Iwe unonzwa shoko nguva dzose asi zvakanyanyisa: Zvinorevei?
Kana zvasvika kune teknolojia nekombiyuta, chikwata chinoshanda senheyo inokosha yekusimudzirwa nekusimbiswa kwe hardware uye software.
Zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa pamusoro pechinhu zvinoshanda pamwe chete mukati megadziriro imwe chete. Sezvo zvakadaro, chikwata chimwe nechimwe chine mitemo yemirairo, mitemo, uye zviremera zvinotarisa kuti hardware / software inogona kuvakwa uye kuti umwe neumwe anofanira kushanda sei.
Zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinogona kuva:
- Nzira dzose
- Zvimwe zvikamu
- Interfaces
Versus hardware platforms, mapuratifomu epurogiramu akawedzera, asi zviri nyore kurondedzerwa nevashandisi. Zvinonzwisisika, zvichipiwa kuti tinosangana zvakanyanya ne software / apps, kunyange zvazvo hardware (semuviri mutsara, keyboards, vatariri, touchscreens) inobatsira kuburitsa gaka. Mapuratifomu epaofisi anowira pasi pezvikamu zvakawanda zve:
- System software
- Application software
Nzira Dzose
Zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinogona kuva masangano ese (kureva maitiro ekugadzirisa mafaira) akadai semakambani makuru, mashizha, mahwendefa, makombikiti, mapiritsi, mafoni, nezvimwewo. Chimwe nechimwe chezvizvi chinomiririra shanduro ye hardware nokuti imwe neimwe ine maitiro ayo, inoshanda zvakasiyana nedzimwe maitiro, uye inokwanisa kupa zvigadzirwa kana mabasa (semuenzaniso kushanda software / apps, kushamwaridzana nemichina / internet, etc.) kuvashandisi, zvikurukuru kwete kutarisirwa nemaitiro ekutanga.
Mumwe Nomuenzaniso
Zvimwe zvikamu, zvakadai sekati central processing unit (CPU) yemakombiyuta, inotaridzwawo semapuratifomu emafirimu. CPUs (kureva Intel Core, ARM Cortex, AMD APU) dzine maitiro akasiyana-siyana anogadzirisa kushanda, kukurukurirana, uye kushamwaridzana nezvimwe zvikamu zvinoumba sangano rose. Kuenzanisira, funga CPU senheyo inotsigira bhobhobhoti, chiyeuchidzo, disk drives, makadhi ekuwedzera, mazamu, uye software. Zvimwe zvikamu zvingave kana zvisingashandurane kune mumwe nemumwe, zvichienderana nemhando, fomu, nekuenderana.
Interfaces
Interfaces, zvakadai seCPI Express , Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) , kana ISA kuwedzera nzvimbo, ndiyo mapurisa ekuvandudzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzekadhi yekuwedzera / yekuwedzera. Kusiyana kwekufananidza fomu fomu zvinhu zvakasiyana, saka, somuenzaniso, haisi mumuviri unogona kuisa PCI Express kadhi mujeri re AGP kana ISA - yeuka kuti mapuratifomu anogadzirisa mitemo uye zvigadziriswa. Iyo inoshandiswa nayo inopawo hukurukuro, rubatsiro, uye zvigadzirwa kune kadhi rakakura rakawedzerwa. Mienzaniso yemakadhi ekuwedzera anoshandiswa pakushandiswa kwakadaro ndeye: mavhidhiyo mafirimu, mazwi / mavara, mabhuku ekutengesa maiti, USB ports, controller serial ATA (SATA), nezvimwewo.
System Software
Shanduro software ndiyo inotungamirira kombiyuta kuburikidza nekuita shanduro imwechete panguva yekugadzirisa / kurongedza zvinhu zvakawanda zvehurongware zvinyorwa pamwe ne software software. Iyo mienzaniso yakanakisisa ye system software inoshandisa zvirongwa , zvakadai se (asi kwete zvishoma) Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS, uye Chrome OS.
Iko inoshandiswa inoshumira seforuti nekupa nzvimbo inobatsira kutaurirana kwevashandisi kuburikidza ne-interfaces (p. Monitor, mouse, keyboard, printer, nezvimwewo), kukurukurirana nemamwe maitiro (sekubatana, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, etc.), uye software software.
Application Software
Kushandisa software kunosanganisira zvose zvezvirongwa zvakagadzirirwa kuita mabasa chaiwo pamakombiyuta - mazhinji haafaniri kuonekwa semapuratifomu. Mienzaniso inowanzoonekwa yee-non-platform application software ndeye: mapurogiramu ekugadzira mifananidzo, mazwi ekugadzirisa, maspredishiti, mimhanzi, mharidzo / kutaurirana, social media apps, nezvimwe.
Zvisinei, kune mamwe maitiro ekushandiswa kwepurogiramu iyo inowanzovewo mapurisa . Chinokosha ndechekuti kana kwete software iri mubvunzo inoshumira sekutsigirwa kune chimwe chinhu chingavakirwa pairi. Mimwe mienzaniso yekushandura software semapuratifti ndei:
- Tsvakurudzo dzeWebhu (kureva Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer) zvikwata zvemamwe mapurogiramu, zvakadai sevanhu vatatu-plug-ins / extensions kana zvidzidzo.
- Nzvimbo dzezvemagariro evanhu , dzakadai se-Facebook, dzinoshanda semapuratifomu paunotsigira zvikumbiro zvekunze, zvishandiso, uye / kana masangano anobatana nemasikirwo emunzvimbo. Izvi zvinoshanda kune zvose webhusaiti pamwe chete neshanduro yefaira ye mobile.
- Mitambo yemavhidhiyo inotsigira mods (kuburikidza nemutambo wemupepeti) inotaridzwawo sepurati. Vhidhiyo game mods inoshandisa injini yemuchina yemuchina yega yega sechinhu chekusika makarani akagadzirirwa-mapeji / mazinga, vanhu, zvinhu, kana kunyange mamiriro ose emira-oga.
Video Game Consoles
Vhidhiyo mitambo yevashandi ndiyo mienzaniso mikuru ye hardware uye software yakabatanidzwa pamwechete senhare. Mhando imwe neimwe yekunyaradza inoita senheyo iyo inotsigira rayo reraibhurari yemitambo mumuviri (semuenzaniso yekutanga Nintendo cartridge haisi kuenderana nemamwe mapeji eNintendo emitambo yekare) uye digitally (semuenzaniso pasinei zvose zviri zviviri faira, Sony PS3 game kwete kushanda paSouth PS4 system nemhaka ye software / programming language).