Nhaurirano pamusoro pemutambo wekutanga wevhidhiyo inowanzotaurirana seveTyly Higinbotham's Tennis for Two (1958), Spacewar! (1961) kana Pong (1972), asi mifananidzo yekombiyuta yemakombiyuta OXO (aka Noughts neMuchinjikwa ) yakatarisa vose. Sei OXO inowanzokanganwa? Nokuti apo yakatanga kusikwa makore 57 akapfuura, yakaratidzwa chete kuvashandi nevadzidzi veCambridge University.
The Basics:
- Gore: 1952
- Yakagadzirwa uye yakarongwa naAlexander Sandy Douglas
- Dhipatimendi: Kuvhara kweElectronika Kuchengetedza Kuchengetedza Kushandura ( EDSAC ).
- Nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare: Yekutanga maikiramu akachengetedzwa nemakombiyuta nemavhidhiyo game.
The History:
Muna 1952, Yunivhesiti yeCambridge mudzidzi Alexander Sandy Douglas akanga achishanda kuti awane purogiramu yake. Pfungwa yake yakataura pamusoro pehutano hwevanhu-uye aida muenzaniso kuratidza maonero ake. Panguva iyoyo Cambridge yakanga iri pamba pakombiyuta yekutanga yekuchengetedzwa, yeElectronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC) . Izvi zvakapa Douglas mukana wakakwana wekuratidza zvaakawana kuburikidza nekugadzirisa purogiramu yekombiyamu iri nyore apo mutambi anogona kukwikwidzana nekombiyuta.
Purogiramu chaiye yemutambo yakabviswa paPunched Tape (aka Input Tape), chidimbu chemapepa ane mahombe akawanda akatinhwa mairi. Kuiswa uye nhamba yemakomba kunogona kuverengwa semutsetse ne EDSAC , uye yakashandurwa ku-coded ray ray-ray ray readout display semuviri wekubatana.
Purojekiti yaDouglas yakanga iri kubudirira uye yakava iyo yekutanga yepikicha yemavhidhiyo uye mifananidzo yemashini yemakombiyuta, asi yakanga iriwo yekutanga (kunyange zvazvo yekare) kushandiswa kwezvokwadi yekuchenjera kwepfungwa. Iyo kombiyuta inofamba mukutaridzirwa kune mutambi wekufamba haisati yakarongeka kana yakagara yakatemwa asi yakanyatsogadziridzwa pauchenjeri yemakombiyuta. OXO inowanzoregererwa nokuda kwezvakaitwa muuchenjeri hwekuvaka sezvakaitwa kuongorora AI haina kuva yesainzi yakagadzirwa kusvika muna 1958 apo musayendisiti John McCarthy akagadzira izwi racho.
Mutambo:
OXO ihurukuro yemagetsi yeTic-Tac-Toe (inonzi Noughts uye Crosses muUnited States). Kufanana nemutambo wekugadzirwa kwekombiyuta, Cathode-Ray Tube Chikwata Chekugadzirira (1947), OXO's graphics yakaratidzwa paCathode-Ray Tube yakabatana nekombiyuta yeEEDSAC . Mifananidzo yacho yakave nematombo makuru aive nemapapiro emuchinjikwa uyewo "O" uye "X" mutambi wemifananidzo.
Mutambo wacho wakabata muchengeti pakombiyuta nemutambi se "X" uye EDSAC se "O". Kufamba kwakaitwa nomutambi wacho achisarudza nzvimbo ipi neipi kuti aite ne "X" nekudhinda nhamba yaro yakaenzana kuburikidza neDSAC yerunhare rwefoni. Ikofoni inoshandiswa yakashandiswa sebhobhoyo kuti inyore nhamba uye kutungamirirwa mumakombiyuta.
Trivia:
- Alexander Alexander Douglas 'mutsva waiva kubudirira, achimuwana PHD yake uye achitanga basa rake mune sayenzi, zvisinei, haazogadzirizve rimwe vhidhiyo kana mutambo wemakombiyuta.
- Kunyange zvazvo OXO yaiva iyo yekutanga yevhidhiyo / komutambo wekombiyuta, yakange yakanyanyisa kuregererwa panguva iyoyo. Paiva nekombiyuta imwe chete yeEEDSAC iripo, iyo yakagara paYunivhesiti yeCambridge uye haina kumboita kuti vanhu vasvike.
- Ikopa yeOXO yakachengetwa se tech demo yehutano hwe EDSAC .