Iri bhuku rinotora mirairo gumi ye Linux yaunoda kuziva kuitira kuti ugone kufamba nepamusoro pefaira yako ye system uchishandisa terminal ye Linux.
Inopa mirairo kuti uone kuti ndewepi zvinyorwa iwe uripo, iyo inotungamirira iwe waimbove uripo, nzira yekufamba kune mamwe mafolda, nzira yekudzoka kumba, kuumba mafaira uye mahwendefa, sei kugadzira zvingano
01 yegumi
Ndeupi Folder Uri Uri
Kana ukazarura firati inotonhorera chinhu chekutanga chaunoda kuziva ndiko kwaunenge uri mufaira system.
Funga pamusoro peizvi se "iwe uri pano" chiratidzo chinowanikwa pamamapa mukati mezvitoro.
Kuti uwane kuti iwe uripi iwe uri mauri unogona kushandisa murairo unotevera:
pwd
Migumisiro inodzorerwa ne pwd inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekuti uri kushandisa shell version ye pwd kana iyo yakaiswa mune yako / usr / bin directory.
Kazhinji, ichanyora chimwe chinhu pamiganhu ye / imba / username .
Dzvanya pano kuti uwane mamwe mashoko pamusoro pomurayiro wepwd .
02 yegumi
Zvinyorwa uye Mafolisi Ari Pasi Pari Ino Directory
Iye zvino kuti iwe unoziva faira ipi uripo, unogona kuona mafaira uye mafaira ari pasi pechirangaridzo chazvino kuburikidza uchishandisa murairo we ls.
ls
Pamusoro payo, mutemo we ls uchanyorera mafaira ose nemafolisi ari mubhuku kunze kweavo vanotanga nenguva (.).
Kuona mafaira ose kusanganisira yakavanzwa mafaira (avo anotanga nenguva) unogona kushandisa shanduro inotevera:
ls -a
Mimwe mirairo inogadzira zvinyorwa zvemafaira anotanga ne tilde metacharacter (~).
Kana iwe usingadi kuona mabhakitiridzi paunonyora mafaira mufaira use shanduro inotevera:
ls -B
Kushandiswa kunowanzoitwa murairo wekutanga kune izvi:
ls -lt
Izvi zvinopa nguva refu yakarongwa yakarongedzwa nekugadzirisa nguva, neyo itsva pane yekutanga.
Mamwe marudzi akasarudzwa akasarudzwa nekuwedzera, ukuru, uye version:
ls-lU
ls -lX
ls -lv
Iyo yakareba yakanyora maitiro inokupa mashoko anotevera:
- permissions
- nhamba ye inodes yefaira (ona zvakaoma links)
- muridzi
- primary group
- faira yefaira
- last access time
- faira / folda / zita rekubatanidza
03 wegumi
Nzira Yokufamba Nedzimwe Folders
Kutenderera faira system unogona kushandisa mutemo cd .
Iyo Linux file system inogadzirisa muti. Musoro wemuti wacho unoratidzirwa nehashoni (/).
Pasi pemutsetse wemidzi, uchawana zvimwe kana kuti mahwendefa aya anotevera.
- /
- bin
- boot
- cdrom
- dev
- etc
- kumba
- lib
- lib64
- vakarasika + vakawanikwa
- media
- mnt
- sarudza
- proc
- mudzi
- runha
- sbin
- srv
- sys
- tmp
- var
- usr
Iyo bineri folder ine mirairo inogona kushandiswa nemunhu chero upi zvake akadai soutemo cd, ls, mkdir, nezvimwe.
Izvo sbin ine sarudzo dzemaitiro.
Tsamba ye usr inomiririra unix system zvidzidzo uye inewo bhadha uye sbin folda. Ita / usr / bin folda ine inowedzera yakawanda yemirairo iyo vashandi vanogona kukwanisa. Saizvozvowo, faira / usr / sbin ine sendima yakawandisa yemagetsi.
Bhuku rebhoti rine zvese zvinodiwa nehurongwa hwebhuku.
Iyo cdrom folder inotsanangurwa.
Dhadhadha yeD dev ine tsanangudzo pamusoro pezvinhu zvose zvakagadziriswa pane.
Izvo fowodhi fodhi inowanzo inowanikwa iyo yose mafaira ekugadzirisa mafaira.
Imba yeimba inowanzowanikwa apo mabhodhi ese anoshandiswa akachengetwa uye kune vashandisi vashoma ndiyo nzvimbo chete yavanofanira kuva nehanya nazvo.
Bhuku re lib lib uye lib64 rine dzose kernel uye dzakagovana makamuri.
Iyo yakarasika + yakawanikwa faira ichava nefaira risina zita risati rawanikwa nemurairo fsck.
Nyaya yepepanhau ndiyo iyo yakagadzirwa mhizha yakadai sedhina dze USB dziripo.
Iyo mt folder inoshandiswawo kuti igadzire kuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi yakadai semadhini e-USB, mamwe mafaira epafaira, ISO mifananidzo, nezvimwe.
Isofti ye opt inoshandiswa neimwe software software pakure se nzvimbo yekuchengetedza mabhinari. Zvimwe mapurisa anoshandisa / usr / wekune imwe nzvimbo.
Iyo pro folder ndiyo hurongwa hwefaira hunoshandiswa ne kernel. Iwe haufaniri kunyanya kunetseka pamusoro pefaira iyi zvikuru.
Iyo midzi midzi ndiyo musha wekushandisa kumudzidzi wemudzi.
Runha yefambisi ihurongwa hwehutori hwekuchengetedza hurongwa hwekushandisa runtime.
Iyo srv folda ndiyo yaungachengetedza zvinhu zvakadai sewebhu makadhi, mysql databases, uye kushandiswa kwezvinyorwa zvimwewo.
Isosi ye sys ine faira yefaira kuti ipe ruzivo rwehurongwa.
Iyo tmp folda ndeyeiyo faira.
Iyo var folder inosanganisira pfuma yose yezvinhu zvakananga kune system kusanganisira game data, mabhuku mabhuku, mafaira egore, maitiro ID, mazwi uye data yekaseti yekushandiswa.
Kuti uende kune imwe faira unoshandisa murairo weCd sezvinotevera:
cd / home / username / Documents
04 yegumi
Nzira Yokufamba Nayo Kudzoka Kwokunyorwa Kwesimba
Iwe unogona kudzokera kumusha wepafaira kubva kune imwe nzvimbo iri mumutambo uchishandisa murairo unotevera:
cd ~
Dzvanya pano kuti utungamirire zvakakwana kune cd ~ command .
05 of 10
Nzira Yokugadzira Sei Folder
Kana iwe uchida kugadzira faira itsva iwe unogona kushandisa murairo unotevera:
mkdir foldername
Dzvanya pano kuti utungamirire zvakakwana murairo we mkdir .
Nhungamiro inobatanidza inoratidza nzira yekuumba mazita ose ekuberekesa kwefaira uye sei kugadzirisa mvumo.
06 of 10
Nzira Yokugadzira Files
Linux inopa nhamba dzinoshamisa dzekugadzira mafaira matsva.
Kugadzira faira isina chinhu unogona kushandisa murairo unotevera:
touch filename
Mutemo wekubata unoshandiswa kugadzirisa nguva yekupedzisira yekuwana yefaira asi pane faira isipo iyo ine simba yekugadzira iyo.
Unogonawo kugadzira faira uchishandisa murairo unotevera:
cat> filename
Iwe unogona ikozvino kuisa mavara mumutsetse wemirairo uye urichengetedze kune faira uchishandisa CTRL uye D
Dzvanya pano kuti utungamirire zvakakwana kumurairo wekati .
Nzira iri nani yokusika mafaira ndeyokushandisa nano editor. Izvi zvinokuita kuti uwedzere mitsetse yezvinyorwa, kucheka uye kubata, tsvaga uye shandura mashoko uye uchengetedze faira mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana.
Dzvanya pano kuti utungamirire zvakakwana kune nano editor .
07 pa10
Nzira Yokugadzirisazve Nyaya uye Kufambisa Mafaira Pasi Paya Faira
Icho inzira dzinoverengeka dzokugadzirisa mafaira.
Nzira yakajeka yokutumidzazve faira ndeye kushandisa mv murairo.
mv oldfilename newfilename
Iwe unogona kushandisa mv murairo kutamisa faira kubva pane imwe faira kune imwewo zvakare.
mv / path / of / original / file / path / of / target / folder
Dzvanya pano kuti utungamirire zvakakwana kune mv murairo .
Kana iwe uchida kutora mazita akawanda emafaira anowirirana nenzira yakafanana iwe unogona kushandisa chirevo chezita zvakare.
rename zita rinoreva replacement filename (s)
Semuyenzaniso:
rename "gary" "tom" *
Izvi zvichatsiva mafaira ose mufaira ne gary mairi na tom. Saka faira inonzi garycv ichava tomcv.
Cherechedza kuti chirevo chezita zvakare hachishandi pane zvese zvese. Iko mv murairo yakachengeteka.
Dzvanya pano kuti uve mutungamiri akazara wezita rezita zvakare .
08 yegumi
Nzira Yokukopa Files
Kukopa faira uchishandisa Linux unogona kushandisa cp murairo sezvinotevera.
cp filename filename2
Murairo wepamusoro unonyora filename1 uye unonzi iyo filename2.
Iwe unogona kushandisa kopi ikopi kuti ukopike mafaira kubva pane imwe faira kuenda kune imwe.
Semuyenzaniso
cp / home / username / Documents / userdoc1 / home / username / Documents / UserDocs
Murairo uri pamusoro apa uchakopa faira userdoc1 kubva / kumba / username / Documents ku / imba / username / Documents / UserDocs
Dzvanya pano kuti utungamirire zvakakwana kumutemo weCP .
09 yegumi
Nzira Yokubvisa Sei FI neFolders
Iwe unogona kusvina mafaira nemafolisi uchishandisa rm murairo:
rm filename
Kana uchida kubvisa faira iwe unoshandisa shanduro inotevera:
rm -R foldername
Murairo wepamusoro unobvisa faira uye zviri mukati mazvo zvinosanganisira pasi-folders.
Dzvanya pano kuti utungamirire zvakakwana murairo weRM .
10 pa10
Ndeipi Symbolic Links uye Hard Links
Chirevo chekufananidzira ifaira inotaura kune imwe faira. A shortcutcut isimbo rekufananidzira.
Iwe unogona, semuenzaniso, une faira inotevera pane yako system.
- /home/username/document/accounts/useraccounts.doc
Zvichida unoda kukwanisa kuwana dhidhiyo kubva kumusha wekumba / wekushandisa.
Iwe unogona kugadzira chirevo chekufananidzira uchishandisa murairo unotevera:
ln -s /home/username/documents/accounts/useraccounts.doc /homehome/username/useraccounts.doc
Iwe unogona kugadzira faira useraccounts.doc kubva munzvimbo dzose mbiri asi paunenge uchigadzira chimiro chekufananidzira iwe uri kunyatsogadzira faira mu / home / username / documents / account account.
Chiratidzo chekufananidzira chinogona kugadzirwa pane imwechete yefaira uye chinongedzera kune faira pane imwe faira system.
Kushandiswa kwekufananidzira kunongogadzira faira ine chirevo kune imwe faira kana faira.
Ikubatanidza kwakaoma, zvisinei, kunobatanidza zvakananga pakati peefaira mbiri. Chaizvoizvo iwo ari faira imwe chete asi ine rimwe zita.
A hard link inopa nzira yakanaka yekuisa mafaira pasina kuendesa mberi pane disk space.
Iwe unogona kuumba rakaoma link kushandisa syntax inotevera:
ln filenamebeinglinked filenametolinkto
Mutsara wakafanana neaya wekufananidzira asi haishandisi--s kushandura.