvimbika Kudzivirirwa: SIP (System Integrity Protection) yakanga iri chinhu chitsva chekuchengetedzwa chakabatanidzwa mu OS. NeSIP, maitiro akawanda emafaira uye maitiro haagoni kugadziridzwa nemamwe mapurogiramu kana maitiro, kunyange kana mudzidzi aine midzi yekuwana. SIP inoshanda zvikuru pakudzivirira nzira inoparadza, newarereji kana nengozi.

04 we14

OS X Yosemite (10.10.x)

Musi wekutanga wekubudiswa: October 16, 2014

Mutengo: Free download (inoda kuwana Mac Mac Store)

OS X Yosemite akaunza nayo kugadzirisa kukuru kwehushandisi. Kunyange zvazvo zvinyorwa zvekushandura zvakaramba zviri zvimwe chete, kutarisa kwakagadziriswa, kushandura skeuomorph nyanzvi yekuzivikanwa kweMicro yepakutanga, iyo yakashandisa kugadzira cues iyo yakaratidza basa chaiyo chechinhu, neine flat flat graphic design user interface yakaratidzwa muIOS madivaysi. Mukuwedzera kune kuchinja kune zvidhori uye menus, kushandiswa kwemavara akajeka mawindo maita kuti vaonekwe.

Lucida Grande, iyo yakashata system, yakashandurwa naHelvetica Neue, uye Dock yakarashika mararamiro emurasi waro remafirimu, yakatsiviwa nekatsva 2D rectangle.

• Kuenderera mberi neHandoff: Yosemite yaisanganisira kukwanisa kwehutano hwekushandura kuwirirana ne iOS 8 kana gare gare zvigadzirwa. Nekushandiswa kweHandoff, basa rakashandisa Bluetooth LE uye Wi-Fi, vashandisi vangashandisa maMacs avo kuisa kana kupindura foni kuburikidza neIphones dzavo, pamwe chete kushandisa iPhones dzavo kuti dzigadzire nzvimbo dzekutsvaga, dzichibvumira maMacs kuti avoneke kune ma iPhone data plan. Kuenderera mberi kwakashandisa teknolojia yakafanana kubvumira vashandisi kuti vashande mune imwe purogiramu pane imwe kifaa, taurai iPad, uye zvadaro tora apo chavakasiya mubhiiyo rakafanana kuMac.
• Notifications Center: The Notifications Center yakawedzera mazuva ano maonero anooneka panguva dzakakodzera, dzakadai sezhizha, mashizha, uye zviitiko zvekare.
• Mifananidzo: Yosemite 10.10.3 yakaona iPhotos uye Aperture yakatsiviwa nehutori hwemifananidzo yehutano hwemifananidzo. Iyo yekutanga yekushandiswa kweMifananidzo yakanga isina zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvePhotos kana Aperture izvo vashandi vakanga vauya kuzovimba nazvo, uye vakaonekwa sechitsotsi chinodzoka nevakawanda. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvitsva zveVhidhiyo zvakataurira zvakawanda zvinoshandiswa nevashandi.
• Nenzira Yemafu: A new system preference iyo yakasvibisa bhari yemenyu uye Dock mukuchengetedza maitiro muzvizhinji zvekushandisa kushandisa masikati machena.

05 of 14

OS X Mavericks (10.9.x)

Musi wokutanga wakasunungurwa: October 22, 2013

Mutengo: Free download (inoda kuwana Mac Mac Store)

OS X Mavericks akatarisa kuguma kwekutumidza maitiro ekushanda mushure mekutya makati; panzvimbo pacho, Apple yakashandisa mazita mazita eCalifornia. Mavericks inoreva imwe yemakwikwi makuru ekufambisa makwikwi anowanikwa gore negore kubva kumhenderekedzo yeCalifornia, pedyo nePillar Point, kunze kweguta reHalf Moon Bay.

Kuchinja kwaMavericks kwakanyanya kuwedzera pakuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba nekuwedzera upenyu hwebhetri.

• Timer Coalescing: Iyi nzira yakaderedza CPU kushandiswa nekugadzirisa mabasa. Izvi zvakabvumira CPU kugara ichiita mabasa ekuita apo yakamuka, uye yakabvumira CPU kurara kuti iite kwenguva yakareba. Mugumisiro wekuguma wakanga usina kuderera kubva pakurara, nekukurumidza basa rose basa, nekuderedza kushandiswa kwebhetri nekuda kwenguva refu CPU nguva dzehope.
• App Nap: Before App Nap, mamwe maitiro akange ari kumhanya asi asingaiti chero basa rinobatsira; somuenzaniso, kumirira kwekushandisa kwevashandi kunogona kuchengetedza mapurogiramu kushanda, kuparadza simba uye kuunza kupisa pasina pfuma chaiye. App Nap inogona kuisa mapurogiramu ega ega kuti avete pavakanga vasina kushanda, kana kana mahwindo avo nemabhokisi ebhokisi akange akavanzwa nemamwe mapurogiramu pahwindo.
• Memory Compressed: Mavericks akaona kuiswa kwehutori hutsva hwekuchengetwa kwepamusoro hwakabatsira kudzivirira disk paging, uye vakashandisa zviri nani mhemberero iripo. Mhedzisiro yekuguma ndeyekuti Memory Compressed yakawedzera kushanda kwebasa kuburikidza nekushandisa zviri nani nzvimbo RAM. Izvo zvaivawo nemigumisiro yechirwere yekuda madhini maduku e RAM kuita mabasa, kugadzira Mac nekawandu ye RAM yakagadzirirwa kuita sezvayakanga iine yakawanda kudarika yaicho chaiyo.
• iCloud Keychain: Vashandi vanobvumirwa kuchengetedza mapepa emaji, mazita evashandisi, uye mamwe mashoko eZvo zvakachengeteka muICloud, uye vozoshandisa ruzivo pane chero ipi zvayo yeApps devices.
• Mepu: Mushonga weMapu wakaiswa kuMac, kufanana nemapurogiramu eMapu anowanikwa pamadivaysi eIOS.
• Safari: IJavaScript injini yakatanga kuiswa ne Safari iyo yakanyanya kuwedzera kubudirira kwaS Safari, ichirova Chrome uye Firefox mumabasa akawanda.
• Tsvaga: The Finder yakawedzera pane zvinyorwa zvemashandisi, pamwe chete nekutakura maitiro ekugadzira mafaira.

06 of 14

OS X Mountain Lion (10.8.x)

Musi wekutanga wekubudiswa: July 25, 2012

Mutengo: Free download (inoda kuwana Mac Mac Store)

Shanduro yekupedzisira yebasa rekushandiswa kunzi zita mushure mekati huru, OS X Mountain Lion yakaenderera mberi chinangwa chekubatanidza mabasa akawanda eMac uye iOS. Kuti ubatsire kuunza mapurogiramu pamwe chete, Mountain Lion zvakare inonzi Name Book kune Vatengi, ICal kuKarenda, uye yakashandurwa iChat neMashoko. Pamwe chete nezita rekushandura zita, shanduro idzva dzakawana nzira iri nyore yekugadzirisa dhaka pakati peApple devices.

• Notifications Center: Zvitsva neMakomo Lion, iyo Notifications Centre yakapa nzira yakabatana yekugamuchira nekugadzirisa zviyeuchidzo zvakabudiswa nezvidzidzo uye webhutaneti.
• Nhamba: Chikamu chikamu cheMirasi, Nhepfenyuro dzave dzakapararira seyo pachake purogiramu yakasiyana; izvi zvakafananidzirwa neChinyorwa kushandiswa muIOS. Nhepfenyuro dzaibvumirana pane dzose dzeApps madivaysi emashandisi.
• Mharidzo: Izwi reMitambo yeMashoko rakatsiva iyo iChat app yakatarwa zvakanaka iyo ndiyo yakangoshandiswa pakarepo purogiramu yemapurogiramu yemadhora mumadzinza akapfuura e OS X. Mharidzo dzakatsigirwa Apple iMessage protocol inoshandiswa mumadivaysi eIOS, uyewo XMPP (Jabber), AIM (AOL Instant Messaging) ), uye OSCAR, pamwe nekubatanidza ne Yahoo! Mutumwa neGoogle Talk.
• Mutambo Wemutambo: Imwe nzira itsva yekutora crossover kubva kuIOS, Game Center yakakubvumira kuti utambe kune vamwe vatambi veMitambo Centre, chengetedza zvikwereti uye zvidimbu, uye tevera mutungamiri bhodhi yemutambo mumwe nomumwe.
• AirPlay Mirroring: Ichi chinhu chitsva chakabvumira kuti zvinyorwa zvekuratidzira kwako zvionekwe pane imwe piraneti yeTV TV pane network yako.

07 of 14

OS X Simba (10.7.x)

Nhamba yekutanga yakasunungurwa: July 20, 2011

Mutengo: Free download (inoda OS X Snow Leopard kuti iwane Mac App Store)

Shumba ndiyo yekutanga ye Mac Mac operating system inowanikwa sekudzivirirwa kubva kuMac App Store, uye yaida Mac ne 64-Bit Intel processor. Izvi zvaireva kuti dzimwe dzeIntel Macs dzokutanga dzakashandisa 32-bit Intel mapurisa haigoni kuongororwa ku OS X Lion. Mukuwedzera, Shumba yakadonha rubatsiro rweRosetta, runyararo rwakave rwuri chikamu chezvinyorwa zvekutanga zve OS X. Rosetta akabvumira zvinyorwa zvakanyorerwa PowerPC Macs (kwete-Intel) kuti dzishandise paMacs akashandisa Intel mapurisa.

OS X Lion yakanga iriwo yekutanga ye Mac Mac operating system kusanganisira zvinhu kubva kuIOS; kutendeuka kwe OS X ne iOS kwakatanga nekusunungurwa uku. Chimwe chezvinangwa zveShumba chakanga chiri kutanga kutanga kugadzira kufanana pakati peEssi mbiri, kuitira kuti mumwe munhu atange kufamba pakati pezviviri asina zvidzidzo zvechokwadi. Kuti uite izvi, pane zvimwe zvitsva zvitsva uye mapurogiramu zvakawedzerwa kuti zvinoshandiswa kuti iyo interface yeIOS yakashanda sei.

• Launchpad: Ichi chitsva chekushanda chekushanda chakaratidza uye chakashanda sechikwata chekushandisa muIOS. Nokuti Launchpad iri purogiramu, haina kutora faira yeDock kana Applications iripo; pane kudaro, yakangopa imwe nzira yekutanga mapurogiramu.
• Mipumburu Mabhairi: iOS inoshandisa nzira inonzi yakasununguka kwepanyama, uye OS X Lion yakanyora iyo seyo nzira yokupereta isina kuitika. Kune vazhinji vashandisi veMac, chigumisiro chacho chakanga chakavhiringidza, sezvo mutungamiri wekupukuta wakashandurwa. Nenzira inofadza, maitiro avarudzo akakurudzira iwe kusarudza nzira yaunoda kushandisa . Mukuwedzera kune kupisa kwepanyama, mipumburu yakave yakave isina kuonekwa kana isiri kushandiswa. Izvi zvinogonawo kuchinjwa mumagadzirirwo enyika.
• Auto Save uye Versions: Zvitsva ne OS X Lion, Auto Save zvibvumirwe zvinochengetedza zvinyorwa sezvaunenge uchishanda nazvo; Zvinyorwa zvakakubvumira kuti uwane mavhesi akare edhipatimendi.
• Tsvaga Space Layout Randomization: Iyi nzira yekuchengetedza inopa nheyo yehurongwa uye yepurogiramu kunzvimbo dzakasarudzwa dzakarongwa mupfungwa. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira malware kubva pakatarisa nzvimbo inozivikanwa kuti injike pachayo mue app kana sebasa.
• Faira Murairi 2: Yakaiswa Faira Vault kuti ipe full disk encryption pane kungoita user encryption space.

08 we14

OS X Snow Leopard (10.6.x)

Musi wokutanga wakasunungurwa: August 28, 2010

Mutengo: $ 29 single user; $ 49 mhuri pack (vanoshandisa 5); inowanikwa paCD / DVD

Chando Leopard chaiva chekupedzisira yeOs inopiwa pamutambo wezvinyorwa (DVD). Iyoyo ndiyo yekare yakashandurwa ye Mac Mac system iwe unogona kutenga zvakananga kubva kuApp Store ($ 19.99).

Snow Leopard inofungidzirwa seyokupedzisira yemarudzi Mac operating system. Mushure mokunge Snow Leopard, sangano rekushanda rakatanga kusanganisa bits uye zvidimbu zveIOS kuunza imwe yunifomu yerunhare kune Apple mobile (iPhone) uye desktop (Mac) systems.

Snow Leopard is 64-bit operating system, asi yakavewo yekupedzisira yeOs yakatsigira 32-bit processors, zvakadai seIntel's Core Solo uye Core Duo mitsara yakashandiswa muIndel Macs yekutanga. Chando Leopard chaivawo shanduro yekupedzisira ye OS X iyo inogona kushandisa Rosetta emulator kushanda mapurogramu akanyorwa nokuda kwePowerPC Macs.

• Mac App Store: Snow Leopard ndiyo yaiva yekutanga ye OS kusanganisira Mac App Store yekutenga, kukanda, kuisa, nekugadzirisa Mac apps , kusanganisira Mac operating system. Mac Mac Store yakawedzerwa nekubudiswa kwe10.6.6.
• Finder: The Finder yakanyorwa zvakare muCocoa kuti ibatsire kushandiswa kwekushanda kwepamusoro uye kushandisa zvakanaka teknolojia yakagadzirwa mukati mehutano.
• Multi-Touch Support: Snow Leopard yakanga iri yekutanga ye OS yaisanganisira kutsigira kwakakwana kwe-multi-touch natively. Makambani eChechi akanga ave ne-multi-touch trackpads akanga asina kukwana nenhamba yezviratidzo zvekubata-siyana zvakatsigirwa.
• OS Footprint: The Snow Leopard yechitsika yakaderedzwa kusvika pasi pe7 GB yedhara.
• AppleTalk: An early networking protocol inoshandiswa na Apple isingasimudziri.
• Boot Camp: Boot Camp yakawana kukwanisa kuverenga nekukopa mafaira kubva kuHFS + volume.

09 of 14

OS X Leopard (10.5.x)

Musi wekutanga wakabudiswa: Gumiguru 26, 2007

Mutengo: $ 129 single user: $ 199 mhuri pack (5 vanoshandisa): inowanika paCD / DVD

Leopard yakanga iri huru yekuvandudza kubva kuTiger, iyo yekare ye OS X. Maererano neApple, yaiva nemakore anopfuura 300 kuchinja nekuvandudzwa. Zvizhinji zvezvaizochinja, zvisinei, zvakange zviri kune teknolojia yekupedzisira inogumisa vashandisi vaisazoona, kunyange zvazvo vashanduri vakakwanisa kuishandisa.

Kutanga kwe OS X Leopard kwakatomiswa , sezvo yakanga yave yakarongedzwa kwekupera kwa2006 kusunungurwa. Chikonzero chekunonoka kwaitendwa kuva Apple kuendesa zvigadziri ku iPhone, iyo yakaratidzwa kuvanhu kwenguva yekutanga munaJanuary muna 2007, uye yakaendeswa mberi munaJune.

• Time Machine: Chimwe chezvinhu zvitsva zvitsva mu Leopard chaiva chekutanga kuiswa kweHash Machine , iyo yakadaro yekushandura kushandiswa kwekushandisa yakange iri nyore kugadzirisa uye kushandisa, uye kunyange nyore nyore kuwana uye yekudzorera mafaira paunenge uchida.
• Boot Camp: Kunyange zvazvo vashandisi vakanga vatotanga kupoteredza nzira dzekushandisa Windows paItel-based hardware yaMac, Boot Camp ndiyo ndiyo nzira yepamutemo yakagamuchirwa uye yakakurudzirwa naApple . Boot Camp yakapa zvivako zvekuparadzanisa maM Mac ekutanga kutengesa kuisa Windows volume, pamwe chete nevatyairi vaida kubvumira Windows kuti vashande pamwe ne hardware yeMac.
• Nharaunda: Kubvumira kusikwa kwezvinyorwa zvekudhinda, chimwe nechimwe chine mapurogiramu nemahwindo anoshandiswa pane mamwe mabasa . Iwe unogona kugadzira nzvimbo yekushanda nemaeil uye nekushandura kwewebhu, imwe yekutamba, uye yechitatu yekubereka mapurogiramu. Iwe wakanga uine zvishoma nezvingani "nzvimbo" dzaunogona kuuya nayo.
• Kurumidza Kuona : Basa rakavakwa iro raibvumira kuti zvinyorwa zvikurumidze kutariswa pasina kuve nekudzidzira maitiro akasika.
• User Interface Kuchinja: Leopard yaisanganisira zvishoma zviduku zvinoshandiswa mumashandisirwo ekuchinja, kusanganisira 3D Dock uye bhari yemavhura yakajeka. Iyo yepakutanga yakasiyana-siyana yeApple icon mu menu bar yakatsiviwa nemhando yose-yakasviba.
• Kushanda kwekutsvaga: Leopard ndiyo yekutanga ye Mac inoshandiswa iyo yakashandisa kushandiswa kwemashoko evanhu kuitira kuti zvibvumirano zvisave zvisingakanganiswi, kana kuti zvinyorwa zvaive chaizvoizvo zvakafanana nechokuita uye kwete chikamu chemarware chinenge chichiita sechimwe chete.

10 pa14

OS X Tiger (10.4.x)

Nhamba yekutanga yakasunungurwa: April 29, 2005

Mutengo: $ 129 single user; $ 199 mhuri pack (vanoshandisa 5); inowanikwa paCD / DVD

OS X Tiger yakanga iri shanduro yehutachiona iyo inoshandiswa apo yekutanga Intel Macs yakasunungurwa. Shanduro yepakutanga yeTiger yakatsigira yekare PowerPC prosearch-based Macs; shanduro chaiyo yeTiger (10.4.4) yakabatanidzwa neIntel Macs. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekuvhiringidzika pakati pevashandisi, vazhinji vavo vakaedza kudzorera Tiger paIndel iMacs yavo chete kuti vatsvake shanduro yepakutanga isingagoni kuisa. Saizvozvowo, vashandisi vePowerPC vakatenga kuderedzwa shanduro dzeTiger kubva paIndaneti vakawana kuti izvo zvavakanga vachiwana zvechokwadi ndiyo yaIndel-yaiyo yaive yakauya nemamwe Mac.

Huru Tiger kudimbiswa haina kubviswa kusvikira OS X Leopard akasunungurwa; iyo yaisanganisira zvose zvinyorwa zvinogona kushanda pa PowerPC kana Intel Macs.

• Rosetta: Iyi shanduro yakave yakabatanidzwa nevekupedzisira shanduro ye OS X Tiger yakabvumira mapurogiramu akanyorwa kuti protose PowerPC inomhanya paIndel Macs.
• Zvinotarisa: Iyi teknolojia yekutsvaga yekutanga yakabuda mu Tiger, ichibvumira kuti Spotlight ishandiswe kutsvaga mhando dzose dzemagwaro dziripo kuMac. Zviratidzo zvakajekesawo pfungwa ye Smart Folders , mahwendefa akakurumbira ayo anogara achivandudzwa kuburikidza nekutsvaga kutsvaga mushandisi wakasika. Izvi zvakabvumira vashandisi kugadzira Smart Folders iyo inogona kuva, semuenzaniso, mapepa ose avakashanda muvhiki yapfuura.
• iChat AV: Ichi kuwedzera kuICat system system yakagamuchirwa kusvika kuvanhu vana kuti vatore chikamu mumusangano wevhidhiyo.
• Dashboard: Chiitiko chakakosha chakabvumira mapurogiramu akasika neHTML, CSS, uye JavaScript chete. Izvo mapurogiramu aizivikanwa seVhajeri, uye aifungidzirwa sekudzoka kweDesk Accessories, rudzi rwekushanda rwaive rwakakurumbira muMac OS yapfuura.
• Automator: Iri scripting chibvumirano chakabvumira vashandisi kuti vabatane pamwechete mapurogiramu nemasevisi aigara ma Mac Mac awo, achivarega kuti vaite zvakaoma basa workflow automation ne nyore nyore kunzwisisa graphical interface.
• 64-bit User Space: Tiger yakatsigira mapeji 32-bit uye 64-bit. Mukuwedzera, Tiger inogona kutsigira 64-bit userland achitaura nzvimbo, kuwedzera chiyeuchidzo chinogona kutariswa zvakananga.

11 pa14

OS X Panther (10.3.x)

Nhamba yekutanga yakasunungurwa: Gumiguru 24, 2003

Mutengo: $ 129 single user; $ 199 mhuri pack (vanoshandisa 5); inowanikwa paCD / DVD

Panther akaenderera mberi netsika ye OS X inoburitsa kupa kuonekwa kunobudirira kushanda. Izvi zvakaitika apo Apple vakagadziri vakaenderera mberi kunatsiridza nekuvandudza kemo yakashandiswa mune iyo ichiri ikozvino itsva yehutachiona.

Panther yakaratidzawo nguva yokutanga OS X yakatanga kudonha rubatsiro rwevakuru vekuM Mac, kusanganisira Beige G3 uye Wall Street PowerBook G3. Mhando dzakadonhedzwa dzose dzakashandiswa Macintosh Toolbox ROM pabhokisi re logic. Bhokisi ROM ROM raiva nemutsetse wakashandiswa kuita mamwe maitiro ekutanga akashandiswa pamakwikwi ekutanga eMac. Zvinonyanya kukosha, iyo ROM yakashandiswa kudzora hurongwa hwebhuku, basa raive pasi pePerher raive rinotungamirirwa neWorld Firmware.

• Finder: The Finder akaita shanduro yakatsva-metal yakashandura iyo yaisanganisira mutsva unoshandiswa pamashandisi. Uyezve, Wakawana aisanganisira kutsigirwa kwakananga kwekudzikisa uye kuisa mafaira.
• Kutsvaga Kushandura Kushandura: Ichi chiitiko chakabvumira user kuti arambe akapinda mukati apo mumwe mushandisi akapinda uye akatora maMac.
• Exposé: Mutariri wewindo uyo akabvumira mahwindo ose akazaruka kuti aratidzwe sezvigunwe, achibvumira vashandi kushandura nokukurumidza pakati pavo.

12 pa14

OS X Jaguar (10.2.x)

Musi wokutanga kusunungurwa: August 23, 2002

Mutengo: $ 129 single user; $ 199 mhuri pack (vanoshandisa 5); inowanikwa paCD / DVD

Jaguar yaiva imwe yezvandaifarira zveSX X, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvingangodaro zvichida nekuda kwekuti Steve Jobs akazvitumidza zita sei panguva yaro yumoyo: jag-u-waarrr. Iyi yaivewo yekutanga ye OS X apo zita rekate rakashandiswa zviri pamutemo. Pamberi paJaguar, mazita emakati aizivikanwa pachena, asi Apple nguva dzose aireva kwavari mumabhuku nemhando yehurukuro.

OS X Jaguar yaisanganisira huwandu hwekushanda kune huwandu hwekare. Izvi zvinonzwisisika sezvo OS X yokushanda kwayo yakanga ichiri kunyatsogadziriswa nevagadziri. Jaguar akaonawo kushandiswa kunoshamisa kwekuita maitiro, kunyanya nokuti yakabatanidza vatyairi vakagadzirirwa zvekare-itsva ATI uye NVIDIA mutsara weAGP-based card makadhi.

• MPEG-4: Kutsigirwa kweruzhinji rweMPEG-4 yakagadzirwa kuna Jaguar kuburikidza ne QuickTime.
• Address Book: Iyi ndiyo yekutanga kuonekwa kweDaily Book yekuchengetedza ruzivo rwemashoko.
• iTunes: Kunyange zvazvo iTunes yakanga iripo kuMac kare, iyi ndiyo yekutanga ye OS X iyo yakaisanganisira app iTunes.
• Inkwell: Inkwell yakapiwa kunyorwa kwekunyoresa kunyora. Iyi teknolojia yakatanga kugadziriswa yeNewton OS, uye mutevedzeri weNewton pachake wekubatsira digital.
• Rendezvous: Iyi protocol yekubatanidza yakabvumira madivayiri panzvimbo yemunharaunda kuti vazvitsvakire-kuwana mamwe majaira, zvichiita kugadzirisa mitambo zvikuru purogi-uye-kutamba. Rendezvous yakazotumidzwa zvakare kuna Bonjour mune dzimwe shanduro dze OS X.
• Kufambisa: HFS + file system yakarongedzwa nekutsigira rutsigiro. Kufambisa kuwedzera kuvimbika kwefaira yefaira, uye yakawedzera zvinhu zvekugadzirisa zvinhu.
• Universal Access: Ichi chiitiko chakaunza hutano hwakakwana hwekuwana maMac kuti zvibvumire kushandiswa nyore nevanhu vane marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekushaya simba kwepanyama.
• CUPS: Ssystem system yokudhinda mu OS X yakasimudzirwa kutsigira CUPS (Common Unix Printing System). Izvi zvakabvumira mamwe ma printer mazvisarudzo kuvashandi veMac, sezvo vatyairi vashoma vanogona kushandiswa panzvimbo yetsika dzakagadzirirwa Mac.
• SMB (Samba): Jaguar yaisanganisira kutsigirwa kweSamba, iyo yakasununguka purogiramu inogona kushanda neMicrosoft SMB networking system. Izvi zvakabvumira kuisa nyore uye kushandiswa kwefaira uye kugoverana kwepikicha pakati peMacs neWindows PCs.
• Makomborero Mac: Jaguar akacherechedza kuguma kweMafaro Makanaka, chinyorwa chinoratidzirwa chinyorwa chinoratidza chiso chinonyemwerera. Munzvimbo yaro, Jaguar akashandisa grey version yeApple logo.

13 pa14

OS X Puma (10.1.x)

Nhamba yekutanga yakasunungurwa: September 25, 2001

Mutengo: $ 129; kusununguka kwevashandisi veKeetah; inowanikwa paCD / DVD

Puma yakatariswa kakawanda sechigadzirisa chinangwa chepakutanga OS X Cheetah yakatangira. Puma zvakare yakapa humwe hutano hushoma hunowedzera. Zvichida vazhinji vaitaura ndechokuti kusunungurwa kwepakutanga kwePuma kwakanga kusiri kushandiswa kwekushandisa kwe Macintosh kombiyuta; panzvimbo pacho, Mac inoshandiswa ku Mac OS 9.x. Vashandi vaigona kushandura ku OS X Puma, kana vachida.

Yakanga isiri iyo OS X 10.1.2 iyo Apple yakagadza Puma seyo inoshandiswa kushandiswa kweMacs matsva.

• Zviri nani CD neDVD zvakatsigira: The Finder neTunes zvaisanganisira kutsigira zvakananga kwekushanda nemaCD uye maDVD ; Dhiyabhorosi inogona kudhindwa zvakare muApple DVD player app.
• Zvimwe Zvinyorwa Zvinodhindwa Dhamba: Apple yakataura kuti OS X Puma yakanga ine vatori vanopfuura 200 printer. Kunyange zvakadaro, kushandura kwaive kuchiri nenyaya neI OS X itsva sevashoma vashanduri vashandisi vaisanganisira kutsigira kwayo.
• New DriGL Drivers: Vatya vatsva vaWorGL vakagadzirisa maitiro ekushanda, kunyanya zvinhu zve 3D zvinoshandiswa mumashandisi ekushandisa uye zvishandiso.
• ColorSync: ColorSync yakaunza hutano hwemirasi ku OS X , zvichibvumira vashandi kurongedza muvara wakaonekwa pazviratidzwa uye mune zvinyorwa.
• Mufananidzo Kubatwa: Izvi zvakashandiswa kuwedzerwa kuPuma kubvumira mifananidzo kubva kumamera makamera uye ma scanji kuti ibudiswe kune Mac pasina unyanzvi chaiyo kubva kune vamwe vatatu vati vatengesi.

14 pa14

OS X Cheetah (10.0.x)

Musi wekutanga wakasunungurwa: March 24, 2001

Mutengo: $ 129; inowanikwa paCD / DVD

Cheetah ndiyo yaiva yekutanga kusunungurwa kwe OS X, kunyange zvazvo kwaiva ne beta yepamusoro yevoruzhinji ye OS X iripo. OS X yakange iri kuchinja kubva kuMac OS yakatangira Cheetah. Yakanga inomiririra hutsva hutsva hunoshandiswa zvachose hwakasiyana zvachose neSUS yapfuura iyo yakapa Macintosh yepakutanga.

OS X yakavakwa pane imwe nheyo yeConx-yakagadzirwa nekodhi yakagadzirwa na Apple, NeXTSTEP, BSD, uye Mach. Iyo kernel (technically a hybrid kernel) yakashandisa Mach 3 uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveBSD, kusanganisira network network uye file system. Yakabatanidzwa nemitemo kubva kuNeXTSTEP (inowanikwa neApple) neApple, sangano rekushanda raizivikanwa saDarwin, uye rakasunungurwa sehurumende yakasununguka pasi pe Apple Public Source License.

Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzehutano hwekushanda, kusanganisira Cocoa neCarbon zvigadziriswa zvinoshandiswa neve Apple vakuvaka kuvaka mapurogiramu nemashandi, yakaramba yakachengetwa.

Cheetah aiva nematambudziko mashomanana apo akasunungurwa, kusanganisira chido chekubereka kernel panics padonho rehapi. Zvinoratidzika sezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvepfungwa yekuchengetedza maitiro iyo yaive itsva kune Darwin uye OS X Cheetah. Zvimwe zvitsva zvinowanika mu Cheetah zvaisanganisira:

• The Dock: The Dock yaiva shanduro yekushandisa iyo yakaratidzwa sebhanhire iri pasi kana pamativi ekudurisa. Zvidhori zvinomiririra zvikumbiro uye zvinyorwa zvinogona kuiswa (zvakanamatira) muDock, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuwana nekutanga.
• Terminal: The Terminal app yakabvumira kuwana Darwin chirongwa chekushandisa uchishandisa mutemo wemirairo wakatarwa. Kusvikira Pakupedzisira, Mac OS yaiva imwe yezvishomanana zvinoshandiswa zvisingashandisi mutsetse wemirairo inowanikwa.
• Mutezo: OS X yakauya neine yakavakirwa mumuteereri we email .
• Kugadzirira Multitasking: Kunyange zvazvo Mac OS yaikwanisa kuita zvakawanda, yakashandisa purogiramu yekubambisana, nemabasa ega ega achikumbira, uye achitarisira kupiwa, kushandiswa kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Kuita zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotaridzika zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kupinda mukana kana zvichidiwa.
• Aqua UI: Mushandisirwo wemashandisi itsva waizivikanwa seAka. Munguva yekudhindwa kwaKeetah, Steve Jobs akataura zvitsva zvitatu zviri kumusoro kwemawindo akawanda, achireva kuti akanga apedza nguva yakawanda achiita kuti vataridze zvakanaka zvokuti "vachinyorera."
• PDF Kutsigira: Zvikumbiro zvakakwanisa kubudisa mapepa ekushandisa mapepa ekudhinda akavakwa mu OS X.
• Quartz: Pakutanga, Apple yakatarisa uchishandisa Display DisplayScript kutyaira mawonesi mafirimu e OS X; iyo pfungwa yaive yakabva pane iyo NeXTSTEP yakashandisa sei Display PostScript mune zvigadzirwa zvayo. Pane kudaro, Apple yakagadzira zviratidzo zvayo zvekugadzira teknolojia inozivikanwa seQuartz, iyo yakashandisa PostScript kusvika pakachengetedzwa mukati mewindo firimu sepa PDF-yakashandiswa.
• AppleScript: OS X yaisanganisira iyo AppleScript scripting mutauro yakanga yakabatanidzwa neMac kubva System 7 (Mac OS).
• Sherlock: Tsvaga yekutsvaga kuwana dhesi inogara kuMac kana web.
• Kudzivirirwa Chiyeuchidzo: Zvikumbiro zvinopiwa zvikamu zvekuyeuchidza zvinodzivirira purogiramu inoshatisa nzvimbo yayo yekuyeuka kubva pakukwanisa kupinda mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemoyo dzinoshandiswa nemamwe mapurogiramu uye masangano ehurongwa.