3D Model Components - Vertices, Edges, Polygons & More

Anatomy ye 3D Model

3D Models imwe yezvakakosha zvezvivako zve 3D computer maikirwo. Pasina ivo, pakanga pasina mifananidzo yekombiyuta-kwete Toy Story , kwete Wall-E , hakuna guru guru ogre.

Panove pasina hutambo hweD 3D, zvinoreva kuti hatina kumbofanira kuongorora Hyrule muOcarina yeAnguva , uye Master Chief haana kumbove paHalo. Panove pasina mafirimu eTransformers (pamwe nenzira yatinovaziva nhasi), uye kutengesa motokari hakukwanise kutarisa chero chinhu chakadai.

Chinhu chimwe nechimwe, unhu, uye zvisikwa, mumafirimu ose emapuraneti kana mutambo wemavhidhiyo ye 3D, inowanikwa ne 3D model. Saka hongu, ivo vakakosha chaizvo munyika yeCG.

Chii chinonzi 3D Model?

A 3D Model inomiridzo yemasvomhu yechinhu chimwe chetatu-dimensional (chaiye kana kufungidzirwa) mu 3D software environment. Kusiyana nomufananidzo weDD, 3D mienzaniso inogona kuonekwa mune mamwe mapurogiramu e-software kubva kune imwe nzvimbo, uye inogona kuiswa, kushandurwa, kana kushandurwa zvakasununguka. Nzira yekusika nekuumba 3D model inozivikanwa se 3d modeling.

Mhando dze 3D Models

Kune miviri miviri yakakosha yemidhori ye 3D iyo inoshandiswa mufirimu nemumakambani emitambo, maitiro akasiyana-siyana ari pachena ari munzira iyo yakasikwa uye inoshandiswa (kune kusiyana kwemasvomhu ari pasi pacho, asi izvozvo hazvina kukosha kusvikira pakuguma -user).

1. NURBS Simba: A Isina-yunifomu yakananga B-spline, kana kuti NURBS yepamusoro inonyatsooneka yemufananidzo yakagadzirwa kuburikidza nekushandiswa kweBeerer curves (kufanana neD 3D version ye MS Paint pen tool). Kuti aumbe NURBS pamusoro, munyori wacho anotora mairi maviri kana kupfuura mahara mu 3D space, iyo inogona kushandiswa nekutakura zvinyorwa zvinonzi control vertices (CVs) pamwe ne x, y, kana z axis.
   1. The software application interpolates the space between curves and creates a smooth mesh between them. NURBS nzvimbo dzinonyanya kukoshesa mathematical zvakajeka saka saka dzinowanzoshandiswa mukuenzanisira kweunyanzvi nekugadzirwa kwemotokari.
2. Purogoniyamu Muenzaniso: Polygonal mienzaniso kana "meshes" sezvavanowanzozivikanwa, ndiyo inowanzozivikanwa ye 3D model inowanikwa muhupenyu, firimu, nemitambo yemitambo, uye ivo vachava rudzi ratinotarisa pane zororo rose.

Zvinowanikwa Muenzaniso wePolygon

• Zviso: Zvinotsanangurwa zvepolygonal muenzaniso ndeyekuti (kusiyana neNURBS Surfaces) mazamu emhando yeganda yakawanda , zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo ye 3D model inoumbwa nemazana kana zviuru zvezviso zvemaometri.

Mukuenzanisira kwakanaka, mapuroni anenge emakumbo mana ( quads -tsika inowanikwa mumunhu / maitiro ekugadzira) kana zvitatu zvakasara ( tris- yakanyanya kunyanya mumutambo wokufananidzira). Vatevedzeri vakanaka vanoedza kushanda zvakanaka uye sangano, vachiedza kuchengetedza mapikoni pasi zvakaderera sezvinobvira nokuda kwechimiro chakatarwa.

Nhamba yepolgoni mumapundu, inonzi poly-count , asi polygon yehuwandu hunozivikanwa sarudzo . Iyo yakanakisisa 3D mienzaniso ine sarudzo yakakwirira? uko pane zvakawanda zvichinyorwa - sezvakaitwa nemaoko kana kuti chiso, uye kusarudzwa kwakadzika mune zvakaderera nzvimbo dze mesh. Kazhinji, iyo yakakosha kugadziriswa kwemuenzaniso, iyo inotonhora ichaonekwa muchirevo chekupedzisira. Chitsauko chemashure chemashure chitarisa boxy (rangarirai Mario 64 ?).

• Mhedzisiro: Anopera chero chinhu chipi zvacho pamusoro pe 3D model umo zviso zviviri zvinotarisana zvinosangana.
• Vertices: Nheyo yekupindirana pakati pematatu matatu kana kupfuura inonzi vertex ( pl. Vertices ). Kugadziriswa kwemaziso pa x, y, uye z-axes (zvinonzi "kusunungura uye kuvhomora magetsi") zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakuumba mhando yema polygon muyo yakagadziriswa mumasikari akafanana neMaya, 3Ds Max, nezvimwewo. . (Nzira dzakanyanya, dzakasiyana zvikuru mukuveza zvibvumirano zvakadai seZBrush kana Mudbox.)

Pikoroniyamu mienzaniso yakafanana zvikuru nemasikirwo emagetsi edzimhosva iwe zvichida wakadzidza pamusoro pepakati pechikoro. Kungofanana nedzimwe ruzivo rwemasikirwe emakemikari, 3D polygonal mifananidzo yakave nezviso, mheto, uye maziso .

Ichokwadi, inonyanya kuoma 3D mhando inotanga sechimiro chemajemi yemaometri, seka cube, sphere, kana cylinder. Aya maitiro akafanana e 3D anonzi chinhu primitives . Izvozvo zvinotanga kuenzaniswa, zvakaumbwa, uye zvinoshandiswa pane chero chinhu icho mufananidzo ari kuedza kuumba (zvakanyanya sezvatingadi kuti tifambe zvakadzama, tichavhara nzira ye 3D modeling mune imwe nyaya yakasiyana).

Pane imwezve chikamu che 3D mhando dzinoda kutariswa:

Mavara uye Shaders

Pasina mavara uye shaders, 3D model yaisazoita seyakawanda. Chaizvoizvo, iwe haungakwanise kuzviona zvachose. Kunyange zvazvo mavara uye shaders vasina chavanoita nehuwandu hwema 3D model, vane zvose zvavanoita nehunooneka.

• Shaders: A shader iseteredzwa yemirayiridzo inoshandiswa ku 3D model inobvumira kombiyuta kuziva kuti inofanira kuiswa sei. Kunyange zvazvo shading mitambo inogona kuiswa coded manually, yakawanda 3D software packs ine zvigadziri zvinobvumira mufananidzo wacho kugadzirisa mitemo ye shader nekunyatsogadzirisa. Kushandisa zvishandiso izvi, muongorori anokwanisa kudzora nzira iyo yepamusoro yemuenzaniso inobatanidza nechiedza, kusanganisira opacity, reflectivity, kufungidzira kunotsanangurwa (kubwinya), nezvimwe zvizhinji zvevamwe.
• Mifananidzo: Mavara anowedzerawo zvakanyanya pakuonekwa kwemufananidzo. Mifananidzo mafairi maviri-dimensional mafaira anogona kuvezwa pamapurisa e 3D surface kuburikidza nehutano hunozivikanwa sekunamata mapping . Mifananidzo inogona kuoma mumatambudziko kubva pamadziro akareruka emicheka mavara kusvika kune zvakakwana zvephotorealistic pamusoro.

Kunyora mavara uye shading chinhu chinokosha chekombiyuta pipeline , uye kunyora pakunyorera shader-mitambo kana kukura makamende emagetsi chinhu chinokosha pane chazvo. Kudhindwa uye kuveza vanyori vese vanobatsirawo mukuratidzwa kwemafirimu kana mufananidzo sevatungamire kana zvikara.

Iwe wakazviita!

Tariro, panguva ino, unoziva zvishoma nezvemifananidzo yeD 3D uye maitiro avo epamusoro. Pakati pavo, 3D mhando dzakangosanganisa maomero ejometri nemazana ezviso zviduku zvishoma. Kunyange zvakadaro, hazvina mubvunzo kuti unofara kuverenga pamusoro pezvirongwa zve 3D, zvinotonyanya kufadza kuzviita iwe pachako.