A Tarisa Maitiro Akasiyana-siyana eRadio Broadcasting
Rhepfenyuro yeRadio isunidirectional wireless transmission pamusoro pemafungu eredhiyo anotarisirwa kusvika kuvanhu vakawanda. Kushambadzira kunosanganisira mitambo yakawanda inotumira zvinhu kana deta. Nokuda kwekuiswa kwemichina itsva, nzira yeredhiyo inotsanangurwa ichishandura zvimwe.
Nielsen Audio, yaimbozivikanwa seArbitron, kambani yeUnited States iyo inoshuma kune vateereri vhepfenyuro, inotsanangura "dhiyosiyo" sehurumende yakabvumirwa hurumende ye AM kana FM; HD Radio station; kubudiswa kwetaneti kwechiteshi chekare chehurumende; imwe yemasitereti edhiyodhiyo kubva kuXM Satellite Radio kana Sirius Satellite Radio; kana, zvichida, chigaro chisingazi hurumende inobvumirwa.
Traditional Radio Broadcasting
Nhepfenyuro yemasasa eredhiyo inosanganisira AM uye FM. Kune zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinoshandiswa mune zvekutengeserana, zvisiri zvekutengeserana, mararamiro ehurumende nehupfumi uye pamwe nharaunda yeredhiyo uye yevadzidzi-inotambira chikoro chemakirasi emavhidhiyo munyika yose.
Nzira yekutanga yeredhiyo, iyo yainzi thermionic valve, yakaumbwa muna 1904 neFrench physicist John Ambrose Fleming. Kutanga kwekutanga kunonzi kwakamboitika muna 1909 naCharles Herrold muCalifornia. Chigaro chake gare gare chakava KCBS, ichiripo nanhasi se-all AM news station kunze kweSan Francisco.
AM Radio
AM, iyo yepakutanga yemavhidhiyo, inozivikanwawo sekukura kwema modulation. Inotsanangurwa seyakakura yemhepo inotakura iyo yakasiyana maererano nezvimwe zvinoratidza chiratidzo chekugadzirisa. Bhidhiyo-wave band rinoshandiswa munyika yose ye AM kuparidzira.
AM masangano anowanika kuNorth American airwaves mumutambo we 525 kusvika 1705 kHz, unozivikanwawo se "standard broadcast band." Bhenzi rakasimbiswa muma1990 nekuwedzera mapfumbamwe kubva muna 1605 kusvika 1705 kHz. chiratidzo ndechokuti inogona kuonekwa uye inoshandiswa kuva mheremhere nemichina yakadzika.
Ikusavhiringidzwa kweAA redhiyo chiratidzo chinopesana nekupindira kwemheni, magetsi emagetsi nezvimwe zvinopesana nemagetsi semirairo yezuva. Simba renharaunda dzenharaunda iyo inowanzonyorera inofanira kuderedzwa usiku kana kuti kurongedzwa kwepamusoro kuitira kuti usapindira. Usiku, AM zviratidzo zvinogona kuenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo dziri kure, asi, panguva iyoyo kupera kwechiratidzo kunogona kunge kwakanyanya.
FM Radio
FM, inozivikanwawo seanowanzoitwa modulation, yakagadzirwa naEdmwin Howard Armstrong muna 1933 kuti akunde dambudziko rekusavhiringidzwa kweredhiyo-frequency, izvo zvakashungurudza AM redio. Kakawandisa kwemafunguro emagetsi kwaive nzira yekufambisa dheta pane imwe shanduko-yemazuva ino kuburikidza nekusiyana kwemazuva ehuwandu emhepo. FM inowanikwa paVHF airwaves mumutambo wenhambare 88 kusvika 108 MHz.
Basa rekutanga reMedhiyo reMudhi muUnited States raiva Yankee Network, iri muNew England. Nguva dzose FM inoparidzirwa yakatanga muna 1939 asi haina kutyisa zvakanyanya kumashamba ekuparidzira AM. Yakatoda kutenga mumwe munhu anogamuchira.
Sokutengeserana, yakaramba ichishandiswa-inoshandiswa mutinhimi wepamuviri 'kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma1960. Izvo zvakanyanya kubudirira AM zviteshi zvakagamuchira mabhizimisi eM FM uye inowanzoparidzira zvirongwa zvakafanana pachiteshi cheMFM sepamusangano we AM, unozivikanwawo se simulcasting.
Federal Federal Commission inoshandisa tsika iyi muma1960. Pakazosvika makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe, sezvo zvese madhidhiyo matsva akabatanidzwa ma AM and FM tuner, FM yakava yeruzhinji, kunyanya mumaguta.
Newer Radio Technology
Iko kwakave nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvemasheni eredhiyo achishandiswa mutsva inoterevhizheni yakave yakakonzerwa kubva mugore ra2000, satellite radio, HD redio uye internet radio.
Satellite Radio
SIRIUS XM Satellite Satellite, kubatanidzwa kwekambani dzemabhizimisi maviri ekutanga eEndaneti, dzinopa mapurogiramu kune mamiriyoni evateereri vanobhadhara makadhi eredhiyo chaiwo pamwe nekubhadharwa kwemwedzi pamwedzi.
Shanduro yekutanga yeAmerican satellite satellite yaiva ye XM munaSeptember 2001.
Programming inotendwa kubva pasi kuenda kune satellite, ndokudzoserwa zvakare pasi pano. Antennas anokosha anogamuchira ruzivo rwechidimbu kana zvakananga kubva pane satellite kana kuti kubva kune zviteshi zvekudzokorora zvinogutsa zvipembenene.
HD Radio
Uterevhizheni hweHRH redhiyo inotumira digital audio uye data pamwe chete nezviratidzo zviripo zve AM uye FM. Kubva munaJune 2008, zvinopfuura 1 700 HD nhepfenyuro dzepaRW radio dzakanga dzichiparidzira 2 432 HD chiteshi chenhepfenyuro.
Maererano neAichiquity, muvandidzi we teknolojia, redhiyo yeHD inoita "... AM yako inonzwika se FM ne FM inotinhira seCD."
The Ibiquity Digital Corporation, inyanzvi yeAmerica yemakambani akazvimirira, inotaura kuti HD redhiyo inopa FM yakawanda, iyo inokwanisa kukwira zvirongwa zvakawanda zvepurogiramu pane imwe FM inowanzova isina mhedziso, yakajeka.
Internet Radio
Inhare yepaIndaneti, inozivikanwawo seyakashambadzirwa kubudiswa kana kuparidzirwa kweredhiyo, inonzwa semavhidhiyo uye inonzwika seredhiyo asi haisi chaiyo redhiyo nerudziro. Inhare yepaIndaneti inopa kunyengedzwa kweredhiyo kuburikidza nekuparadzanisa audio mumapoka maduku ehuwandu hwemagetsi, ndokuzotumira kune imwe nzvimbo, semakombiyuta kana smartphone, uyezve kuenzanisa mapaketi mumuganhu mumwe chete unoteerera.
Podcasts ndiyo muenzaniso wakanaka wekuti internet inoshandisa sei. Podcasts, mifananidzo kana kusanganiswa kwemashoko iPod uye kuparidzirwa, inongororongedzana ehurukuro dzefaira dzemasikirwo emutauro iyo user angagadzirisa kuitira kuti zvikamu zvitsva zvitsvakurwe zviri nyore kuburikidza nehutano hwehutano kumushandisi wekombiyuta wepakombiyuta kana mudhijidhi yemavhidhiyo.