Apo ziso rinosangana nechikanda ...
Apo iwe unotenga TV, Blu-ray Disc player, DVD player, kana camcorder, mutengesi nguva dzose anoita seanoshandura kugadziriswa kwemashoko . Ndiyo mitsara iyi uye mapikisiki uye nezvimwe zvakadaro ... Mushure mechinguva, hapana chimwe chazvo chinoratidzika sechine musoro. Hezvino izvo zvaunoda kuziva.
Ipi Vhidhiyo Kugadzirisa Is
Vhidhiyo mufananidzo inoumbwa nemitsara ye scan (analog video kurekodi / maitiro ekutamba uye maTV) kana mapikisi (digital recording / playback device uye LCD, Plasma, OLED TV ). Nhamba yemigwagwa yekuongorora kana pixels inogadzira zvakanyorwa kana kuratidzwa kusarudzwa.
Kusiyana nefirimu, umo mufananidzo wose unoratidzwa pachikanda kamwechete, mifananidzo yevhidhiyo inoratidzika zvakasiyana.
Mifananidzo yeVhidhiyo Inoratidzwa Sei
Mufananidzo weTV unoumbwa nemiganhu kana pixel inotarisana nechiyero kubva pakutanga kwekona uye kuenda kune zasi. Iyi mitsara kana mitsara inogona kuratidzwa nenzira mbiri.
- Nzira yekutanga iyo mifananidzo inogona kuratidzirwa ndeyokuparadzanisa miganhu muminda miviri iyo iyo dzose dzisinganzwisisiki mitsara dzinotaridzwa kutanga uye ipapo mitsetse yose yakaverengwa-iyo inoratidzirwa kupindira kana kupindira mukati .
- Chechipiri nzira, iyo inoshandiswa muyodhidhiyo yemavhidhiyo, inofambira mberi . Panzvimbo yekuratidza mitsetse mune dzimwe nzvimbo mbiri, kufambira mberi kunotendera mitsetse kuratidza sequentially. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvose zvisinganzwisisiki uye kunyange mitsara yakaverengwa zvinoratidzirwa mukuverengwa kwemabare.
CRT TVs (TV dzinoshandiswa mufananidzo wemifananidzo) dzinogona kuitwa kuti dziratidze mifananidzo yakasununguka kana inofambira mberi, asi maTV-flat panel (LCD, Plasma, OLED) inogona kuratidza zvishoma nezvishoma zviratidzo zvishoma nezvishoma - paunotarisana nechiratidzo chemufananidzo chinopindira, gorofa TV ichadzokororazve ruzivo rwevhidhiyo rwakabatana kuitira kuti rwugone kuratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Vhidhiyo yeAnalog - The Starting Point
Kana zvasvika pakatarisana kwatinoona kuronga kwevhidhiyo, video yeAnalogog ndiyo yekutanga. Kunyange zvazvo zvizhinji zvezvatinoona paTV zvinobva kune zvinyorwa zvemagetsi, mamwe magwaro analogog uye maTV achiri kushandiswa.
Muvhidhiyo yeAnalogog, iyo yakawanda nhamba yemitsetse yakananga, yakawedzera zvakajeka mufananidzo. Zvisinei, nhamba yemitsetse yakananga yakaiswa mukati megadziriro. Hezvino tarisiro yekuti kusarudzwa kunoshanda sei muNTSC, PAL, uye SECAM mavhidhiyo emasikirwo emagetsi.
- NTSC yakavakirwa pamusana we 525-line, 60 masango / 30 mafaira-per-yechipiri, pane 60Hz system yekutumira uye kuratidzwa kwezvifananidzo zvevhidhiyo. Iyi ndiyo nzira inopindira iyo iyo firimu imwe inotaridzirwa mumatanho maviri emirara 262, iyo zvino inosanganiswa kuratidzira fomu yevhidhiyo ne 525 scan lines. NTSC-based nyika inosanganisira US, Canada, Mexico, dzimwe nzvimbo dzeCentral neSouth America, Japan, Taiwan, uye Korea.
- PAL ndiyo ndiyo yakashandiswa zvikuru pamusana peNTSC-based nyika yeAnalogog kuparidzirwa kweterevhizheni uye mavhidhiyo kuratidzwa, yakabva pamatanho 625, 50 munda / 25 masimeri yechipiri, 50HZ system. Chiratidzo chacho chinopindirana, seNTSC mumiti miviri, yakagadzirwa nemitsara 312 imwe neimwe. Zvisiyaniso zvePAL ndezvimwe zviri nani zviri nani pane NTSC nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemazera ekutsvaga, uye sezvo ruvara rwaive chikamu chetsika kubva pakutanga , ruvara rwehutano pakati pezvitoro neTV zviri nani zvikuru. Nyika dzinoshandisa hurongwa hwePAL dzinosanganisira UK, Germany, Spain, Portugal, Italy, China, India, vazhinji veAfrica, uye Middle East.
- SECAM ndiyo "kunze kwemutemo" weAnalogog video standards. Kufanana nePAL, iri mutsara we625, 50 minda / 25 mafaira pamusangano wepamuviri, asi ruvara rwemuvara runoshandiswa zvakasiyana pane pane PAL kana NTSC. Nyika dzakashandisa SECAM system dzinosanganisira France, Russia, Eastern Europe, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzeMiddle East.
Nhamba yemigwagwa yekutsvaga, kana kuti yakagadziriswa , yakagadziriswa , yeNTSC / PAL / SECAM, inogara ichitaura kuti zvose zvinyorwa zvekare zvekurekodha uye zvigadzirwa zvinoratidzira zvinowirirana nemitemo iri pamusoro apa. Zvisinei, kuwedzera kune mitsetse yakananga, kuwanda kwemashoko anowanikwa mukati memutsara wega wega pahwindo inoita kuti chimwe chinhu chizivikanwe sechinhu chisingaenzaniswi chinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekukwanisa kwekodhi yekurekodha / dhidhiyo yokutamba kuti inyore madhita uye kukwanisa yevhidhiyo kuongorora kuisa mavara pachando.
Kushandisa NTSC semuenzaniso, kune 525 scan lines (vertical resolution), asi 485 mizere yekutsvaga inoshandiswa kunyora tsanangudzo yekutanga mumufananidzo (mitsetse yakasara yakatonyorwa nedzimwe ruzivo, zvakadai sekuvharwa kwemashoko uye mamwe mazano ehuchenjeri ). Mafirimu mazhinji eAnalogog ane majekiti anokonzerwa neAV anogona kuratidza kusvika kumiganhu 450 yekunze kwegadziriswa, uye nepamusoro-kugadzirisa maziso anokwanisa zvakawanda.
Izvo zvinotevera urongwa hwemavhidhiyo e-analog uye mavheti ekufungidzira. Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvakanyorwa zvinokonzerwa nehuwandu hwehutano hwemhando dzakasiyana uye mhando dzezvinhu zvinoshandiswa uchishandisa maitiro.
- VHS / VHS-C - Mitsara 220 kusvika 240
- BETA - mitsara 250
- 8mm - 250 kusvika 280 mitsara
- SuperBETA - 270 kusvika 280 mitsara
- Analog TV Broadcast - 330 mitsara
- Analog Cable TV - 330 mitsara
- Dhigirii Dhadhiro Dhidhiro - Kusvika kumakero 480 (aks 480i) kuburikidza neAnalogog video output. 720x480 pixels (480i kana 480p) neHDMI (digital) video yakabudiswa.
- S-VHS / S-VHSC - mitsara 400
- DVD-R / -RW / + R / + RW - 250 kusvika ku400 + mitsara (Inofanirwa kutora mamiriro uye kushandiswa kushandiswa).
- Laserdisc - mitsara 400 kusvika 425
- Hi8 - 380 kusvika 440 mitsara
- Digital 8 - 400 kusvika 500 miganhu
- miniDV - mazana mana kusvika ku520 mitsara
- microMV - 500 mitsara
- ED BETA - 500 mitsara
- Zvebhizimisi DVD - 480 mitsara (aka 480i) neAnalogog video output. 720x480 pixels (480i kana 480p) neHDMI (digital) video yakabudiswa.
Sezvaunogona kuona, pane musiyano wakawanda mukugadzirisa kuti mavhidhiyo akasiyana-siyana anofanana ne. VHS iri pamucheto wepasi, kana miniDV neDVD (pavanoshandisa vhidhiyo video yakabuda) inomiririra zvakanakisisa mavhidhiyo mavhidhiyo ayo ave achiwanzoshandiswa.
Zvisinei, chimwe chikonzero chinofanirwa kuongororwa ndechokuti kugadziriswa kwakataurwa kune Digital uye HDTV.
Sezvakangoita muvhidhiyo yeanalog kune zvose zvakajeka uye zvisinganzwisisiki kune chidimbu chevhidhiyo yevhidhiyo. Zvisinei, sarudzo yose yezviratidzo yakaratidzwa muDTV neHDTV inotumidzwa maererano nenhamba yemapiksesi pachikero panzvimbo pemitsetse. Pixel imwe neimwe inoumbwa nebhuruu, ruvara, uye bhuruu subpixel.
Digital TV Resolution Standards
Mumazuva ano digital TV mitemo, pane zvikamu gumi nematanhatu zvekugadzirisa mavhidhiyo zvakagamuchirwa neC FCC kuti ishandiswe muUnited States TV kuparidzirwa (iyo inoshandiswawo mumatafura akawanda / satana mune dzimwe nzira). Nenzira yakanaka, kune mutengi, kune zvitatu chete zvinowanzoshandiswa nevashambadziri veTV, asi zvose tunotarisa HDTV zvinowirirana nemhando dzose gumi nemasere.
Aya mazano matatu ekugadziriswa anoshandiswa mu digital uye HDTV ndeaya:
- 480p - Yakasimwa nema 720 pixels inofamba pamusoro pehwindo uye mazana mapikisi mazana mana kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Mutsara wega wepikseli unoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Nhamba yose yepikseli inoratidzwa pachikwangwani ndeye 345 600.
- 720p - Inomiririrwa ne1280 pixels inofamba pamusoro pehwindo uye 720 pixels iri kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Mutsara wega wepikseli unoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Nhamba yakazara yepikseli inoratidzirwa pahwindo ndeye 921 600.
- 1080i - Inomiririrwa ne1 920 pixels inofamba pamusoro pehwindo uye 1,080 pixels iri kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi. Mutsetse wega wepikseli unoratidzwa nenzira yekutarisana (mitsetse yose isinganzwisisiki, inoteverwa nemitsetse yose yakaverengwa kunyange). Nhamba yose yepiksesi inoratidzwa pachikwangwani ndeye 2 027 600 (hafu yepiksesi inoratidzwa panguva).
1080p
Kunyange zvazvo isina kushandiswa muTV kuparidzira (kusvika pano), Blu-ray disc format , kutumbuka , uye dzimwe kambo / satellite zvigoneti zvinogona kuunza zvinyorwa mu 1080p chisarudzo
1080p inomirira mapelica mazana mapfumbamwe anokwira kumhepo, uye 1,080 pixels inotangira kubva kumusoro kusvikira pasi, Zuva rimwe nerimwe rakakoshesa repikisi rinoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mapeekisi ose 2,073 600 anowanikwa mune chimwe chiito. Izvi zvakafanana nekuti 720p inoratidzirwa sei asi ine nhamba yakawanda yepiksekisi pasi nepamusoro pechiso, uye kunyange chigadziro chacho chakafanana ne1080i, kwete mapiksesi ose anoratidzwa panguva imwe chete .
HDTV vs EDTV
Kunyangwe iwe ungave uri kuisa mufananidzo wechisarudzo chaiyo muHTV yako, TV yako inogona kunge isingakwanisi kubereka mashoko ose. Muchiitiko ichi, chiratidzo chacho chinowanzocherwa (chakaiswa) kuti chienderane nenhamba uye nekukura kwepikisiki pachikwangwani chemuviri.
Semuenzaniso, chifananidzo chine chisarudzo che 1920x1080 pixels chinogona kuenzaniswa kuti chikwanise 1366x768, 1280x720, 1024x768, 852x480, kana imwe imwe nzvimbo inowanika pixel pamusana pekutengesa kweTV. Kurasikirwa kwakakwana kwemashoko chaiwo anowanikwa nemuoni kunobva pane zvinhu zvakadai sekuyera kwechiso uye kuona nzvimbo kubva pachikona.
Kana uchitenga TV, hazvisizvo zvakakosha kuti uone kuti unogona kuisa 480p, 720p, 1080i, kana mamwe mazano ekugadzirisa iwe unogona kuwana, asi unofanirawo kufunga nzvimbo yepikisi yeTV (uye kana upconversion / downconversion inoshandiswa).
Kuti uende mune mamwe mashoko, TV inofanira kuderedza izwi reHDTV (sa 720p, 1080i, kana 1080p) kune imwe pixel munda we 852x480 (480p) somuenzaniso, inonzi EDTV uye kwete HDTVs. EDTV inomirira Enhanced Definition Television.
Kugadziriswa Kunodikanwa Kwechokwadi HD Image Display
Kana TV ichiratidza kugadziriswa kwechizvarwa chinenge 720p, inokodzera seHDTV. Wakawanda LCD uye Plasma TV dziri kushandiswa, somuenzaniso, dzine chigadziro chekuratidza kuratidza 1080p (Full HD) . Saka, paunotarisana nechinai / p, 720p, kana kuti 1080i majekiti ekupinza, TV inotambanudza chiratidzo chacho kusvika 1080p kuti iratidze pahwindo.
Upscaling uye DVD
Kunyange zvazvo DVD yakazara isiri yakagadzirisa mafaira, vazhinji vari kuDVD vanogona kukwanisa kubudisa vhidhiyo mu 720p, 1080i, kana 1080p kuburikidza neupscaling . Izvi zvinobvumira vhidhiyo yeDVD player kubudiswa zvakanyanya kufanana nehutano hweHDTV, ine zvakawanda zvakaonekwa mufananidzo wemifananidzo. Zvisinei, ramba uchifunga kuti mugumisiro wekupscaling hausi wakafanana newakaberekerwa 720p, 1080i, kana kuti 1080p sarudzo, iyo chiyero chemasvomhu.
Vhidhiyo upscaling inoshanda zvakanyanya pane yakagadzirika pixel zviratidzo, zvakadai seLCD kana Plasma setsu, upscaling inogona kuunza mifananidzo yakaoma pamutsara-scanned based CRT uye CRT-based Projection sets.
Kupfuura 1080p
Kusvikira muna 2012 mavhidhiyo evhidhiyo 1080p aive akakwirira kuwanika pakushandiswa muTV, uye achiri kupa unhu hwakanakisisa kune vakawanda vanoona TV. Kunyange zvakadaro, nechishuvo chekuwedzera kwekanda mashizha, 4K Resolution (3480 x 2160 pixels kana 2160p) yakatangwa kuti ibudise mufananidzo wakajeka zvakanyatsorongedzwa, kunyanya pamwe chete nemamwe magetsi, kufanana neHDR kujekesa kwekuwedzera uye WCG (wide color gamut ). Uyezve, sezvo upscaling inoshandiswa kuwedzera tsanangudzo inooneka yepamusoro ekugadzirisa zvinhu paHDTVs, 4K Ultra HD TV inogona kusimudzira zviratidzo zvemashoko kuitira kuti itaridzike zviri nani pachikwangwani chacho.
Zvakanyorwa 4K zviripo zvino kubva kuDVD HD Blu-ray Disc uye sarudza masangano ekuparadzira, akadai seNetflix , Vudu , uye Amazon.
Zvechokwadi, sezvo mamiriyoni evatengi vari kushandiswa ku 4K Ultra HD TV, 8K Resolution (7840 x 4320 pixels - 4320p) iri munzira.
Resolution vs Screen Size
Chinhu chimwe chinofanira kufunga nezvazvo ndechekuti digital neHD flat flat-panel iyo nhamba yepiksesi yehutano husarudzo haisi kuchinja sezvo svondo rekushandura shanduko. Nemamwe mazwi, TV 32-inch 1080p ine nhamba yakafanana yepiksesi pachikona se 55-inch 1080p TV. Kune nguva dzose maikisikiti 1,920 ari kumhanya pahwindo pari pfupi, pamutsara, uye 1,080 pixels achikwira uye pasi pasi pehwindo vertically, pamutsetse. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mapikisi pasi pe1080p 55-inch TV ichave yakakura kudarika mapikiseti pamusikana we-32-inch 1080p TV kuitira kuti izere zera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sezvo svondo rekushandura shanduko, nhamba yemapiksesi ne inch inoshanduka.
The Bottom Line
Kana iwe uchiri kukanganiswa zvishoma pamusoro pekugadzirisa mavhidhiyo, iwe hausi woga. Yeuka, kuronga kwevhidhiyo kunogona kutaurwa mumiganhu kana mapikiseli uye nhamba yemiganhu kana mapikisikseti anogadzirisa kusarudzwa kwemhepo kana TV. Zvisinei, usatorawo zvakabatwa mune zvese zvekugadzirisa mavhidhiyo. Tarisa pazviri nenzira iyi, VHS inotarisa zvikuru paTV 13-inch, asi "chika" pane guru guru.
Mukuwedzera, chigadziro hachisi chinhu chimwe chete chinoita kuti tive nomufananidzo wakanaka weTV. Zvimwe zvinowedzera, zvakadai semuvara wakarurama uye kuti tinoona sei ruvara , chiyero chepikicha, chiedza, maonero ekutarira marefu, kana mifananidzo inopindirana kana kufambira mberi, uye kunyange nzvimbo yekuvhenekera zvose zvinoita kuti uwane mufananidzo wauri kuona pachikona.
Iwe unogona kuva nemufananidzo wakajeka, asi kana zvimwe zviitiko zvakataurwa zvisingashandisirwi zvakanaka, une TV yakabatana. Kunyangwe neukombiyuta, zvakadai se upscaling, iyo yakanakisisa yeTV haigoni kuita kuti pfuma inopinza maitiro ione zvakanaka. Zvechokwadi, inowanzobudiswa TV uye mavhidhiyo analogo (pamwe nekusarudzo kwavo kwakadzika) dzimwe nguva inotarisa yakaipisisa pane HDTV kupfuura iyo inoita pane yakanaka, yakaenzana, yakagadzirwa analogog.