Vanodzidzisa ndeimwe yezvinhu zvinowanzogadzirwa nemagetsi uye zvinowanika mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemagadziri. Mhando imwe neimwe ye capacitor ine maitiro ezvimwe zvinhu uye zvinhu zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakodzera kune mamwe maitiro, zvivako, uye zvigadzirwa. Vadzidzisi vanogadziriswa nehuwandu hwefomu yavo uye iyo dielectric nyaya inoshandiswa mu-capacitor. Mhando imwe neimwe yegadziri inokonzera kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana uye inowanika maitiro ekugadzirisa kushandiswa kwemagetsi, kutaridzika kwemhepo, kupisa kwekushisa, kuenzana kwekusimudzirwa (ESR), ukuru, nekuvimbika kunobata maitiro avanoita munyika chaiyo . Kusiyana uku kunokonzera kusarudzwa kwemagetsi, zvichiita kuti vamwe vanogadzirisa zvikuru mune mamwe maitiro uye chinotambudza mune vamwe.
Film Capacitors
Film capacitors ndeimwe yemamwe mavara evanhu vakawanda. Film capacitors inosanganisira mhuri yakakura ye-capacitors ine mutsauko mukuru kuva iyo dielectric mabhuku anoshandiswa. Zvishandiso zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira polyester (mylar), polystyrene, polypropylene polycarbonate, pepa inogadzirwa neTeflon. Film capacitors inowanika mumitengo kubva pF (picoFarads) kusvika kune 100 yeFF (microFarads). High voltage film capacitors inowanikawo, uye inotora mahesero anopfuura 500 volts. Kubatsira kwemafilimu capacitors, kunyanya mafirimu capacitors anoshandisa mapurogiramu epurasitiki, ndeahupenyu hurefu uye hwakasimba kwazvo hutano hunokosha.
Film capacitors inowanikwa mune zvakawanda zvakakosha mapapiro uye mafomu. Iyo yakawanda inowanzo fomu yefaira capacitors inogadziriswa, yakasvibiswa, yakakomberedza, uye yakagadzikana uye yakawanda mafomu anowanikwa neaxial uye radial style inotungamirira.
Electrolytic Capacitors
Electrolytic capacitors ine zvimwe zvepamusoro ekudzivirira hutsika hwemarudzi ose emagetsi. Electrolytic capacitors inovakwa neine michina yakawanda yemafirimu uye electrolytic semi-liquid solution. Kuchinja kwezvinhu izvi kunovabvumira kuvharidzirwa uye kupa nzvimbo huru yepamusoro uye nekudaro kubatsira kuvaka guruji. Sezvo sarudzo ye electrolytic ichiitisa uye inoshandiswa seyechipiri electrode mune electrolytic capacitor, shoma dielectric oxide layer inokura pafirimu resimbi, kudzivirira firimu yesimbi kubva pakuderera kusvika pakusarudzwa kwe electrolytic. Iyo dielectric firimu yakaonda kwazvo iyo inowedzera zvikuru kukwanisa kwe electrolytic capacitor.
Electrolytic capacitors inouya nematanho makuru anokosha, polarization uye voltage ratings. Iyo yakaderera ye electrolytic capacitors ndeyekuti vazhinji vavo vanongororwa uye kutarisirwa kunofanira kutorwa kuti vaone kuti vanoshandiswa zvakanaka. Kuisa electrolytic capacitor kumashure kunokonzera kuparadzwa kwakakurumidza kwegadziri, kazhinji nechisimba nekukwanisa kukonzera kukanganisa chero chinhu chiri pedyo. Zvose zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi ekugadzirisa magetsi zvinokonzerwa nezviratidzo zvadzo izvo zvinoratidza kuti pini inofanira kuchengetedzwa pamagetsi ekupedzisira. Izvo zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwe electrolytic capacitors zvakaderera, asi zvinogona kuwanikwa nehuwandu hunokwana kusvika mazana emazana volts.
Mhando mbiri dzinowanzoshandiswa zve electrolytic capacitors ndeye aluminium electrolytic capacitors uye tantalum capacitors. Tantalum capacitors vanosiyana kubva kune vakawanda electrolytic capacitors mukuti vanotarisa zvakafanana nekeramic capacitors. Kusiyana nekotamic capacitors, tantalum capacitors inoratidzirwa. Asi zvakadaro, tantalum capacitors inonyanya kugadziriswa pamapurisa anodhindwa kupfuura aluminium electrolytic capacitors uye dzimwe nguva inowanikwa mumakwikwi nemamwe matambudziko asina kukonzerwa akabatanidzwa kuti aumbe "kwete-polarized" tantalum capacitor. Tantalum capacitors zviduku zvikuru kudarika aluminium electrolytic capacitors uye vane mazaya ekudziya akadzika anovaita chisarudzo chakanaka chekuvhara zviratidzo zvakawanda, nekupfuura, kucheka, kuisa, uye kushandura nguva.
Ceramic Capacitors
Ceramic capacitors ndeimwe yemagetsi anowanzoshandiswa, kunyanya munzvimbo yepamusoro. Inogadzirwa nokuputika disc ceramic kana sekaiti nemutungamiri nekubatanidza zvakasiyana pamwe chete. Iyo ceramic inoshandiswa ine nguva yakakwirira kwazvo ye dielectric, iyo inobvumira ceramic capacitors ine yakakura yepamusoro-soro inokosha mudiki duku. Kusiyana ne electrolytic capacitors, ceramic capacitors haisi polarized asi simba ravo rinoenda kuburikidza nekushanduka kusina kukwana sezvo kushambidzika kwavo kunoshanduka. Pamusana pezvikonzero izvi, ceramic capacitors inowanzoshandiswa sechitsvaira kana kupfurikidza nemaitiro. Ceramic capacitors inowanika mumitengo yakabva pane zvishoma pF kusvika kune huwandu uF uye ine magetsi kuongororwa kubva kune zvishoma zvinyorwa kusvika makumi ezviuru zvevolts.
Mamwe Mhando dzeVaCapacitors
Tsanangudzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemagadziri dzinowanika kune mamwe maitiro anokosha. Kugadzira kana kushandura capacitors vane capacitors nechinogadziriswa capacitance uye inobatsira pakugadzirisa zvakanaka kana kubhadhara munharaunda. Ultra capacitors vane capacitors vane hukuru hwekudzivirira hutsika, kazhinji nekudzivirira kwepamusoro kune imwe firiji. Vanowanzosvibira asi vanochengetedza simba rakakwana kuti vatore mabhatiri mune mamwe maitiro.