Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) inonzi protocol network yeInternet Protocol (IP) networking. ICMP inotumira ruzivo rwekutonga kwehuwandu hwehutano pachako pane pane yekushandisa deta. An IP network inoda ICMP kuitira kuti iite zvakanaka.
Izwi reImpMP nderimwe rudzi rwePI shoko rakasiyana neTCP uye UDP .
Muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa wekutumira maI ICMP mukuita ndeye ping utility, iyo inoshandisa ICMP kuti iongorore vanhu vari kure kurega kutarisa uye kuenzanisa nguva yakareba-yekufamba-nguva nguva yemashoko ekuongorora.
ICMP inotsigirawo zvimwe zvibvumirano zvakadai se traceroute iyo inotarisa pakati pekugadzirisa zvigadzirwa ("hops") munzira iyo iripo kubva kune imwe nzvimbo uye nzvimbo.
ICMP Versus ICMPv6
Tsanangudzo yepakutanga yeI ICMP yakatsigira mitambo yeInternet version 4 (IPv4). IPv6 inosanganisira revised form ye protocol inonzi ICMPv6 kuti iparadzanise kubva kune yekutanga ICMP (dzimwe nguva inonzi ICMPv4).
ICMP Message Types uye Form Message
Izwi reImpmP rinotakura dambudziko rinokosha pakushanda uye kutungamirirwa kwekombiyuta. Iyo protocol inoshuma pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu akadai seasingaoneki maitiro, zvikanganiso zvekutapurirana, uye mitambo inokonzera kusangana.
Kufanana nedzimwe nhepfenyuro mumhuri ye IP, ICMP inotsanangura mutsara wemashoko. Musoro wacho une mimwe minda mune zvinotevera:
- Tora (8 bits )
- Code (8 bits)
- Checksum (16 bits)
- ICMP Data (32 bits)
ICMP inotsanangura urongwa hwehuwandu hwemashoko ehupenyu uye inopa nhamba yakasiyana kune imwe neimwe.
Sezvinoratidzwa mune tafura iri pasi apa, ICMPv4 neImpmvv6 inopa mamwe maitiro emamwe maitiro (asi kazhinji ane nhamba dzakasiyana) uyewo mamwe mashoko akasiyana kune mumwe nomumwe. (Izwi rinowanzozivikanwa rinogonawo kuchinja zvishoma pane zvavanoita pakati peI IP versions).
| v4 # | v6 # | Tora | Tsanangudzo |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 129 | Echo Reply | Mharidzo yakatumirwa mukupindura kune Chikumbiro cheEcho (ona pasi apa) |
| 3 | 1 | Kunzvimbo Isingaoneki | Kutumwa mukupindurwa kwePI mharidzo kusingakwanisi kushandiswa kune zvikonzero zvipi zvakasiyana-siyana. |
| 4 | - | Tora Kuchenesa | Chigadziri chinogona kutumira shoko iri kumutumisi ari kuunza inopinda motokari nokukurumidza kukunda kupfuura iyo inogona kushandiswa. (Yakasimudzwa nedzimwe nzira.) |
| 5 | 137 | Dzorera Mharidzo | Kuendesa zvigadzirwa kunogona kuunza iyi nzira kana vakaona kuchinja mumugwagwa wakakumbirwa wep IP inofanira kuchinjwa. |
| 8 | 128 | Echo Chikumbiro | Mharidzo inotumirwa neping utilities kuti iongorore kusateerera kwechigadziriswa chinowanikwa |
| 11 | 3 | Nguva Yakawedzerwa | Routers akabudisa iyo mharidzo apo iyo inosvika data yakasvika kune "hop" count limit. Used by traceroute. |
| 12 | - | Parameter Problem | Inoshandiswa kana chipikisi chichiona kuti chakaipa kana kuti chinoshaya dambudziko mumutauro wePI usingawani. |
| 13, 14 | - | Timestamp (Chikumbiro, Pindura) | Yakagadzirirwa kuenzanisa nguva yamaawa pakati pemapurani maviri ne IPv4, (Yakasimudzwa nedzimwe nzira dzakavimbika.) |
| - | 2 | Packet Too Big | Vanotora mavara vanobudisa iyi mharidzo pavanogamuchira mharidzo isingagoni kutumirwa kunzvimbo yayo nemhaka yekudarika kureba kwemarefu. |
Iyo protocol inozadza Code uye ICMP data minda zvichienderana nemutauro Mutauro wakasarudzwa kuti ugoverane mamwe mashoko. Semuenzaniso, shoko rekuenda risina kuwanikwa rinogona kuva nemitemo yakasiyana yeCode zvichienderana nemhando yekukundikana.