Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) uye User Datagram Protocol (UDP) ndiyo miviri yepamusoro yekutakura nheyo dzinoshandiswa ne internet protocol (IP) .
Zvose TDP neDPP zvinoshandisa misoro sechikamu chekuvhara mashoko emashoko ekutsvaga pahutano hwehutano. TCP misoro neDP zvinyorwa chimwe nechimwe chine mhete yemiganhu inonzi minda inorondedzerwa neprotocol yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
TCP Header Format
Mutungamiriri wega wega weTCP ane gumi inoda minda yakazara 20 byte (160 bits ) muhukuru. Vanokwanisawo kusarudza pane imwe nhengo yezvechidimbu chechidimbu kusvika ku 40 bytes muhukuru.
Iri ndiro urongwa hwevatungamiri veTCP:
- Inopa TCP nhamba yepamusoro (2 bytes)
- Enda kune imwe nhamba yeTCP nhamba (2 bytes)
- Kuenzanisa nhamba (4 bytes)
- Kuonga nhamba (4 bytes)
- TCP data inokanganiswa (4 bits)
- Data yakachengetedzwa (3 bits)
- Kudzora mapegi (kusvika kusvika 9 bits)
- Tawindo rewindo (2 bytes)
- TCP checksum (2 bytes)
- Purogiramu yakakurumidza (2 bytes)
- TCP data inosarudzwa (0-40 bytes)
TCP inopinza header minda mukati moutsetse uri mumutsetse wakanyorwa pamusoro apa.
- Kunobva uye kuenda kune dzimwe nhamba dzekufambisa kweTCP ndiyo magumo ekukurukurirana ekutumira uye kugamuchira zvigadzirwa.
- Mharidzo vanotumira vanoshandisa kuenzanisa manhamba kuti vaone kutarirwa kweboka remashoko. Vose vanotumira uye vanogamuchira vanoshandisa chibvumirano chenhamba nhamba kuti vataurire kuenzanisa manhamba emashoko akave achangogamuchirwa kana kutarisirwa kutumirwa.
- Iyo data offset field inochengetedza huwandu huwandu hwomusoro weTCP muzvizhinji zvevana mana. Musoro usingashandisi tCP munharaunda yekusarudza ine nhamba yekusvitsa ye 5 (inomiririra 20 bytes), nepo musoro unoshandisa nzvimbo yepamusoro-sarudzo inenge ine nhamba yakasarudzwa ye 15 (inomiririra 60 bytes).
- Data yakachengetedzwa muTCP misoro nguva dzose inokosha ye zero. Iyi minda inoshumira chinangwa chekugadzirisa huwandu hwemusoro wepamusoro sehuwandu hwemane mana (hunokosha kuitira kukwanisa kwekombiyuta yekugadzira data).
- TCP inoshandisa yakagadzirirwa mitanhatu yakatarwa uye mitatu yakarongedza mapegi (rimwe nerimwe rinenge richimiririra kana kurega ) kuchengetedza kudhevedza kwedambudziko mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Rimwe bhenjeti, somuenzaniso, rinotanga TCP rexi reset logic. Iko kushandiswa kwakajeka kwemasimi aya kunopfuura kudarika kwenyaya ino.
- TCP vatumi vanoshandisa nhamba inonzi firiji remawindo kuti vatungamirire kuti yakawanda sei dhesi yavanotumira kune anogamuchira vasati vada kubvumirwa mukudzoka. Kana huwandu hwehwindo hukava hudiki, kudengesa kwedhesiro yekutengesa kuchave kunonoka zvishoma, asi kana huwandu hwamahwindo hukava hukuru kwazvo, network link ingagona kuzara (isingasviki kune mamwe maitiro) kana kuti mupiki angasazokwanisa kushandira dheinhau inokurumidza zvakakwana (uye zvinokonzerwa nekuita zvishoma nezvishoma). Shanduro yekushandura yakagadzirirwa mukati meprototi dynamically kuverenga mashizha ehutano uye shandisa iyi shanduko yeTCP misoro yekugadzirisa kuchinja pakati pevatumwa uye vanogamuchira.
- Checksum inokosha mukati memusoro weTCP inoumbwa nemutumisi weprotocol semagadziro emasvomhu kubatsira munhu anogamuchira kuona mashoko akaodzwa kana kuparadzwa.
- Iyo inokurumidza inonzi pointer field inowanzoiswa ku zero uye isingafurwi, asi pamwe chete nechimwe chezvigadziro zvemasimba, inogona kushandiswa se data inoparadzaniswa kuisa subset yemashoko sezvinodiwa kutanga kushandiswa.
- Zvishandiso zvezvinyorwa zveTCP zvinosarudzwa zvinopfuura kudarika kwenyaya ino asi zvinosanganisira rubatsiro rwekubvuma kwakananga uye hwindo rinotarisa zvigadziridzo.
UDP Header Format
Nokuti UDP inonyanya kukoshesa pane TCP, zvinyorwa zvayo zvidiki zvikuru. Mutungamiriri we UDP ane 8 maekare, akagoverwa mune zvinotevera zvina zvinoda minda:
- Inopa chikwata chenhamba (2 bytes)
- Nhamba yepamusoro yechiteshi (2 bytes)
- Kureba kwedata (2 bytes)
- UDP checksum (2 bytes)
UDP inopinza misoro ye header muyo mharidzo yayo mumuganhu wakarongwa pamusoro apa.
- Kunobva uye kuenda kune dzimwe nhamba dzekufambisa dzeDP ndiyo magumo ekukurukurirana ekutumira uye kugamuchira zvigadzirwa.
- Nzvimbo yakareba mu UDP inomiririra huwandu hwoga wega wega wekutengesa kusanganisira zvose musoro uye data. Iyi minda yakawanda inokosha zvichibva pachidimbu chepfumbamwe nema (byhead header size) kusvika kuma-65,000 bytes.
- Kufanana neTCP, UDP checksum inobvumira vanogamuchira kuti vambuke-chengetedza inosvika yedhimwe yezvimwe zvakashata zvemashoko.