Chidzidzo 1
Kuti uchengetedze zviri nani makombiyuta epamba yako kana musha wekushandisa iyo inobatsira kana une ruzivo rukuru rwekuti runoshanda sei kuitira kuti unzwisise chauri kunyatsochengetedza uye nei. Ichi chichava chekutanga mune chikamu chechikamu chegumi chekubatsira kupa mhedziso yemashoko uye teknolojia yakashandiswa uye zvimwe zvemashoko, mazano, zvishandiso uye maitiro aunogona kushandisa kuti uone kuti kombiyuta yako yakachengeteka.
Kutanga, ndinoda kujekesa kuti aya aya ndeapi kuitira kuti paunenge uverenga nezvekodhidhi yakaipa yakapararira kuburikidza neInternet uye kuti inopinda sei uye inopedza kombiyuta yako uchakwanisa kutsanangurira mitemo ye techie uye uone kana izvi zvinokubata iwe kana kombiyuta yako uye matanho aungaita kana unofanirwa kutora kuti uzvidzivirire. Nokuda kweChikamu 1 chezvikamu izvi tinotarisa Hosts, DNS, ISPs uye Backbone.
Izwi rinopindira rinogona kuvhiringidza nokuti rine zvinoreva zvakawanda mu kombiyuta yenyika. Inoshandiswa kurondedzera kombiyuta kana sevhavha inopa mapeji ewebhu. Muchirevo ichi zvinonzi iyo kombiyuta iri kutora webhusaiti. Hondo inoshandiswawo kurondedzera makambani anobvumira vanhu kugovera server yavo hardware neIndaneti kugoverana idzi sebasa panzvimbo yekambani imwe neimwe kana munhu anenge achifanira kutenga zvose zvaanoshandisa.
Munhu mukuru mumamiriro ezvinhu emakombiyuta paInternet anotsanangurwa seimwe makombiyuta ane hupenyu huripo neInternet. Makombiyuta ose ari paInternet anotarisana kune mumwe. Vose vanogona kuita sevashumiri kana sevatengi. Iwe unokwanisa kutumira webhusaiti pakombiyuta yako nyore nyore sezvaunokwanisa kushandisa kombiyuta yako kuti uone mawebvu kubva kune mamwe makombiyuta. IInternet haisi chinhu kunze kwenyika yose yevanhu vanokurukurirana kumashure. Takatarisa nenzira iyi, makombiyuta ose, kana masimba, paInternet akaenzana.
Musha wega wega ane kero yakasiyana nedzimwe nzira yekutarisa kumigwagwa. Zvaisazoshanda kungotarisa tsamba kuna Joe Smith. Iwe unofanirwa kupawo kero yemugwagwa- somuenzaniso 1234 Main Street. Zvisinei, pangave pane anopfuura 1234 Main Street munyika, saka iwe unofanirawo kupa guta- Anytown. Zvichida pane Joe Smith pa1234 Main Street mune Anytown mune imwe nyika-saka iwe unofanira kuwedzera izvozvo pakero zvakare. Nenzira iyi, mail inokwanisa kushanda kumashure kuitira kuti tsamba iende kunzvimbo yakakodzera. Pakutanga vanoiwana kuhutano hwakanaka, ipapo kuguta rakarurama, ipapo kusvika kune munhu akarurama kutakura kwe1234 Main Street uye pakupedzisira kuna Joe Smith.
PaIndaneti, izvi zvinonzi IP yako (Internet protocol) kero. IP address yakagadzirwa nemabhote mana ematare matatu pakati pe 0 ne525. Mitsara yakasiyana yeP IP kero inenge ine makambani akasiyana kana ISPs (Internet service providers). Nokudzidzira IP address iyo inogona kushandiswa kumunhu akakodzera. Chokutanga zvinouya kune muridzi weiyo mazita eatari uye zvino inogona kuiswa pasi kune imwe kero yakarongerwa.
Ndinogona kutumidza kombiyuta yangu My Computer, asi hapana nzira yandinoziva kuti vangani vamwe vanhu vanonzi kombiyuta yangu Makombiyuta kuitira kuti irege kushanda kuedza kutumira mashoko kuTy Computer yangu kupfuura kungotaura tsamba chete kuna Joe Smith kununurwa zvakanaka. Uye nemamiriyoni evanhu vari paIndaneti hazvisi nyore kuti vashandisi vayeuke maateri ewebsite yega yega kana kuti vagari vaanoda kutaura navo kunyange zvakadaro, saka sangano rakasikwa kuti vashandisi vasvike masero vachishandisa mazita ari nyore kuyeuka.
IInternet inoshandisa DNS (domain domain system) kushandura zita kune iyo yechokwadi IP address kuitira nenzira yakakodzera hutano. Somuenzaniso, unogona kungoita yahoo.com mu web browser yako. Mashoko aya anotumirwa kune DNS server iyo inotarisa dhesi yayo uye inoshandura kero kune chimwe chinhu chakafanana ne 64.58.79.230 icho makombiyuta anogona kunzwisisa uye kushandisa kuti awane ruzivo kune zvaanoda kuenda.
DNS servers dzinopararira kwose kweInternet pane kuva nedzimwechete, central database. Izvi zvinobatsira kuchengetedza Indaneti kuburikidza kwete kupa imwe pfungwa yekukundikana kunogona kutora zvose. Inobatsirawo kukurumidzira kushandiswa uye kuderedza nguva inotora kushandura mazita kuburikidza nekuparadzanisa basa riri pakati pemaseva akawanda uye kuisa mavhariyoni pasi pose. Nenzira iyi, iwe unowana kero yako yakashandurwa paDNS server mukati memakiromita emunzvimbo yako yaunoshamwaridzana nemazana mashomanana masimba pane kuva nekutaurirana nekati central sehafu yenzira kumativi enyika iyo mamiriyoni evanhu ari kuedza kushandisa.
Your ISP (Internet Service Provider) inogona kunge ine DNS mavhareji. Zvichienderana nehukuru hweIP vanogona kuva nevanopfuura DNS server uye vangave vakapararira pasi rose pamwe chete nezvikonzero zvakafanana zvinotaurwa pamusoro apa. An ISP ine mishini uye inoshandisa kana inoshandisa mitambo yekutengesa inofanirwa kusimbisa kuvapo paInternet. Uyewo, vanopa ruzivo kuburikidza nemichina yavo nemitsara yekuterevhizheni kune vashandi pamutengo.
I-ISP yakakura ine mazamu makuru eInternet anonzi seashure. Fungidzira iyo nzira yemusana wembvu inopinda mushure mako uye inoita sepakati pepipeline yekutaurirana pamusoro penheyo yenyu. Nzira yenyu yebve inoenda kumigwagwa maduku kusvikira yava kusvika kumunhu mumwe musungo kuguma kufanana neyoInternet communications yebazi kubva pamasana kusvika kumaduku maduku eIP uye pakupedzisira kusvika kune mumwe munhu wekushandira pamutambo.
Kana chimwe chinhu chichiitika kune imwe yekambani inopa mitambo yekutengesa inoita musana wayo inogona kukanganisa zvikamu zvakakura zveInternet nokuti akawanda madiki eIPs anoshandisa chikamu ichocho cheshure chinonyangadzawo zvakare.
Iri sumo rinofanira kukupa kunzwisisa kwakanakisisa kwokuti Indaneti yakagadziriswa sei nevatsigiri vemumutsipa vanopa hutano hwekutsvaga kuIPs iyo inopawo kuti rubatsiro rwevashandi pachavo sewe pachako. Iko inofanira kunge yakakubatsirawo kunzwisisa kuti kombiyuta yako inoratidze sei nemamiriyoni emamwe mauto paInternet uye kuti DNS system inoshandiswa sei kushandura mazita eAnglish-Shona kune adhe dzinogona kutarirwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Muchikamu chinotevera tichafukidza TCPIP , DHCP , NAT nezvimwe zvinonakidza zvinyorwa zveInternet.