Nhanganyaya
Iyo Linux grep command inoshandiswa senzira yekutsvaga mazano.
GURU rinomiririra Global Regular Expression Printer uye saka kuitira kuti uishandise zvinobudirira, unofanirwa kuva neruzivo pamusoro pemashoko ekugara.
Muchikamu chino, ndiri kuenda kuzokuratidza mienzaniso yakawanda iyo ichakubatsira iwe kunzwisisa mutemo we grep.
01 ye 09
Nzira Yokutsvaga Mutsara Mu A File Using GREP
Chimbofungidzira iwe une faira refaira rinonzi mabhuku ane mabhuku evana anotevera:
- Robin Hood
- Little Red Riding Hood
- Peter Pan
- Goldilocks And The Three Bears
- Snow White uye Vanomwe Vanowanikwa
- Pinnochio
- The Cat In The Hat
- The Three Little Pigs
- The Gruffalo
- Charlie And The Chocolate Factory
Kuti uwane mabhuku ose neshoko rokuti "The" mumusoro unogona kushandisa syntax inotevera:
Gadzira mabhuku
Mitsara inotevera ichadzorerwa:
- Goldilocks And The Three Bears
- Snow White uye Vanomwe Vanowanikwa
- The Cat In The Hat
- The Three Little Pigs
- The Gruffalo
- Charlie And The Chocolate Factory
Muchiitiko chimwe nechimwe, shoko rokuti "The" richaiswa pachena.
Cherechedza kuti kutsvakurudza ndekwemhosva yekare kana imwe yezvinyorwa iine "ye" panzvimbo ye "The" saka ingadai isina kudzorerwa.
Kuregeredza nyaya yacho unogona kuwedzera shanduro inotevera:
gadzira mabhuku --ignore-case
Iwe unogona zvakare kushandisa--i shandura sezvinotevera:
gara -i mabhuku
02 of 09
Tsvaga Mutsara Mu A File Using Wildcards
Murairo wehairi unesimba kwazvo. Iwe unogona kushandisa huwandu hwemhando yekufananidza inyanzvi yekutsvaga mhinduro.
Mumuenzaniso uyu, ini ndichakuratidza kuti ungatsva sei tambo mune faira uchishandisa wildcards .
Fungidzira iwe une faira inonzi nzvimbo uye mazita anotevera eScotland:
aberdeen
aberystwyth
aberlour
inverurie
inverness
newburgh
nondo itsva
new galloway
glasgow
edinburgh
Kana iwe uchida kutsvaga nzvimbo dzose ne inver muzita shandisa syntax inotevera:
grep inver * nzvimbo
The asterisk (*) wildcard inomirira 0 kana akawanda. Saka kana iwe une nzvimbo inonzi inver kana nzvimbo inonzi inverness ipapo zvose zvingadzorerwa.
Chimwe chikwangwani chaunogona kushandisa ndicho nguva (.). Unogona kushandisa izvi kufananidza tsamba imwechete.
grep inver.r nzvimbo
Murairo wepamusoro unogona kuwana nzvimbo dzinonzi inverurie uye inverary asi hazviwanikidzi kuburitswa nokuti kune imwe chete yemasikari pakati pezvimwe zvemakumi maviri nematanhatu zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe chete.
Nguva iyo wildcard inobatsira asi inogona kukonzera matambudziko kana iwe uine imwe sechikamu chemashoko ari kutsvaga.
Somuenzaniso tarisai pane urongwa hwemazita emadunhu
- linux.about.com
- pcsupport.about.com
- mp3.about.com
- minecraft.about.com
- androidgames.about.com
- netforbeginners.about.com
- dailydaylinuxuser.com
- google.co.uk
- google.au
- direct.gov.uk
Kuti uwane zvose zve.com.com unogona kungotsvaga kushandisa shanduro inotevera:
grep * about * domainnames
Murairo wepamusoro unogona kuwira pasi kana urongwa hwaiva nemazita anotevera mauri:
- dailydaylinuxuser.com/about.html
Iwe unogona, saka, edza shanduro inotevera:
grep * about.com domainnames
Izvi zvingashanda zvakanaka kunze kwekunge kune nzvimbo yakange ine zita rinotevera:
aboutycom.com
Kunyatso kutsvaga izwi pamusoro.com iwe unoda kupukunyuka dope sezvinotevera:
shingaira zve \ .com domainnames
Chikwangwani chokupedzisira chokukuratidza iwe mubvunzo wemubvunzo unomiririra zero kana mumwe munhu.
Semuyenzaniso:
Mutta meillä on 5 kuvaa haulla
Murairo wepamusoro unogona kudzoka aberdeen, aberystwyth kana kunyange berwick.
03 of 09
Tsvaga Zvisungo Pakuvamba Uye Pakupedzisira Kwebhanhire Uchishandisa girasi
Iyo carat (^) uye idhora ($) chiratidzo chinokubvumira kuti utsvake mapepa pakutanga nekuguma kwemitsara.
Fungidzira iwe une faira inonzi ibhola nemazita emazita anotevera:
- Blackpool
- Liverpool
- Manchester City
- Leicester City
- Manchester United
- Newcastle United
- FC United Of Manchester
Kana iwe uchida kuwana mapoka ose akatanga neManchester iwe uchishandisa shanduro inotevera:
kora ^ maManchester maqembu
Mutemo wepamusoro unogona kudzokera kuManchester City uye kuMan United asi kwete FC United Of Manchester.
Zvimwe unogona kuwana mapoka ose anoguma neUn achishandisa syntax inotevera:
Grep United $ timu
Mutemo wepamusoro unogona kudzoka kuManchester United neNewcastle United asi kwete FC United Of Manchester.
04 of 09
Kuverenga Nhamba Yezvibatanidza Kushandisa girasi
Kana iwe usingadi kudzorera mitsetse chaiyo inofanidza purogiramu uchishandisa girasi asi unongoda kuziva kuti mangani pane iwe unogona kushandisa syntax inotevera:
grep -c pattern inputfile
Kana iyo yakaenzaniswa kaviri ipapo nhamba 2 ingadzorerwa.
05 of 09
Kuwana Zvose Zvinorehwa Hazvifananidzi kushandisa girasi
Fungidzira iwe une runyora rwemazita ekugara pamwe nenyika dzakarongwa sezvinotevera:
- aberdeen scotland
- glasgow scotland
- liverpool england
- colwyn bay
- london england
Iwe unogona kunge wakacherechedza kuti colwyn bay haina nyika inobatanidzwa nayo.
Kuti utsvake nzvimbo dzose nenyika unogona kushandisa syntax inotevera:
Grep land $ nzvimbo
Zvigumisiro zvinodzoka zvinenge zviri nzvimbo dzose kunze kwecolwyn bay.
Izvi zviri pachena chete zvinoshanda kune nzvimbo dzinopera munyika (zvisingaiti nesayenzi).
Unogona kuvhara chisarudzo uchishandisa syntax inotevera:
Goro-nyika inoshandiswa nzvimbo
Izvi zvingawana nzvimbo dzose dzisingagumi nemunyika.
06 of 09
Nzira Yokuwana Nayo Zvisina Mwero Mifananidzo Mufaira
Fungidzira iwe une faira yekushandisa iyo inoshandiswa nevechitatu yekushanda iyo inorega kuverenga iyo faira apo inowana mutsara usina chinhu sezvinotevera:
- aberdeen scotland
- inverness scotland
- liverpool england
- colwyn bay wales
Apo basa racho rinosvika kumutsara mushure mekuchengetedza liverpool icharega kuverenga chinoreva colwyn bay inorasikirwa zvachose.
Iwe unogona kushandisa girasi kutsvaga mitsetse isina ruvara neshoko rinotevera:
Gara ^ $ nzvimbo
Zvinosuruvarisa izvi hazvibatsiri zvikuru nokuti zvinongodzorera mitsara isina chinhu.
Iwe unogona kubva kuverenga nhamba yemiganhu isina chinhu se cheketi kuti uone kana faira iri yakakodzera seyiyo:
gara-c ^ $ nzvimbo
Izvo zvingava zvakadaro zvakakosha kuziva nhamba dzembiru dzine ruvara rusina chinhu kuitira kuti iwe ugone kuzvitsiva. Iwe unogona kuita izvozvo nemurairo unotevera:
gara-n ^ $ nzvimbo
07 of 09
Nzira Yokutsvaga Nesimba Rokukurumidza Kukurukudzika Nhamba dzeChechi Kubata girasi
Uchishandisa girasi unogona kuona mitsetse ipi mufaira ine mavara akakura anoshandisa shanduro inotevera:
grep '[AZ]' filename
Makona mabheji [] regai musarudze mararamiro evanhu. Mumuenzaniso wepamusoro unobatana chero hupi huri pakati peA neZ.
Nokudaro kuti uenzane nevatsiki vemaodzanyemba unogona kushandisa syntax inotevera:
grep '[az]' filename
Kana iwe uchida kufanana chete netsamba uye kwete zvinyorwa kana zvimwe zviratidzo unogona kushandisa syntax inotevera:
grep '[a-zA-Z]' filename
Iwe unogona kuita zvakafanana nenhamba sezvinotevera:
grep '[0-9]' filename
08 of 09
Kutarisa Kudzokorora Maitiro Kushandisa girasi
Iwe unogona kushandisa mabheji akavhara {} kutsvaga purogiramu inodzokorora.
Fungidzira iwe une faira ine nhamba dzefoni sezvinotevera:
- 055-1234
- 055-4567
- 555-1545
- 444-0167
- 444-0854
- 4549-2234
- x44-1234
Iwe unoziva chikamu chekutanga che nhamba chinoda kuva nhamba nhatu uye iwe unoda kuwana mitsara isingafananidzi iyi muenzaniso.
Kubva pamuenzaniso wapfuura unoziva kuti [0-9] inodzorera nhamba dzose mufaira.
Muchiitiko ichi tinoda mitsara inotanga nhamba nhatu dzinotevera nehana (-). Iwe unogona kuita izvozvo neshoko rinotevera:
grep "^ [0-9] [0-9] [0-9] -" nhamba
Sezvatinoziva kubva mumienzaniso yapfuura, carat (^) inoreva kuti mutsara unotanga nemuenzaniso unotevera.
I [0-9] ichatsvaga nhamba ipi neipi pakati pe 0 ne 9. Sezvo izvi zvinowanikwa katatu zvinowirirana nhamba 3. Pakupedzisira kune mhedziso yekureva kuti kutengesa kunofanira kubudirira nhamba nhatu.
Nokushandisa mabheji akavharidzirwa unogona kuita kuti kutsvaga kuduku sezvinotevera:
grep "^ [0-9] \ {3 \} -" nhamba
Ichocho chinopukunyuka kubva pamabhandi kuitira kuti chikashande sechikamu chekutaura nguva dzose asi chaizvoizvo izvo zvinoreva izvi [0-9] {3} zvinoreva nhamba ipi neipi pakati pe 0 ne9 katatu.
Mabheji akavharidzirwa anogonawo kushandiswa seizvi:
{5,10}
{5,}
Izwi rokuti "5.10" rinoreva kuti unhu hunotsvaga hunofanira kudzokororwa kanomwe kaviri asi kwete kupfuura 10 asi iyo {5,} inoreva kuti chimiro chinofanira kudzokororwa kanomwe kaviri asi chinogona kunge chinopfuura izvo.
09 of 09
Kushandisa Ikubudiswa Kwimwe Mitemo Uchishandisa girasi
Kusvika ikozvino takatarisa maitiro akafananidza mukati memafuta asi munhu akashandisa anogona kushandisa zvakabva kune dzimwe mirairo sechipo chekufananidza zvakafanana.
Muenzaniso mukuru weizvi uri kushandisa pirairo yep ps inonyora kushanda kwekuita.
Somuenzaniso shandisa murayiro unotevera:
ps -ef
Zvose zvekugadzirisa zvirongwa zvepurogiramu yako zvicharatidzwa.
Iwe unogona kushandisa girasi kutsvaga imwe nzira yekushandura sezvinotevera:
ps -ef | grep firefox