Sezvaunotanga kutsvaga nyika yewebhu web design, iwe pasina mubvunzo unotaurirwa kumashoko akawanda nemitsara iyo itsva kwauri. Rimwe remashoko aunogona kunzwa "kugovera" kana kuti "mutauro wokunyengera". Ko "kuve" kwakasiyana sei ne "code" uye nei vamwe vashandi vewebhu vachiita sevanoshandisa mazwi aya zvisiri izvo? Ngatitangei nokutarisa kunyatsoziva "mutauro wekunamatira".
Ngatitarisei 3 Marita Mitauro
Zvinenge zvinyorwa zvose paWebhu rine "ML" mauri "mutauro wokudarika" (kushamisika kukuru, ndizvo zvinoreva "ML"). Markup languages ndiyo zvivako zvekuvaka zvinoshandiswa kugadzira mapeji epawebhu kana zvisikwa zvose uye hukuru.
Muzvokwadi, pane mazita mazhinji akasiyana-siyana kunze uko munyika. Nokuda kwekushandura kwewebhu uye nekufambisa, pane mitatu mitauro yakanyatsoshandiswa yaunogona kuenderera mberi. Aya ndiwo HTML, XML, uye XHTML .
Chii chinonzi Marimi Mutauro?
Kuti unyatsotsanangura izwi iri - mutauro wekunyorera mutauro ndiyo inonyora zvinyorwa kuitira kuti kombiyuta inogona kushandisa zvinyorwa izvi. Mitauro yakawanda inoshandiswa kunyoresa vanhu nokuti inotsanangurwa yakanyorwa munzira yekusiyanisa kubva pamashoko acho pachayo. Somuenzaniso, ne HTML, XML, uye XHTML, markup tags are
Semuyenzaniso:
Iyi ndima yemagwaro yakanyorwa muna HTML
Uyu muenzaniso muenzaniso we HTML. Iyo yakaumbwa nemutambo wokuzarura (
), taki yekuvhara (), uye iyo chaiyo yemashoko yaizoonekwa pahwindo (ichi ndicho chirevo chiri pakati pemakiti maviri). Mutengo mumwe nomumwe unosanganisira "pasi pe" uye "mukuru kudarika" chiratidzo chokuratidza sechikamu chekugadzirisa.
Paunenge uchinyorera zvinyorwa kuti uonekwe pane kombiyuta kana imwe skrini yemhizha , unofanirwa kusiyanisa pakati pezvinyorwa pachako uye mirayiridzo yenyaya yacho. Iyo "markup" ndiyo mirayiridzo yekuratidzira kana kudhinda zvinyorwa.
Kuchinja hakufaniri kuve kombiyuta inogona kuverengwa. Zvitsanangudzo zvakaitwa muzvinyorwa kana mubhuku zvinoshandiswawo kuti zvinoshandiswa. Semuenzaniso, vadzidzi vakawanda kuchikoro vacharatidza mamwe mavara mumabhuku avo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti rugwaro rwakatonyanya kukosha runonyanya kukosha kupfuura runyoro rwakapoteredza. Mutsara unonyanya kufungidzirwa unofungidzirwa markup.
Kuchinja kunoshandiswa mutauro kana mitemo yakabatanidzwa pamusoro pekunyora nekushandisa iyo markup. Mudzidzi iyeye anogona kunge ane "purogiramu inotora mutauro" kana vakaita mitemo yakadai se "purple highlighter" ndeyekutsanangurwa, yellowly highlighter ndeyekuongorora kwekuongorora, uye mapepa emapenzura mumiganhu ndeyezvimwe zvekushandisa. "
Mazhinji emitauro yakashandurwa inotsanangurwa nehurumende yekunze yekushandiswa nevanhu vazhinji vakasiyana. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo marimi emitauro yeWebhu inoshanda. Zvinotsanangurwa neW3C, kana kuti World Wide Web Consortium .
HTML-HyperText Markup Mutauro
HTML kana HyperText Markup Mutauro ndiyo mutauro wekutanga weWebhu uye iyo yakajairika iwe unoshanda pamwe sewebhu web designer / developer.
Chaizvoizvo, ingangodaro ndiyo chete mutauro wakashandiswa mumabasa ako.
Mamwe mapeji epawebhu akanyorwa mune ruvara rwe HTML. HTML inotsanangura nzira iyo mifananidzo , multimedia, uye zvinyorwa zvinowanikwa mumavhuraji ewebhu. Mutauro uyu unosanganisira zvikamu zvekubatanidza magwaro ako (hypertext) uye kuita mapepa ako webhu anobatanidza (akadai nemafomu). Vanhu vazhinji vanodana HTML "code webhusaiti", asi muchokwadi inongova rurimi rurimi. Hazvina nguva inenge isina kururama uye iwe uchanzwa vanhu, kusanganisira webhuzi vashandi, shandisa mazwi maviri aya nenzira imwecheteyo.
HTML is a defined standard markup language. Inobva pane SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language).
Iro mutauro unoshandisa mavara kuti ujekese chimiro chemashoko ako. Zvinhu uye ma tags zvinorondedzerwa ne "
Kunyange zvazvo HTML ndiyo inonyanya kutaurwa mutauro wakashandiswa paWebhu nhasi, haisiyo chete yekugadzirwa kwewebhu. Sezvo HTML yakave yakagadzirwa, yakava yakawanda uye yakaoma uye mavara uye zvigadzirwa zvemashoko zvakabatana mumutauro umwe. Pakupedzisira, W3C yakasarudza kuti paiva nechido chekuparadzanisa pakati pemaitiro ewebhu peji uye zviri mukati. Taka inotsanangura zviripo chete inogona kuramba iri mu HTML apo tatei inotsanangura chimiro yakaderedzwa maererano neCSS (Cascading Style Sheets).
Nhamba itsva yebhuku ye HTML ndeye HTML5. Iyi shanduro yakawedzera zvimwe zvikamu mu HTML uye yakabvisa zvimwe zvekusimba zvakagadziriswa ne XHTML (zvakawanda pamusoro pemaitauro iwayo munguva pfupi).
Nzira iyo HTML inosunungurwa yakachinjwa nekusimudzirwa kwe HTML5. Nhasi, zvitsva nezvishandiso zvinowanikwa kunze kwekunge zvichida kuva shanduro itsva, yakaverengwa. Shanduro yemazuva ano yerurimi inongonzi "HTML."
XML-eXtensible Markup Mutauro
Mutauro weEXtensible Markup ndiwo mutauro uyo imwe ye HTML inowanikwa. Kufanana neHTML, XML inobvawo kune SGML. Icho chakanyanya kudzvinyirira kupfuura SGML uye zvakanyanya kudzvinyirira kupfuura zvakajeka HTML. XML inopa kukwanisa kuumba mitauro yakasiyana-siyana.
XML mutauro wekunyoresa mitauro. Semuenzaniso, kana iwe uri kushanda pane dzinza rako, unogona kuisa mathesi uchishandisa XML kuti utaure baba, amai, mwanasikana, uye mwanakomana mu XML yako seyiyi:
Panewo mitauro yakasiyana-siyana yakagadzirwa kare ne XML: MathML yekutsanangura mathematics, SMIL yekushanda ne multimedia, XHTML, nezvimwe zvizhinji.
XHTML-eXtended HyperText Markup Mutauro
XHTML 1.0 i HTML 4.0 yakadzoserwa kusangana nehuwandu hwe XML . XHTML yakashandurwa mumazuva ano web web design ne HTML5 uye kuchinja kwakabva kubvira. Iwe haunzwisisi kuwana chero mashandisi matsva uchishandisa XHTML, asi kana uri kushanda pane imwe nzvimbo yakare, iwe unogona kusangana XHTML kunze uko musango.
Izvo hazvisi zvakawanda zvakasiyana zvakasiyana pakati pe HTML ne XHTML , asi pano ndizvo zvauchaona:
- XHTML yakanyorwa muzasi. Kunyange zvazvo maTAT HTML akanyorwa mubhuku re UPPER, nyaya yeMiXeD, kana kuti pasi shomanana, kuti ive yakarurama, ma tags XHTML anofanira kunge ari ose pasi. (Cherechedza - vakawanda vezvesayenzi vanonyora HTML mune zvinyorwa zvese, kunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvekugadzirira zvinodiwa).
- Zvinhu zvose zve XHTML zvinofanira kuva nemagumo ekupedzisira. Zvinhu zvine tag imwe chete, zvakadai uye dzinoda kubhadharira (/) kumagumo eti:
- Zvose zvinofanirwa kunge zvinotaurwa mumutauro we XHTML. Vamwe vanhu vanobvisa zvinyorwa pamusoro pezvakanakira kuchengetedza nzvimbo, asi zvinotarisirwa kururamisa XHTML.
- XHTML inoda kuti ma tags akavakwa zvakanaka. Kana iwe ukazarura ushingi () chikamu uye zvakare mifananidzo yakajeka () chinhu, unofanira kuvhara italics element () usati wavhara ushingi (). (Cherechedza kuti zvose zviri zviviri izvi zvakaderedzwa nokuti zviri izvo zvinoonekwa. HTML ikozvino inoshandisa uye panzvimbo yeizvi mbiri)
- HTML Inhengo dzinofanira kuva nezita uye rinokosha. Unhu huripo-muga muHTML hunofanirwa kuziviswa nemitemo zvakare, somuenzaniso, maitiro aH HR aizonyorwa noshade = "noshade".
Nyaya yekutanga naJennifer Krynin. Yakarongedzwa naJeremy Girard musi wa7/5/17.