Inenge imwe nhumbi yose yakagadzirwa nekombiyuta inoda RAM. Tarisa paunofarira chigadzirwa chako (sv. Smartphones, mahwendefa, madesktops, laptops, graphing calculators, HDTVs, mashandisirwo emakambani ekutamba, etc) uye unofanira kuwana mamwe mashoko pamusoro pe RAM. Kunyange zvazvo RAM yose inoshandisa chinangwa chimwe chete, pane dzimwe mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzinoshandiswa nhasi:
- Simba RAM (SRAM)
- RAM Yakasimba (DRAM)
- Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
- Single Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)
- Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4)
- Graphics Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM, GDDR2, GDDR3, GDDR4, GDDR5)
- Flash Memory
Chii RAM?
RAM inomirira Random Access Memory , uye inopa makombiyuta nzvimbo yakadikanwa inotarisirwa kugadzirisa ruzivo uye kugadzirisa zvinetso munguva ino. Iwe unogona kufunga pamusoro payo sekare reusable scratch peputi kuti iwe unyore manotsi, nhamba, kana mifananidzo pane penzura. Kana iwe ukabuda kunze kwepamusoro pamapepa, unoita zvakawanda nekubvisa zvausingadi; RAM inofanana nenzira iyo inoda nzvimbo yakawanda yekugadzirisa nhepfenyuro yenguva pfupi (kureva kushanda software / mapurogiramu). Zvikamu zvepamusoro zvepapepa zvinokubvumira kunyora zvimwe (uye zvakakura) pfungwa pane imwe nguva isati yafa; yakawanda RAM mukati memakombiyuta inowedzera zvakafanana.
RAM inouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana (kureva nzira iyo inobatanidza nayo kana kuti inopindirana neakombiyuta maitiro), unyanzvi (inoyerwa muna MB kana GB ), inokurumidza (inoyerwa muMHz kana GHz ), uye mapurikiti. Izvi nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha kufunga pamusoro pokuvandudza maitiro ane RAM, semakombiyuta (semuenzaniso hardware, mabheji emadzimai) anofanira kutevedzera zvakasimba zvinowirirana mazano. Semuyenzaniso:
- Vakwegura-chizvarwa chemakombiyuta havanzwisisi kugadzirisa mafungiro emangwana e-RAM teknolojia
- Laptop memory haikwanise kuwanikwa muma desktops (uye zvinyorwa)
- RAM haisi nguva dzose shure yakabatana
- Nzira yakawanda haigoni kuenzanisa uye kuenzanisa marudzi akasiyana / zvizvarwa zve RAM pamwe chete
Simba RAM (SRAM)
Nguva muMatengo: 1990s kusvika
Mishonga yakakurumbira Kushandisa SRAM: Digital kamera, routers, printers, LCD skrini
Chimwe chezvinhu zviviri zvakakosha yekuyeuka (imwe iyo iri DRAM), SRAM inoda kuramba ichifamba nesimba kuitira kuti ishande. Nokuda kwesimba rinoenderera mberi, SRAM haifaniri 'kugadziriswa' yekuyeuka dhaka iri kuchengetwa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero SRAM inonzi 'static' - hapana shanduko kana chiito (semuvandudza) inofanirwa kuchengetedza dambudziko rakagadzikana. Zvisinei, SRAM inorangariro yakajeka, iyo inoreva kuti iyo data yose yakanga yachengetwa inorasikirwa kana simba racho rapera.
Zvakanakira kushandisa SRAM (vs. vs. DRAM) inoshandiswa simba rekushandisa nekukurumidza kusvika pakuwedzerwa. Kuvhiringidzika kwekushandisa SRAM (vs. vs. DRAM) zvishoma kukuyeuka kukwanisa uye mari yakakwirira yekugadzira. Nemhaka yezviitiko izvi, SRAM inowanzoshandiswa mu:
- CPU cache (eg L1, L2, L3)
- Dhiyabhorosi yekutengesa yakaoma / cache
- Vatoriki veDigital-to-analog (DACs) pamakadhi evhidhiyo
RAM Yakasimba (DRAM)
Nguva muMatengo: 1970 kusvika pakati pe1990
Mishonga yakakurumbira Kushandisa DRAM: Video game consoles, networking hardware
Chimwe chezvinhu zviviri zvakakosha yekuyeuka (imwe iyo iri SRAM), DRAM inoda nguva yekuvandudza 'yesimba kuitira kuti ishande. Vadzidzisi vanochengetedza data muRDC vanowedzera simba; hapana simba rinoreva kuti data inorasika. Ichi ndicho chikonzero DRAM inonzi "simba" - kushanduka nguva dzose kana chiito (kureva kugadzirisa) kunodiwa kuchengetedza data yakagadzikana. DRAM ichinyanya kuyeuka, izvo zvinoreva kuti data yose yakachengetwa inorasikirwa kana simba rapera.
Zvakanakira kushandisa DRAM (vs. SRAM) inodhura mari yekugadzira uye hukuru hwekuyeuka kukwanisa. Kuvhiringidzika kwekushandisa DRAM (vs. SRAM) kunonoka kukurumidza kufambira mberi uye kushandiswa kwesimba. Nemhaka yezviito izvi, DRAM inowanzoshandiswa mu:
- System memory
- Video graphics memory
Mumakore ekuma1990, Yakadhindwa Data Out Dynamic RAM (EDO DRAM) yakagadzirwa, yakateverwa nekushanduka kwayo, Burst EDO RAM (BEDO DRAM). Izvi zvinyorwa zvakayeuchidza nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushanda / kubudirira pamadhura akaderera. Zvisinei, teknolojia yakashandurwa kusingagumi nekugadzirwa kwe SDRAM.
Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDRAM)
Nguva muMusika: 1993 kusvika zvino
Mishonga yakakurumbira Kushandisa SDRAM: Computer memory, video game consoles
SDRAM isarudzo ye DRAM iyo inoshanda muchienderana neCCU clock , zvinoreva kuti inomirira kwemaini yeawa asati apindura kuwanikwa kwemashoko (semuvarairidzi wemashandisi). Kusiyana neizvi, DRAM is aschchronous, izvo zvinoreva kuti inopindura pakarepo kuwedzerwa kwe data. Asi kubatsirwa kwekushandiswa kwechinyorwa ndeyekuti CPU inokwanisa kushandura mirayiridzo yakawandisa inofanana, iyo inozivikanwawo se'kupipelining '- kukwanisa kugamuchira (kuverenga) murairo mutsva musati mutevedzeri wapfuura wagadziriswa zvakakwana (kunyora).
Kunyange zvazvo pipelining haina kukanganisa nguva inotora kugadzirisa mirayiridzo, inobvumira mamwe mazano kuti apedze panguva imwe chete. Kuchengeta imwe kuverenga uye imwe yekunyora murayiridzo pamushandi weawa yega inoguma nepamusoro-soro yeCUU yekuendesa / maitiro emitambo. SDRAM inotsigira pipelining nekuda kwekuti nzira yekuyeuka kwayo yakakamurwa kuva mabhandi akasiyana, ndicho chakaita kuti zvive zvakanyanya kufarirwa pamusoro pezvakakosha DRAM.
Single Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (SDR SDRAM)
Nguva muMusika: 1993 kusvika zvino
Mishonga yakakurumbira Kushandisa SDR SDRAM: Computer memory, video game consoles
SDR SDRAM ndiyo nguva yakakurudzirwa ye SDRAM - iyo miviri miviri yakafanana uye yakafanana, asi inowanzotaurwa seSADRAM chete. Izvo 'rimwe chete dhamba rekutsvaga' rinoratidza kuti chiyeuchidzo chinogadzirisa sei kuverenga uye imwe kunyora murayiridzo nenguva yeawavha. Izvi zvakabatsira kusimbisa kuenzanisa pakati pe SDR SDRAM neDDR SDRAM:
- DDR SDRAM inonyanya kukosha kwechizvarwa che SDR SDRAM
Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (DDR SDRAM)
Nguva muMusika: 2000 kupa
Mitambo yakakurumbira Kushandisa DDR SDRAM: Computer memory
DDR SDRAM inoshanda se SDR SDRAM, kaviri chete nokukurumidza. DDR SDRAM inokwanisa kugadzirisa maviri kuverenga uye mbiri kunyora mirayiridzo pakushandura kweawa (naizvozvo 'kaviri'). Kunyange zvazvo yakafanana mubasa, DDR SDRAM ine maonero akasiyana-siyana (184 pini uye chinyorwa chimwe chete pazvibatanidza) zvichienderana ne SDR SDRAM (168 mapepa uye maviri zvinyorwa pachikwata). DDR SDRAM inoshandawo mumhepo yakadzika yezinga (2.5 V kubva pa3.3 V), kudzivirira kusvibiswa kushure ne SDR SDRAM.
- DDR2 SDRAM ndeyekushanduka-shanduka kusimbisa kuDDR SDRAM. Kunyange zvazvo uine huwandu hwemashoko maviri (kutarisa maviri kuverenga uye mbiri nyora mirayiridzo pamusana purogiramu yeawa), DDR2 SDRAM iri kukurumidza nokuti inogona kumhanya pane yakakwirira maawa. Nhamba (isina kupfekedzwa ) DDR memory modules kumusoro kunze pa 200 MHz, nepo DDR2 inoyevedza memori modules inobuda kunze pa 533 MHz. DDR2 SDRAM inomhanya pamhepo yakadzika (1.8 V) ine mapepa akawanda (240), iyo inodzivisa kudzokera kuwirirana.
- DDR3 SDRAM inovandudza kushanda pamusoro peDDR2 SDRAM kuburikidza nehuwandu hwekugadziriswa kwechiratidzo (kuvimbika), hurukuro yekuyeuka, simba rekushandisa (1.5 V), uye yepamusoro yepamusi yeawa (kusvika 800 Mhz). Kunyange zvazvo DDR3 SDRAM ine nhamba imwechete yepini seDDR2 SDRAM (240), zvimwe zvinhu zvose zvinodzivirira kusvibiswa kushure.
- DDR4 SDRAM inovandudza kushanda pamusoro peDDR3 SDRAM kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwechiratidzo chepamusoro (kuvimbika), kunyange kukura kwepamusoro simba, kunyange kushandiswa kwesimba shoma (1.2 V), uye yakakwirira yepamusi yeawa (kusvika 1600 Mhz). DDR4 SDRAM inoshandisa maitiro 288-pini, iyo inodzivirira kudzokera kunoenderana.
Graphics Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic RAM (GDDR SDRAM)
Nguva muMusika: 2003 kupa
Mishonga yakakurumbira Kushandisa GDDR SDRAM: Mifananidzo yemifananidzo makadhi, mamwe mapiritsi
GDDR SDRAM inonzi DDR SDRAM iyo yakanyatsorongedzerwa kuti iite mavhidhiyo mavhidhiyo, kazhinji pamwe chete neGPU (graphics processing unit) pane kadhi revhidhiyo . Mazuva ano PC mitambo inozivikanwa kusundira vhokupepe ine zvinyorwa zvisinganzwisisiki zvepamusoro-shanduko dzemamiriro ezvinhu, kazhinji zvinoda hufty system specs uye yakanakisisa yemavhidhiyo yemavhidhiyo kuitira kuti itambe (kunyanya kana uchishandisa 720p kana 1080p yakasarudzwa maitiro ekuratidzira ).
- Saizvozvowo neDDR SDRAM, GDDR SDRAM ine inoshandiswa yekushandura mutsara (kuvandudza kushanda uye kuderedza simba rekushandisa): GDDR2 SDRAM, GDDR3 SDRAM, GDDR4 SDRAM, uye GDDR5 SDRAM.
Pasinei nokugovana zvakafanana neDDR SDRAM, GDDR SDRAM haina kufanana. Iko kune maonero akasiyana neenzira iyo GDDR SDRAM inoshanda, kunyanya pamusoro pekuti bandwidth inofanirwa sei pamusoro pe latency. GDDR SDRAM inotarisirwa kugadzirisa zviyero zvakawanda zvemashoko (bandwidth), asi kwete pamhanho dzinokurumidzira (latency) - funga nezvenzira 16-lane yakaiswa pa 55 MPH. Zvichienzaniswa, DDR SDRAM inotarisirwa kuva nehana yakaderera kuti inopindura maCUU - funga nezvemugwagwa 2-lane wakaiswa pa 85 MPH.
Flash Memory
Nguva muMusika: 1984 kupa
Mishonga yakakurumbira Kushandisa Flash Memory: Digital makamera, mafoni / mapiritsi, zvigadzirwa zvemitambo / maotoni
Flash kukuyeuka ndeyechimiro chesati chisingaiti chekuchengetedza chekuchengetedza icho chinochengetedza zvose data mushure mokunge simba ragurwa. Pasinei nezita racho, flash memory iri pedyo nepomufomu uye kushanda (kureva kuchengetedza uye kutumira data) kune zvakasimba zvinotya zvinopfuura zvataurwa pamusoro pe RAM. Flash memory inowanzoshandiswa mu:
- USB flash drives
- Printers
- P inofanirwa nhepfenyuro yevhidhiyo
- Memory card
- Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zviduku
- PDAs