Dhiyabhorosi-ne-foni inobata-izwi rose rinogona kureva maitiro emagetsi ehurumende anotora kana kuwedzera kana kuchinja zvachose maitiro ekugadzirisa magetsi. Panzvimbo yekushandisa tambo, hydraulic pressure, uye dzimwe nzira dzekupa mutyairi anongorongedza, kutonga mumuviri pamusoro pekufambisa kana kutungamirirwa kwemotokari, motokari-ne-tambo yekombiyuta inoshandisa magetsi ekugadzirisa mabheki, kutungamirira kutungamirira, nekushanda mamwe zvirongwa.
Kune matatu mitambo huru yekudzivirira motokari iyo inowanzosiviwa nemagetsi ekudzivirira: throttle, brakes, uye kutungamirira. Pachinotsiviwa ne-x-by-wire dzimwe nzira, maitiro aya anowanzoti:
Electronic Throttle Control
Nzira yakakurumbira ye-x-by-wire teknolojia uye iyo inonyanya kuwanikwa mumusango ndeyemagetsi ekudzivirira. Kusiyana nemitambo yemagetsi yepamusoro iyo inokonzera gasi ichienda kune inonzi throgtle ine mechanical cable, izvi zvinoshandisa shanduro dzemagetsi emagetsi nemagetsi.
Motokari dzine magetsi ekushandisa mapiritsi dzakashandisa masero emashure emakumi emakore. Aya masvikiro anongowanzoudza kakombiyuta nzvimbo yeo throttle. Iyo inoputika iyo ichiri kushandiswa nekambani yenyama. Mumotokari dzinoshandisa magetsi ekugadzirisa (ETC), hapana hutano hwepakati pakati pegasi inoshandiswa uye inonzi throttle. Pane kudaro, iyo gasi inotumira inotumira chiratidzo chinokonzera electromechanical actuator kuzarura throttle.
Izvi zvinowanzoonekwa senzira yakachengeteka yekufambisa-ne-waya teknolojia, sezvo zviri nyore kwazvo kushandisa iri rudzi rwehurongwa nehupenzi-uchapupu hwokundikana-yakachengetedzwa. Nenzira imwe chete iyo iyo throttle ichangovhara kana iyo mechanical throttle cable mabheki uye motokari ichonoka zvishoma nezvishoma uye inomira, magetsi e-throttle control systems zvinogona kugadzirwa kuitira kuti iyo inopfigira kana ikavhara kana isisiri kugamuchira chiratidzo kubva pamusana .
Brake-By-Wire Technologies
Bhizinesi-ne--ma-teknolojia inowanzoonekwa sechinhu chinotyisa kudarika magetsi ekudzora sezvo ichi chinosanganisira kubvisa hukama chero kupi zvako pakati pemutyairi nemabheki. Zvisinei, kuputsa-ne-waya kunonyanya kushandiswa kwemichina inoshandiswa kubva kune electro-hydraulic kusvika kune electromechanical, uye zvose zviri zviviri zvinogona kugadzirwa nekuneta-safes mupfungwa.
Traditional hydraulic brakes inoshandisa tenzi cylinder uye maverengi emagetsi. Apo mutyairi anopfugama pasi pedhivhara, inoshanda mumuviri kumanikidzi. Mune zviitiko zvakawanda, iyo inodzvinyirirwa inokurudzirwa nevharium kana hydraulic brake booster. Izvo zvinopfurikidza zvinoparidzirwa nemitsetse yezvakagadzika kusvika kumakumbo emakumbo kana mabhirikoro.
Maitiro e-anti-lock mabheji aiva mavambo epamberi ekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano ekugadzirisa-net-teknolojia, pakuti vakabvumira mabheki emotokari kuti atorekwe kamwe chete pasina mutyairi wekushandisa. Izvi zvinogadzirwa ne-electronic actuator inoita kuti inenge iripo hydraulic brakes, uye humwe humwe hutano hwekuchengetedza hwakavakwa pane iyi nheyo. Kugadziriswa kwemagetsi, kugadziriswa kwekutengesa , uye kushandiswa kwemagetsi kunowanzoenderana neA ABS uye inopindirana zvakakwana nekwenyuka-ye-waya-teknolojia.
Mune motokari dzinoshandisa electro-hydraulic brake-by-wire teknolojia, vanyori vari mune rimwe gumbo vachiri kushandiswa kwemagetsi. Zvisinei, hazvibatanidzi zvakananga kune master master cylinder iyo inoshandiswa kuburikidza nekusimudzira pedal pedal. Pane kudaro, kusungira peda pedal inobata sora kana kuti mutsara wemasenema. Simba rinodzora rinotarisa kuti simba rinopisa rinoda sei pane rimwe gumbo uye rinoshandisa magadzirirwo emagetsi sezvaanoda.
Mukushambadzira kwema electromechanical, hapana ma hydraulic chikamu zvachose. Ichokwadi kuti mabhenekeri echokwadi-e-waya anoshandisa masvikiro kuti aone kuti simba rakadii rinenge radikanwa, asi simba iroro haritapuri kuburikidza ne hydraulics. Pane kudaro, magetsi ekugadzirisa magetsi anoshandiswa kushandisa mabheki ari mune rimwe gumbo.
Steer-By-Wire Technologies
Zvizhinji zvemotokari zvinoshandisa rack uye pinion unit kana worm uye sezvikwata zvekutungamira gear izvo zvakabatana zvakanamatira kuirivha. Apo gumbo rinotenderera, rack uye pinion unit kana bhokisi rekutungamirira rinoshanduka zvakare. Rakiti uye pinion unit inogona kushandisa torque kumajoka ebhora kuburikidza nematanda, uye bhokisi rinotungamirira rinowanzoendesa kushamwaridzana kwekutungamira kuburikidza nemugove wegomba.
Mumotokari dzakagadzirirwa ne-wire-by-wire teknolojia, hapana kubatana kwepanyama pakati pengoro uye matairi. Ichokwadi, kutora-ne--magadzirirwo emitambo haisi inyanzvi inoshandiswa kushandisa mavhiri mashoma zvachose. Apo gumbo rinoshandiswa, imwe mhando yekutungamirira inonzwa emulator inowanzoshandiswa kupa mutyairi nemhinduro.
Ndezvipi Zvitakatove Zvine Drive-By-Wire Technology?
Izvo hazvina huwandu hwekutengesa motokari dzemotokari, asi vazhinji vanogadzirisa vakavaka motokari dzemagetsi dzinokodzera kutsanangurwa. General Motors akaratidza dhi-ne-wire system muna 2003 ne Hy-Wire concept, uye Mazda's Ryuga pfungwa yakashandisawo teknolojia muna 2007. Kufamba-ne-foni kunowanikwa mumichina yakadai sevatengesi nemashanikiti, asi kunyange motokari nematori iyo inoshandisa magetsi ekufambisa simba ichiri nehutano hwekubata.
Kudzora komupurisa kunopararira zvikuru, uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogadzira uye zvigadzirwa zvinoshandisa teknolojia. Kubhakwa-ne--tafuta kunogona kuwanika mumagetsi ekugadzira, uye mienzaniso miviri yekombiyuta ndiyo yeToyota yaElectroni Controlled Brake uye yaSercedes Benz yaSensotronic.
Kuongorora Ramangwana reD Drive-By-Wire
Zvokuchengetedza zvinotadzisa kubvumirwa kwekutya-ne--kombiyuta mitambo. Mechanical systems dzinokwanisa uye dzinokanganisa, asi masimba ehurumende achiri kuona sevanonyanya kuvimbika kupfuura magetsi ehurumende. Dhiyabhorosi-ne-machina maitiro anodhurawo kupfuura mari yekugadzirisa inokonzerwa nekuti ivo vanonyanya kuoma.
Zvisinei, remangwana rekutengesa-ne--terevhizheni inogona kutungamirira kune zvimwe zviitiko zvinonakidza. Kubviswa kwema mechanical control kunogona kubvumira vagadziri kugadzira motokari dzakasiyana zvikuru nemotokari uye madori ari mumugwagwa nhasi. Simba motokari yakafanana neHy-Wire yakabvumira kuti urongwa hwekugara hudzungurwe kubva apo pasina magetsi ekugadzirisa anotarisa chinzvimbo chemufambisi.
Dhidhiro-ne--terevhizheni inogona kuiswa pamwe nekushambadzira kwemotokari yemotokari, iyo inobvumira motokari kushandiswa kure kana nekombiyuta. Iye zvino mapurogiramu emotokari asingashandisi anoshandisa magetsi ekugadzirisa magetsi, kutengesa, uye kukurumidza, izvo zvingave zviri nyore kuburikidza nekubatanidza zvakananga kumotokari-ne-terevhizheni.