Hazvigoneki kutaurirana mafirimu software pasina kutanga kugadzirisa kunzwisiswa kwekusiyana pakati pemhando miviri mikuru yemifananidzo: bitmap uye vector mifananidzo.
Chokwadi Pamusoro peBitmap Images
Bitmap images (inozivikanwawo semifananidzo raster) inoumbwa nemapikiseli mune gridhi. Mapikisi ari mifananidzo yezvifananidzo: zvidiki zviduku zvemuvara wega wega unoita izvo zvaunoona pahwindo rako. Zvose izvi zviduku zvitsvuku zvinouya pamwechete kuti zvive nemifananidzo yaunoona. Makombiyuta anotarisa anoratidza mapikiseti, uye nhamba chaiyo inobva pane yako chekuona uye zvirongwa zvekrini. Iyo smartphone iri muhomwe yako inogona kuratidza kusvika kune dzimwe nguva sepiksekisi dzakawanda sekhomuta yako.
Somuenzaniso, mifananidzo pane desktop yako inowanikwa 32 ne 32 pixels, zvinoreva kuti pane mapepa 32 emuvara unoenda kumativi ose. Pakubatanidzwa, madonhwe maduku aya anoumba mufananidzo.
Icho chiratidzo chinoratidzwa mukona yepamusoro yekona yemufananidzo uri pamusoro apa inowanzoitika pakombiyuta icon pakurongwa kwechinyorwa. Sezvaunokurisa iyo chiratidzo, unogona kutanga kuona zvakajeka mumwe nomumwe ruvara ruvara rwemavara. Cherechedza kuti nzvimbo dzakachena dzemashure dzinenge dzichiri piksepi, kunyange zvazvo dzinoita seye imwe yakasimba.
Bitmap Resolution
Bitmap mifananidzo isarudzo yakatarisana. Kugadziriswa kunoreva nhamba yemapikseli mumufananidzo uye inowanzotaurwa se dpi (mabhii ne inch) kana ppi (pixels per inch) . Zviratidzo zveBitmap zvinoratidzwa pamakombiyuta enyu pachisarudzo chemufananidzo: anenge 100 ppi.
Zvisinei, kana uchinyora mabhakmaps, printer yako inoda dhidhii yakawanda yemufananidzo kupfuura chekuongorora. Kuti upe bhitimap mufananidzo nenzira yakarurama, inowanzoshandiswa pakombiyuta inoda 150-300 ppi. Kana iwe wakamboshamisika kuti sei 300 yako dpi yakafananidzirwa inowanikwa yakawanda zvikuru pakuona kwako, ichi ndicho chikonzero.
Kuderedza Mifananidzo uye Kugadzirisa
Nemhaka yokuti bitmaps zvinogadziriswa, hazvibviri kuwedzera kana kuderedza masimba avo pasina kupira chidimbu chemufananidzo wehutano. Paunoderedza hukuru hwemufananidzo we bitmap kuburikidza nemuenzaniso wako wepurogiramu kana mutemo wekugara, pixels inofanira kurasikirwa.
Paunowedzera uwandu hwemufananidzo we bitmap kuburikidza nemapurogiramu emupurogiramu kana shanduro yako, software inofanira kugadzira mapikiseti matsva. Paunenge uchigadzira pixels, software inofanirwa kuenzanisa mararamiro emuvara emapikiseli matsva anobva pamapikisesi akapoteredza. Izvi zvinonzi kududzirwa.
Kunzwisisa Kugadzirisa
Kana iwe uchingetedzana nekugadzirisa kwechifananidzo unowedzera pixels. Ngatiti iwe une pixel yakatsvuka uye pixel yebhuruu kune mumwe. Kana iwe uchingetedzana nekugadzirisa iwe uchave uchiwedzera pixels maviri pakati pavo. Ndeyepi mavarai matsva aya achave? Kuongororongedzana isarudzo yekutora iyo inotarisa kuti ruvara rweipi inowanikwa mapikiseti ichave; iyo kombiyuta iri kuwedzera zvazvinofunga kuti ndiyo mavara akanaka.
Kuyera Mufananidzo
Kuyera mufananidzo hakugadziri chifananidzo zvachose. Mune mamwe mazwi, haigoni kuchinja nhamba yemapikseli mumufananidzo. Zvinoita zvinoita kuti zvikure. Zvisinei, kana iwe ukakonzera chimiro che bitmap kusvika kuhukuru hukuru pane yako peji shanduro software, uchaenda kuona chimiro chakanaka. Kunyange kana iwe usingazvioni pahwindo rako, zvichave zvakajeka mumifananidzo yakadhindwa.
Kuyera chimiro chema bitmap kusvika kumadiki mashoma hachina mhizha; Chaizvoizvo, paunoita izvi uri kuwedzera zvakanyanya ppi yechifananidzo kuitira kuti ichinyatsojekesa. Sei zvakadaro? Icho chichiri nenhamba yakafanana yemapikseli munzvimbo duku.
Zvinonyanya kuonekwa kuti zvirongwa zvepadmap editing ndezvi:
- Microsoft Paint
- Adobe Photoshop
- Corel Photo-Paint
- Corel Paint Shop Pro
- The GIMP
Mifananidzo yose yakarongedzwa inonzi bitmaps, uye mifananidzo yose kubva kumamera makamera ndiyo bitmaps.
Marudzi eBitmap Formats
Kazhinji bitmap formats inosanganisira:
Kushandura pakati pe bitmap mafomu kunowanzoita soro sekuzarura mufananidzo kuchinjwa uye kushandisa shanduro yako ye Save Save sekuti ichengetedze pane chero imwe yemhando ye bitmap inotsigirwa ne software yako.
Bitmaps uye Transparency
Bitmap mifananidzo, kazhinji, haisi inherese inotsigira pachena. Mhando mbiri dzakasarudzwa - iyo GIF nePNG - kutsigira pachena.
Mukuwedzera, mapurogiramu akawanda ekugadzira mifananidzo anotsigira pachena, asi kana chete chifananidzo chacho chikachengetwa mumutauro wepurogiramu yepurogiramu yepurogiramu.
Chinhu chisingazivikanwi chisingazivikanwi ndechokuti nzvimbo dzakasvibirira mumufananidzo dzicharamba dzisina kujeka kana chifananidzo chichichengetedzwa kune imwe fomu, kana kukopihwa nekuiswa pane imwe chirongwa. Izvozvo hazvishandi; zvisinei, kune nzira dzekuvanza kana kudzivirira kunze kwema bitmap yaunoda kushandisa kune mamwe ma software.
Color Depth
Kuyerera kwemavara kunoreva nhamba yemikana inogoneka mumufananidzo. Somuenzaniso, chifananidzo cheGIF chifananidzo che-8-bit, zvinoreva kuti pane 256 mavara anogona kushandiswa.
Mimwe mivara yakadzika ine 16-bit, umo maine mavara 66 000 aripo; uye 24-bit, umo munenge mamiriyoni makumi matanhatu nemasere anogona kuwanikwa. Kuderedza kana kuwedzera kupenya kwemavara kunowedzera mamwe mashoko kana kuti pasi pevara ruvara kune chifananidzo nekunyorera kunowirirana kana kuwedzera mufaira wefaira nehupamhi hwemifananidzo.
Chokwadi pamusoro peVector Images
Kunyange zvisingaiti sezvinowanzoshandiswa se bitmap graphics, vector mavara ane mikana yakawanda. Vector mifananidzo yakaumbwa nevanhu vazhinji, zvinhu zvisingagoneki.
Zvinhu izvi zvinotsanangurwa nemashematical equations, anonzi Bezier Curves, panzvimbo pepiksesi, saka vanogara vachipa hukuru hwepamusoro nokuti ivo vanozvigadzira-chipangizo. Zvinhu zvinogona kuve nemiganhu, mazhizha, uye maumbirwo nemafungiro akashandurwa akadai soruvara, kuzadza, uye kurondedzera.
Kuchinja unhu hwevector chinhu hahupindi chinhu chairo pachako. Iwe unogona kusununguka kushandura chero nhamba yezvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera pasina kuparadza chinhu chinokosha. Chinhu chinogona kugadziriswa kwete nekushandura unhu hwayo asiwo nekuumba uye kuchigadzirisa uchishandiswa nodes uye kutonga zvidzidzo. Kuti uve muenzaniso wekushandisa nodes dzezvinhu, ona zvidzidzo zvangu zveCorelDRAW pakuratidza mwoyo.
Kubatsirwa kweVector Images
Nemhaka yekuti ivo vanogadzikana, vector-based images zvinogadzirisa zvakasununguka. Iwe unogona kuwedzera nekuderedza ukuru hwezvifananidzo zvevector kune chero dhigiri uye mitsara yako icharamba yakasvibiswa uye yakapinza, zvose pahwindo uye mukudhinda.
Mafonti ndiwo rudzi rwevector chinhu.
Imwe mukana wevector mifananidzo ndeyokuti haisi mumiriri wekwakagadzika maitiro akaita se bitmaps. Vector zvinhu zvinogona kuiswa pane zvimwe zvinhu, uye chinhu chiri pasi chicharatidza. Mutsara wedenderedzwa uye bitmap denderedzwa inoita seyoyo yakafanana kana ichionekwa pamuchena mutsvuku, asi kana iwe ukaisa denderedzwa ye bitmap kune rumwe ruvara, ine bhokisi rekwangwani rakakomberedza kubva kumapikiseli machena mumufananidzo.
Kukanganiswa kweVector Images
Vector mifananidzo ine mikomborero yakawanda, asi chinhu chinonyanya kukanganisa ndechekuti havakwanisi kubudisa mufananidzo wemifananidzo. Vector zvinyorwa zvinowanzogadzirwa nenzvimbo dzakasimba dzemavara kana mavara, asi haagoni kurondedzera toni dzinopfuurira dzemufananidzo. Ndokusaka vazhinji vezvifananidzo zvekuona iwe unowanzova nechitarisiko chechikarati-chakafanana.
Kunyange zvakadaro, vector mazamu anoenderera mberi achiva akakwidziridzwa, uye tinokwanisa kuita zvakawanda zvakanyanya ne vector mifananidzo zvino kupfuura isu tingatora makore gumi apfuura. Nhasi vector zana dzinokubvumira kushandisa zvinyorwa zvinyorwa kune zvinhu zvinovapa mufananidzo wezvakanaka, uye iwe zvino unogona kugadzira zvinyoro zvinyoro, kusvinura, uye shading izvo zvaimbova zvakaoma kuwana muvector drawing mapurogiramu.
Rasterizing Vector Images
Vector zvinyorwa zvinowanzobva pane software. Iwe haugoni kuongorora chinyorwa uye kuchichengetedza sevector file pasina kushandisa shanduko yekushandura software. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvifananidzo zvevector zvingashandurwa nyore nyore kuva bitmaps. Izvi zvinonzi rasterizing.
Paunoshandura vector mufananidzo kune bitmap, unogona kutsanangura chigadziro chekugadzirisa kwebitmap yekupedzisira chero chipi zvacho chaunoda. Nguva dzose inokosha kuchengetedza kopi yemifananidzo yako yepakutanga yemufananidzo mumutauro wayo wekuzvarwa usati washandura ichiita bitmap; kana yakashandurwa ku bitmap, chifananidzo chinorasikirwa neunhu hwose hwakanakisisa hwaive nawo mumamiriro ayo ehurumende.
Kana iwe ukashandura vector kune 100 bitmap ne 100 pixels uye wobva wafunga kuti iwe unoda mufananidzo kuti uve mukuru, uchada kudzokera kune yakatanga vector file uye kutumira mufananidzo zvakare. Uyewo, chengetedza mupfungwa kuti kuzarura mufananidzo wevector muchirongwa chekugadzirisa bitmap kazhinji kunoparadza unhu hwevector hwechifananidzo uye huchitendeukira kune dhester data.
Chikonzero chikuru chekuda kushandura vector kune bitmap zvingashandiswa pawebhu. Nzira yakakurumbira uye yakagamuchirwa yevector mifananidzo pawebhu ndeye SVG kana Scalable Vector Graphics.
Pamusana pemhando yemifananidzo, vanofanirwa kutendeukira kuGIF kana PNG mafaira ekushandiswa pawebhu. Izvi zvinochinja zvishoma nezvishoma nokuti vazhinji vemazuva ano vashanduri vanogona kupa SVG mifananidzo.
Kazhinji vector formats dzinosanganisira:
- AI (Adobe Illustrator)
- CDR (CorelDRAW)
- CMX (Corel Exchange)
- SVG ( scalable vector graphics )
- CGM Computer Graphics Metafile
- DXF AutoCAD
- WMF Windows Metafile
Mifananidzo yakakurumbira yekudhira zvirongwa ndeyi:
- Adobe Illustrator
- CorelDRAW
- Xara Xtreme
- Serif DrawPlus
- Inkscape
Metafiles maikirwo ane zvose raster uye vector data. Semuenzaniso, vector image iyo ine chinhu chine bitmap pattern inoshandiswa sezadza ingadai iri metafile. Chinhu ichi chichiri vector, asi chizadzikiso chakazara ine bitmap data.
Kazhinji metafile formats inosanganisira:
- EPS (Encapsulated PostScript)
- PDF (Portable Document Format)
- PICT (Macintosh)