Ko teknolojia yebhateri yemotokari inoshanda sei?
Mutungamiri uye asidi zvinhu zviviri izvo vanhu vazhinji vanoziva zvakakwana kuti vadzivise. Kutungamirira isimbi yakaremara inogona kukonzera kushamba kwemabhuku ose ehutano, uye asidi, zvakanaka, asidi. Kutaura chete kwezwi kunoshandura mifananidzo yezvinyoro zvinotapira zvinosvibirira uye masayendisiti madzinza-madzimu akanganisa kutonga kwenyika.
Asi sechokoti uye peanut butter, mutungamiri uye asidi hazvingaratidziki kuenda pamwe chete, asi zvinodaro. Pasina mutungamiri uye asidi, taisazova nemabhatiri emotokari, uye pasina mabheti emotokari , hatizove neine zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano-kana zvidikanwi zvitsva, sezvitsva -zvinoda kuti magetsi aite. Saka, zvakadini, izvozvi zviviri zvinouraya zvakasangana pamwechete kuti zvive dheyo-nheyo yakasimba yezvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvemotokari? Mhinduro, kukwereta mutsara wemutsara, ndeyekutanga.
Sayenzi yekuchengetedza Magetsi Emagetsi
Mabheti emagetsi ari kungochengetedza midziyo iyo inokwanisa kuchengetedza mutero wegetsi uye ichizoiisa mumutoro. Mamwe mabheti anokwanisa kubudisa magetsi emagetsi kubva pane zvigadziro zvavo zvese pakarepo pavanoungana. Mabhatiri aya anonzi mabheti ekutanga , uye anowanzorasikirwa kamwe chete kana mutoro wacho wapera. Mabhiriji emotokari anokodzera kune rimwe divi rebhateri remagetsi rinogona kutengesa, kubviswa, uye kubhadharwa zvakare. Aya mabheti echipiri anoshandura zvinogadziriswa zvemakemikari zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana nedzimwe rudzi rwebheteri rinoshandiswa kune rimwe.
Mune mazwi ayo vanhu vakawanda vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nyore, maAAA kana AAA mabheteri amunotenga muchitoro, tsanangurira mune zvekuchengetedza kwako, uye ipapo urasire paanofa ndiwo mabheti ekutanga. Vanoungana, zvinowanzobva kune zinc-carbon kana zinc uye manganese dioxide masero, uye ivo vanogona kugovera iye zvino pasina kutongerwa. Pavanofa, iwe unozvirasa-kana kuti uzvidzire zvakanaka, kana uchida.
Zvechokwadi, unogona kutenga avochete AA kana AAA mabheti mu "rechargeable" fomu iyo inodhura zvakawanda. Iwa mabhatiri akachengetedzeka anowanzoshandisa nickel-cadmium kana nickel-metal hydride masero. Kusiyana nemaitiro e "alkaline" mabheti, NiCd uye mabheti eNiMH haakwanisi kupa iye zvino kune mutoro paungano. Pane kudaro, ikozvino magetsi inoshandiswa kune masero, izvo zvinokonzera kemikemu inopinda mukati mebheteri. Iwe unonamatira bheteri iri kure nekutarisa kwako, uye kana yafa, unoiisa mujaja uye kushandiswa kwemazuva ano kunodzokorora mishonga yemakemikari yakaitika panguva yekubudiswa.
Motokari dzemotokari, dzinoshandisa mutungamiri uye sulfuric acid pane nickel oxyhydroxide uye alloy hydrogen-absorbing alloy, yakafanana nemabhatiri eNMM muhutano. Apo magetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa kubhateri, kemikari inopinda inowanzoitika, uye mutero wegesi inochengetwa. Kana mutoro wakabatana nebhateri, iyo inopindurwa inopinduka, uye ikozvino inopiwa kune mutoro.
Kuchengetedza Simba Nekutungamirira uye Acid
Kana ukashandisa mutungamiri uye acid kuti uchengetedze motokari yemagetsi inonzwika sarchaic, ndeye. Ikokutanga yeutori-asidi yakagadzirwa muma 1850, uye bhati riri mumotokari yako rinoshandisa maitiro akafanana. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa uye zvinhu zvakashanduka kubva mumakore, asi imwecheteyo pfungwa inotamba.
Apo batori-inotungamirira-asi inosunungurwa, electrolyte inova sarudzo yakanyanyisa zvikuru ye sulfuric acid-zvinoreva kuti inowanzove yakajeka H20 pamwe neH2SO4 inotenderera mukati mayo. Mafurata anotungamirira, aine sulfuric acid, inonyanya kutungamirira sulfate. Apo magetsi emagetsi anoshandiswa kubhatiri, izvi zvinoshanduka. Mutungamiri sulphate mapepa anotendeuka (kunyanya) kudzokera mukutungamira, uye iyo diluted solution ye sulfuric acid inowedzera kuwedzera.
Iyi haisi nzira inonyatsoshanda yekuchengetedza simba remagetsi, maererano nekutakura uye kurema masero anoenzaniswa nehuwandu hwesimba ravanenge vaichengeta, asi mabheti anotungamirira-asiri achiri kushandiswa nhasi nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. Yokutanga inyaya yezvoupfumi; lead-asidi mabhetri inodhura zvikuru kudhinda kupfuura chero imwe sarudzo. Chimwe chikonzero ndechekuti vatungamiri-asidi mabhetri vanogona kupa zviyero zvakanyanya zvezvinodiwa-zvekuda panguva imwechete, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuti zviitwe sekutanga mabhatiri.
Nzira Yako Isingakoshi Sei?
Mati mabheti emotokari emitambo dzimwe nguva anotumidzwa seti SLI mabheteri , apo "SLI" inomirira kutanga, kumira, uye kupisa. Ichi chidimbu chinoratidzira chinangwa chikuru chemotokari yemotokari zvakanaka, sezvo basa guru remotokari yemotokari ndeyokutamba motokari yemotokari, magetsi, uye kupisa pamberi pe injini iri kushanda. Mushure mokunge injini iri kumhanya, imwe sarudzo inopa simba rose remagetsi, uye bhatiri rinotorwazve.
Mhando iyi yekushandiswa isiri yakadzika yemhando yekushanda, pakuti inopa kuputika kwenguva pfupi kwemazana akawanda ezvino, uye ndizvo zvakaita mabheti emotokari zvakanyatsorongwa kuita. Nezvo mupfungwa, mabheti emabheji emanhasi ane zvinyoro zviduku zveutungamiri, izvo zvinobvumira kuti pave nehuwandu hwekutsvaga kune electrolyte, uye inopa hurumende yakawanda yepamusoro kwenguva pfupi. Izvi zvinogadziriswa pamusana pezvinhu zvakakura zvezvinodiwa zvinotangira motors.
Kusiyana nekutanga mabhatiri, kutenderera mabhatiriyiti ndeimwe rudzi rweutori-lead asiri yakagadzirirwa "kuwedzera". Izvo zvigadziro zvepahwendefa zvakasiyana, saka hazvina kukodzera kugovera zvizhinji zvezvinodiwa-zvinodiwa. Pane kudaro, zvakagadzirirwa kupa simba shoma kwenguva refu. Kurongeka kwacho "kwakadzama" nokuti yakareba, kwete nekuda kwekusununguka kwekuwanda kuri kukuru. Kusiyana nekutanga mabheteri, izvo zvinowanzochengetedzwa mushure mekushandiswa kwose , mabhiriji akadzama mabheti anogona kuregererwa zvishoma-kusvika kumazinga akachengetedzeka-asati adzorerwa zvakare. Kungofanana nekutanga mabhetiriyiti, kudzika kwemufambisi wemutsetsi asidi mabhatiridi haafaniri kubudiswa pasi pehutano hwakarongedzwa kuti urege kuparadzwa zvachose.
Yakasiyana Package, Same Technology
Kunyange zvazvo teknolojia yepamusoro yekutungamirira-asidi mabhatiriyo yakaramba yakawanda kana isiri yakafanana, kufambira mberi mune zvigadzirwa uye maitiro zvakaguma nekusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana. Dzidziso dzebhaibheri dzakadzika, zvechokwadi, shandisa imwe shanduro yakagadzirirwa kuti ibvumira basa rakadzika. Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotora zvinhu zvakatowedzera.
Izvo zvakanyanya kufambira mberi mubato reutungamiri-asidi yebheteri zvichida yakave yevheti-yakarongedzwa-lead-acid (VRLA) batri. Vanoramba vachishandisa mutungamiri uye sulfuric acid, asi havana "mafashamo," masero emvura. Panzvimbo pezvo, vanoshandisa gel masero kana girazi rinoputika (AGM) ye electrolyte. Icho chemakemikari inofanana yakafanana nechepamusoro, asi mabheti aya haasi pasi pekusiya-gassing semafashamo emasero mabheteri, uyewo haasisina kunetseka nekudonha kana akasungirirwa.
Kunyange zvazvo mabhatiri eVRLA ane zvigaro zvakawanda, zvinodhura zvakanyanya kudhura kudarika zvetsika dzakazara masero mabhetri. Saka nepo teknolojia iri kuramba ichifamba mberi, mikana iwe uchiri kuenderera mberi uchifamba nechekucheka 1860s teknolojia iri pasi pehood yako kwenguva yakati-kunze kwekuti iwe uende magetsi. Asi iyo nyaya yakasiyana-siyana maererano nemabhatiriyo.