Varume Vanopesana Nokuputsa
Kune zviuru zvemasikirwo anoyevedza vane vashandi vari kushanda mumashini yekombiyuta yanhasi, uye vane basa guru pakuumba mitambo yatinotamba uye mafirimu atinotarisa mumabasa ekugadzira zvavari. Asi shure kwevhidhiyo yose yakagadzirwa nedijitori muyanzvi yekombiyuta yakabatsira kubatsira kuita basa ravo.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, masayendisiti vaiva artists ivo pachavo, mune dzimwe mamiriro ezvinhu ivo vakabva mukuraira kwakakwana kusina kubatana. Chinhu chimwechete icho munhu wese ari pane zvakanyorwa izvi akafanana ndeyekuti akashandisa kombiyuta mafirimu mberi mune imwe nzira. Vamwe vavo vakaisa hwaro makore mazhinji akapfuura apo mhizha yakanga ichiri mucheche. Vamwe vakavandudza nzira, vachiwana mhinduro itsva kumatambudziko ekare.
Vose vaiva mapiyona:
01 yegumi
Ed Catmull
Mapepa Mapikicha, Anti-aliasing, Zvivako Zvisikwa, Z-Buffering
Nokuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwechiitiko semumwe wevadzidzisi vePixar Animation Studios, Ed Catmull ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa seasayendisiti mune ino. Munhu wose anopedza chero nguva yakawanda yekutevera kana kuverenga pamusoro pekambani yeComputer Graphics inenge yasvika kune zita rake kamwechete kana kaviri, uye kunyange vanhu vasina kufarira munyanzvi yekambani yeCG vangave vakamuona achibvuma Chikwata Chechikoro chekubudirira kwepamusoro muna 2009.
Kunze kubva kuPixar, kuwedzera kwePatmull kunowanikwa mumunda kunosanganisira kuumbwa kwemavara mapping (edza kufungidzira imwe shanduko isina mapepa ekugadzirwa kwemavara), kusimbiswa kwezvigadziriswe zvean anti-aliasing, kugadziridzwa kwekugoverana kwekugadzirisa pasi, uye basa rokupayona pamusoro peshoko reZ -kutambudza (kudzika kwehutano).
Ed Catmull akanga ari mumwe wevashandi vekutanga vekombiyuta kuti atange kuisa hwaro hwemazuva ano pikicha yemashini yemagetsi , uye zvipo zvake kumunda zvichinyanyisa. Ari iye zvino ari mutungamiri wePiarar uye Walt Disney Animation Studios.
02 yegumi
Jim Blinn
Blinn-Phong Shader Muenzaniso, Bump Mapping
Blinn akatanga basa rake paNASA, kwaakashanda pazvioni zvekuendesa basa reVatager, kunyange zvazvo mupiro wake kumakombiyuta mapikicha akauya muna 1978 apo akachinja nzira iyo inobatana nayo neD 3D nzvimbo munzvimbo inofanana. Haana kunyora chete Blinn-Phong shader model, iyo yakaratidza nzira dzisingatengeswi (kureva yakatsvaga) nzira yekushandura kwepamusoro-famba pane imwe ye 3D model , inonziwo yakagadzirwa nemapap mapping.
03 wegumi
Loren Carpenter & Robert Cook
Reyes Rendering
Yedu yekutanga, panorongwa, Carpenter naCheka havana kuparadzaniswa nokuti vakabudisa basa ravo rinovhiringidza sevanyori-vanyori (Ed Catmull vakabatsirawo pakutsvakurudza). Vaviri vacho vakabatsira mukuvandudzirwa kwemafoto realism reyes ekugadzira matanho , ayo anogadzira nheyo yePixar yakave yakabudirira PhotoRealistic RenderMan software package (PRMan for short).
Reyes, iyo inomirira Renders Zvose Zvawakamboona, zvichiri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mu studio settings, zvikurukuru paPiarar, asiwo seboka reReyes spinoffs rinowanzonzi Renderman-inonyorera mavara. Nezvikwata zviduku uye vanyori vese, Reyes akambodzingwa ne scanline / raytracing pakapu seMental Ray neVRay.
04 yegumi
Ken Perlin
Perlin Noise, Hypertexture, Real-Time Character Animation, Stylus Based Input Devices
Perlin ndeimwe yemamwe emabhizimisi ane masimba makuru ayo anobudirira ari kure uye anokosha. Perlin Noise inozivikanwa uye inoshamisika inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzirwa kwepamusoro (sezvinoitika, nokukurumidza, nyore, pasina mavara-mapepa inodikanwa) iyo inouya inowanikwa munharaunda yose ye 3D software package . Hypertexture-kukwanisa kuona kuchinja kune maitiro emuenzaniso munguva chaiyo-ndeimwe yepamusoro maitiro ekuchengetedza nguva mune imwe shandisi yekushandisa. Ndinofunga kuti chaiyo-nguva yemunhu mifananidzo inogona kunge inotaura pachayo. Stylus Based Input Devices-edza kuparadzanisa mufananidzo wemagetsi kubva paTable tablet yavo yakavimbika.
Izvo zvinhu zvose izvo unyanzvi wemagetsi anoshandisa zuva rega rega iro iye anoita unyanzvi. Zvichida hapana chekufambira mberi kwaPerlin chakanga chakaita sechinhu chinopesana sezvinoreva, kuumbwa kwemavara-mapepa, asi ivo vose vanokosha.
05 of 10
Pat Hanrahan & Henrik Wann Jensen
Subsurface Kuparadzira, Photon Mapping
Wakamboona Pixar's Tin Toy, kana imwe imwe yedzimiro yepakutanga pamifananidzo-realistic kushandurwa kweunhu hwevanhu? Chimwe chinotarisa, zvakanaka? Izvozvo ndezvokuti ganda revanhu harisi zvachose rinopisa-rinonyatsotumira, rinoparadzira, kana kuti rinotora chikamu chikuru chechiedza chinorova, ichipa ganda redu ruvara rutsvuku kana ruvara ruduku apo mitsipa yeropa iri pedyo nepamusoro. Mavambo ekutanga masheji akanga asingakwanisi kuita izvi nenzira yakakodzera, zvichiita kuti vanhu vaite sevakafa kana zombie-kufanana.
Subsurface Kuparadzanisa (SSS) inzira inoshandura iyo inoita kuti ganda muzvikamu, uye imwe nhepfenyuro inotumira mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzichibva pakadzika-mapepa-ichi ndicho chipo chikuru chaJensen & Hanrahan mumunda, uye chinobatsira nenzira iyo vanhu vemavara vanoshandurwa nhasi.
Iyo photon mapping algorithm yakanyorwa naJensen oga, uye yakafanana inosangana nechiedza chinopfuurira kuburikidza nezvinhu zvakashandura. Kunyanya, photon mapping ndiyo nzira mbiri yekujekesa yenyika inoshandiswa kazhinji kuenzanisa chiedza chinopfuura negirazi, mvura, kana vaporo.
Idzi mbiri dzaiva Awarded Academy mubayiro mukubudirira kwebasa rekuita basa ravo pa subsurface kuparadzira.
06 of 10
Arthur Appel & Turner Whitted
Raycasting & Raytracing Algorithms
Kunyange zvazvo tine nzira mbiri dzakasiyana-siyana, tiri kuverenga raycasting (Appel 1968) uye gare gare raytracing (Whitted 1979) sechinhu chimwe chete chinopinda nokuti Turner Whitted akanga ari kunyanya kuvaka nekugadzirisa basa iro Appel ainge aita makore akawanda zvisati zvaitika.
Pamwe chete, iyo imwe pembe inoumba hwaro hwemashanduro emazuva ano ekushandura, uye inowedzera kuburitsa shanderer nekuda kwekukwanisa kwavo kukwanisa kubereka zvipfeko zvemazuva ezvakaita marara, mumvuri tambo, kugadzirisa, kufungidzira, nekudzika kwemunda. Kunyange zvazvo raytracing renderers yakarurama kwazvo, iyo yakaipa zvikuru iyo yakagara iri (uye ichiripo) inokurumidza uye inobudirira. Kunyange zvakadaro neCUs yanhasi-ine simba uye yakazvitsaurirwa hardware, izvi zvave zvisinganyanyi kukosha.
07 pa10
Paul Debevec
Image Based Rendering & Modeling, HDRI
Nemhaka yekutsvaga kwake, Paul Debevec ndiye oga ane mhosva yemakumi ezviuru evarwere vasingazivikanwi "futuristic motokari iri kugara muimba isina chinhu yakachena asi ichiri kuratidza nzvimbo yakakwana" mifananidzo. Asi iyewo ane basa rekuita kuti kuve nekufambisa kwemazana emasikirwo emagariro, emotokari, uye magadzirirwo ekugadzira maziso.
Mifananidzo yakashandurwa inoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa chifananidzo cheH HDRI (360 degree panoramic image yezvakatipoteredza) kuti ipe magetsi-mamiriro emamiriro e 3D. Kugadzira magomo emwenje kubva kune vel world vista zvinoreva kuti vanyori havachadi kupedza maawa vachiisa magetsi uye mabhokisi ekuratidzira munzvimbo ye 3D kuitira kuti vawane rukudzo ruremekedzo.
Basa rake pamusoro pekufananidzira kwekufananidzira kunobvumira chizvarwa che 3D model kubva mune zvinyorwa zvezvifananidzo-idzi nzira dzakatanga kushandiswa pa The Matrix, uye dzakashandiswa mumitambo yakawanda mafirimu kubva ipapo.
08 yegumi
Krishnamurthy & Levoy
Kazhinji Mapoka
Kwatinofanira kutanga nezviviri. Basa ravo rinogona kungoita shanduko imwe chete, asi mukomana akanga ari mukuru. Kazhinji mapikicha, yakavakirwa pane pfungwa yokuti zvinogona kukodzera meshonga yakazara (nemamiriyoni ema polygoni) kusvika pakadzika kwechigadziriso chechigorosi yakatarwa kubva mumasikirwo emasidharini epasi.
Izvo zvingasaita sezvinongoita zvakawanda kana iwe uchibva pane zvinoonekwa mumamiriro ezvinhu uko zvisinganzwi zvekutsaurira kusvika kuma80 CPU maawa ekupa nguva yekuita imwe fomu yefirimu. Ingotora nzvimbo yekuchengetera yakazadza makombiyuta uye isingaiti nesimba, iwe ungati.
Asi zvakadini mumakwikwi emakambani apo mamiriro ezvinhu ose anoda kupiwa makumi matanhatu pese yechipiri? Kukwanisa "kubika" nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemitambo nemamiriyoni emapurogoni mupasi-pasi-real-time mesh ndiyo yakawanda chikonzero chekuti mitambo yanhasi inotarisa yakanaka. Gears yeHondo pasina mapikirwo akajeka? Kwete mukana.
09 yegumi
Ofer Alon & Jack Rimokh
Yakagadzirwa Pixologic, yakasika ZBrush
Makore anenge gumi apfuura apfuura varume ava vakazununguka mhizha apo vakagadzira Pixologic uye vakaunza revolutionary modeling application, ZBrush. Ivo vasina-handedly vakatungamira munguva yeichoto sculptor, uye pamwe nayo yakauya mazana emafantasti akazara, asingatauriki zvakagadzirwa, e-3D mifananidzo yakadai sepasi risina kumbobvira raona.
Rinoshandiswa pamwe chete nemapupa anowanzoitwa, ZBrush (uye software yakafanana seMadbox yakavakwa pamagariro akafanana) yakashandura nzira iyo vateereri vanoshanda. Panzvimbo yekushanda pamusoro pemiganhu-kuyerera uye kuongororwa , iko zvino zvinoita kuveza 3D model sechidimbu chedhijita dhijitori ine zvishoma zvido zvekuisa mapurogoni vertex ne vertex.
Pamusoro pevatungamiri kwose kwose, ndinokuvongai Pixologic. Ndatenda.
10 pa10
William Reeves
Motion Blur algorithm
Reeves ndomumwe wevarume ivavo vakashongedzerwa chete nehombodo dzose dzaunogona kufungidzira mumashini yemakombiyuta. Akashanda semuongorori wemichina paJohn Lasseter's seminal Luxo Jr. pfupi firimu (kuberekwa kwechigoni chePixar) uye akaita mabasa makuru mune gumi nemimwe mafirimu. Mipiro yake inowanzove iri mune zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro, asi pane dzimwe nguva akabhadhara matarenda ake semuenzaniso, uye kunyange kamwechete semhuka.
Kubudirira kwake kukuru kwekwanisi, uye chikonzero chaiye chaari pane iyi, ndekukudziridza yekutanga gadziriro yekugadzirisa kutevera mafambiro ekutsvaira mumakombiyuta emifananidzo.
Dzidza pamusoro pekudhindwa kweDistern