Hezvino izvo CPU bugs nezvikanganiso ndezvazvo uye zvaunogona kuita pamusoro pavo
Dambudziko neCCU , "bongo" yekombiyuta yako kana imwe sdivashandi, inogona kugoverwa segur kana chikanganiso . Muchirevo ichi, CPU bug chero ipi zvayo nayo iyo inogona kugadziriswa kana kushandiswa kunotarisana pasina kuchinja zvose zvehurongwa, asi CPU kukanganisa chinhu chakakosha chinoda kushandiswa kwe-system-wide.
Matambudziko akadai aya ane CPUs anowanzoitika nekuda kwezvikanganiso zvakaitwa munguva yekugadzira kana kugadzirwa kwe chip. Zvichienderana neCUU bug / flaw, zvinogona kuva chero chinhu kubva pakushata kushanda kudzivirirwa kusachengetedzwa kwekusiyana kwakasiyana.
Kugadzirisa CPU flaw kana bug zvinosanganisira reworking kuti software yepuraneti inoshanda sei neCUU, iyo inowanzoitwa kuburikidza nehuwandu hwemapurogiramu, kana kuti kushandura CPU neyo isina dambudziko. Kunyangwe zvichatsiviwa kana kushandiswa zvakapoteredza nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemapurogiramu kunobva pautsinye uye kuoma kwehutano hweCCU.
Kusanganiswa & amp; Specter Flaws
Icho Chibvumirano cheCUU chakakanganiswa kutanga neGoogle Project Zero muna 2018, pamwe neCyberes Technology uye Graz University of Technology. Specter yakaratidzwa gore rimwechete neRambus, Google Project Zero, uye vatsvakurudzi pamayunivhesiti akawanda.
A protoresa anoshandisa izvo zvinonzi "kuongororwa kwekufungidzira" kufungidzira kuti chii chachazobvunzwa kuita pane chinotevera kuchengetedza nguva. Kana ichiita izvi, inodhonza mashoko kubva kuR RAM , kombiyuta yako kana kushandiswa kwemakemikari yekushanda, kuunganidza tsanangudzo pamusoro pezviri kuitika iyezvino uye zvazvinofanira kuita pane kuita chimwe chiito chinoenderana nemashoko aya matsva.
Dambudziko nderokuti kana purogiramu inogadzirira zviito zvayo uye zvinyorwa zvichange zvichizoita zvinotevera, iyo ruzivo runogona kuzarurirwa uye "kunze pachena" yezvinowanzoita software kana mawebsite kuti vatore uye viverenge sevako pachavo.
Izvi zvinoreva kuti hutachiona pakombiyuta yako kana webhusaiti yepamusoro inogona, inogona, kuwana iyo mashoko kubva kuCCU kuti ione zvakakonzerwa kubva mumusoro, iyo inogona kunge iri chinhu chakanga chakazarurirwa uye ichichishandiswa pachigadzirwa, kusanganisira mashoko akajeka sepaswords , mapepa, uye kubhadhara mashoko.
Izvi zvinokanganisa CPU zvakagadzirisa marudzi ose emashandisirwo anoshanda paIndel, AMD, uye mamwe maitiro, uye akashandisa zvigadzirwa zvakadai sefoni, mahwendekiti, uye makombikiti, uyewo paIndaneti mafaira ekuchengetedza mabhuku, nezvimwewo.
Nokuda kwekuti zvakanyatsosimbiswa sei zvikanganiso izvi zvakagadziriswa, zvinotsiva hardware ndiyo chete yekugadzirisa mhinduro. Zvisinei, kuchengetedza software yako uye kushandisa system up-to-date kunogona kugovera basa rinogamuchirwa, kugadzirisa zvakare kuti software yako inowanikwa sei CPU, inonyanya kudzivisa matambudziko.
Pano pane zvimwe zvinyorwa zvitsva izvo zvakagadzirirwa Meltdown uye Specter:
- Windows 10 yakabatanidzwa nehuwandu hweK KB4056892, iyo inokwanisa kuiswa pamunhu kubva kune iyi link asi inonyanya kuiswa kuburikidza neWindows Update .
- Zvinyorwa zvinotevera zvakasunungurwa zveMACOS: High Sierra 10.13.2, Security Update 2018-001 yeSierra, uye Security Update 2018-001 yeEl Capitan.
- Madivaysi eAroid anotamba panguva 2018-01-05 Patch Security Level uye gare gare inodzivirirwa.
- Mazai iOS Apple akashandurwa ne iOS 11.2.2 kuti "kuderedze migumisiro yeSecter" muWebhu web browser.
- Firefox browsers inovandudzwa kuitira kuti zvisvike 57.0.4 inodzivirirwa. Ona Sei Ndinogadzirisa Firefox? kana uchida rubatsiro.
- Safari 11.0.2 yakasunungurwa nokuda kweCOS Sierra uye OS X El Capitan.
Zano: Nguva dzose iva nechokwadi chokuti uri kushandisa zvishandiso kune system yako yekushanda uye software sezvazvinowanika! Izvozvo zvinoreva kusabvarura zviziviso pamakombiyuta kana ma smartphone uye kuita zvose zvaunogona kuti uchengetedze mapurogiramu ezvepurogiramu zvese zvichiri kushandurwa shanduro itsva uye zvinyorwa zvinosunungurwa.
Pentium FDIV Bug
Iyi CPU bug yakawanikwa naProfessor Thomas Lynchburg College muna 1994, izvo zvaakatanga kuzivisa mu email.
Pentium FDIV chirwere chakakanganisa Intel Pentium chips chete, kunyanya mukati memunharaunda yeCUU inonzi "floating point unit," iyo ndiyo chikamu chemushanduri anoita masvomhu kuita sekuwedzera, kubvisa, uye kuwedzera, kunyange ichi chinokanganisa chete kuparadzaniswa kushanda.
Iyi CPU bug ingapa zvikanganiso zvakashata mumashandisirwo anogadzirisa quotient, sekuverenga calculator uye spreadsheet software. Chikonzero chechikanganiso ichi chakanga chiri kukanganisa kwepurogiramu apo mamwe magwaro ekuongorora mathemasi akaregererwa, uye naizvozvo chero kuverenga kwaidiwa kuwana mahwendefa iwayo kwakanga kusina kururama sezvazvaigona kunge.
Zvisinei, zvave zvichifungidzirwa kuti Pentium FDIV chirwere ingapa mhedzisiro isina kururama mune imwe chete yemadhora mabhiriyoni gumi nematanhatu inotenderera, uye inongowanikwa mudiki kana kuti nhamba huru chaizvo, kazhinji inenge yakapoteredza 9 kana 10 yenhamba.
Izvozvo zvakati, pakanga pasina kugadziriswa kusina kugadziriswa pamusoro pokuti kazhinji kacho chirwere ichi chaizove chinokonzera sei, neIntel inotaura kuti zvingangoitika kune vashandi vanoshandisa kamwe chete makore makumi maviri nemaviri , asi IBM yakati iyo yaizoitika nguva dzose sekumazuva makumi maviri nemaviri.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzakasunungurwa kuti dzishande kune iyi bug.
- Microsoft yakabudisa mapepa eWindows OS uye Microsoft Excel. Aya mafaira anonzi WW1140.EXE uye WE1136.EXE , maererano, uye anogona kuchengetwa kubva kune ino yeMicrosoft Software Library Mirror website.
- Wolfram akasunungura patch iyi yehurongwa hwekuverenga Mathematica.
Muna December wa1994, Intel akazivisa hupenyu hwehupenyu hwekugadzirisa hutongi hwekugadzirisa hutachiona huse hwakakanganiswa nehutachiona. CPUs dzakatumirwa gare gare dzakanga dzisati dzashungurudzwa nedambudziko iri, saka zvishandise zvinoshandisa Intel processor yakagadzirwa mushure me19 1994 hazvisanganiswi neiyi inenge yakasvibiswa nhengo yedambudziko chinetso.