Unix haisi imwe chete yehutachiona. Inopa zvakawanda zvemazuva ano "mavhenekeri" -zvirevo zvakasiyana-siyana, maitiro, kugoverwa kana kushandiswa-branching kubva kwaro kutanga kwema 1970s mainframe computing. Kunyange zvazvo yakavakirwa pachigadziro chema Unix mirairo, kuparadzaniswa kwakasiyana kune mazano avo akasiyana-siyana uye zvinoshandiswa uye zvakagadzirirwa kushanda nemhando dzakasiyana dzehurdware.
Hapana anoziva chaizvo kuti ingani yakawanda yeUnix inovepo, asi yakachengeteka kutaura kuti kana ikasanganisira yese iyo yakavharidzirwa uye isingashandisi, nhamba yeUnix flavour inowanikwa mumazana. Iwe unogona kazhinji kutaura kuti chirongwa chekushanda chiri mumhuri ye Unix kana ine zita rinosanganiswa netsamba U, I, uye X.
Mapazi Makuru e Unix
Contemporary Unix zvinoshandiswa zvinopesana pasinei nokuti iine nzvimbo yakasununguka (kureva, yakasununguka kutora, kushandiswa kana kushandura) kana kuti yakavharwa (zvichireva, zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvisingabvumirwi nekushandurwa kwevashandisi).
- Minix -a Unix-yakavhurwa purojekiti, iyo inowanzoshandiswa nevashandi vekumba
- Linux -iyo yakazaruka-chinangwa chekuunza nzvimbo ye Unix-yakafanana kune zvose desktop uye server nzvimbo; Linux inowanikwa nevanoda makombiyuta epamba
- Mac OS X -Inzvimbo yebasa rekushanda system
- IB BSD s (FreeBSD, DragonflyBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD) -basa-kubva kune yekutanga ye Unix specs, kutevera mazano eBerkeley Software Distribution
- AIX -a series ye Unix-based maitiro akashanda akagadzirwa neBM nekuda kwemaseva ayo
- Solaris -a inyanzvi yehutachiona yehutachiona, yakabva ku Unix, yakagadzirwa neSun Microsystems
- OpenSolaris -anoshandiswa pakutsvaga kwakabva Solaris
- HP-UX -mhando yezvinhu zvakasikwa zve Unix-based yakagadzirwa neHC nokuda kwemaseva ayo
Common Consumer Distributions
Mumakore ose aya, zvakasiyana-siyana zveLinux dzakashamwaridzana zvakanyanya kufanana, asi dzinoverengeka dzinozviratidza sezviri pakati pezvinowanzoshandiswa pamakombiyuta emakombiyuta. sezvakataurwa neWarroWatch, nzvimbo yakareba-inoshandiswa iyo inotarisa Linux kugoverwa nhau. Zvimwe zvezvinowanikwa zvakaparidzirwa mu 2017 zvinosanganisira:
- Mint -a version ye Ubuntu nedzimwe shandisi dzevashandisi uye zviduku zvishoma
- Debian-iyi inoshandisa zvikwereti se "universal operating system" uye inofarira chikamu chikuru chemukaka uye nheyo yakasimba yezvidzidzo
- Manjaro - yakabatanidzwa paArch Linux project, Manjaro inotsigira zvakanyanya kukwanisa
- Ubuntu -a muchengeti anokosha mumusika weLuxux, chinangwa chaBuntu ndechekupa kushandiswa nyore nyore kushandiswa kwakanyatsogadzirirwa uye kugoneka pasinei nemitauro uye zviremara zvekuremara
- Antergos- yakagadziriswa paArch Linux project, iri kugovera rinopa purogiramu yacho yekugadzira mitambo
- OpenSUSE -kushandiswa kwenguva refu kwechiGermany iyo inenge yeruzhinji rwekupararira kweSUSE Linux kwekutengeserana
- Fedora -musha wepurojekiti inobva kuRud Hat
- Solus -yakagadzirwa-kubva-scratch kugoverwa kubva kuIreland ine tsika yakasikwa yemamiriro ezvinhu anonzi "Budgie" iyo inofanidza neyekare GNOME 2 desktop
- Zorin -kugoverwa kunofanirwa kuenzanisa kutaridzika uye kunzwa kweWindows kubatsira vashandisi vatsva veLinux kutendeuka kubva kuMicrosoft operating system
- Elementary -based on Ubuntu, elementaryOS inoshandisa nzvimbo yakasikwa ye desktop inonzi Parthenon iyo yakafanana, mune dzimwe nzira, Mac OS
Kuparadzirwa kwekupararira kunoshanduka nokukurumidza. Muna 2002, zvikamu gumi zvepamusoro, zvakakosha, zvaive zveMitrake, Red Hat, Gentoo, Debian, Sercerer, SuSE, Slackware, Lycoris, Lindows uye Xandros. Makumi gumi nemaviri gare gare, Debian chete inoramba iri pane Top 10 list; iyo yepamusoro-soro, Slackware, yakanga yawa Nha. 33 Pamitambo yakakurumbira muna 2017, hapana kunze kweDebian yaivepo muna 2002.
Linux Distribution Facts
Achinetseka pamusoro pekushandiswa kweLuxux kupi? Kubva pane maonero e-desktop-user, musiyano mukuru pakati peLinux flavour inowira kune zvishoma zvasarudzo:
- Desktop environment- isina seMicrosoft Windows kana Mac OS X, Linux inotsigira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzepakombiyuta, imwe neimwe ine chikwangwani chakasiyana-cheka-ne-kunzwa. Mamiriro akasiyana-siyana anosanganisira Gnome (Cinnamon naMATE), KDE, Xfce uye Budgie.
- Package manager -Linux zvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa zvakananga mapurisa-mashandisi ekushandisa. Kusiyanisa kukuru kune pakati peRud Hat Package Manager mafaira kana Debian mafaira, ayo anozivikanwa ne RPM kana DEB file extension. Red Hat Linux inoshandisa RPMs, Ubuntu inoshandisa DEBs; kutendeuka pakati pezviviri isimboti yakakosha yemunhu.
- Mamiriro eFOSS -vamwe vashandi vanocherechedza zvakasimba pamusoro pehutano hwekupararira kwekupararira kune ma Free and Open-Source Software mazano.
Iwe unogona kunge uri neKinux yedare muchanza chechanza chako. Iyo Android inoshandiswa kwemamiriro emafoni uye mahwendefa inobva ku Linux uye inogona kuonekwa sechikwata chekuparadzirwa kwaLinux pachako pachako.