Tsanangudzo yekushandura kugadzirisa purogiramu protocol
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ndiyo protocol inoshandiswa kupa hurumende, inotungamirwa, uye hutungamiri hukuru hwekuparadzirwa kweIndaneti mukati memutambo.
DHCP inoshandiswawo kugadzirisa yakakodzera subnet mask , default gateway , uye DNS sevainhau pane imwe kifaa.
DHCP Inoshanda Sei
S server yeDHCP inoshandiswa kubudisa mazita e-IP akasiyana-siyana uye inogadzirisa imwe yeruzivo rwehutano. Mune dzimba dzakawanda nemabhizimisi maduku, router inoshanda seServer DHCP. Mumakomba makuru, kombiyuta imwe chete inogona kuita saServer DHCP.
Muchidimbu, urongwa hunoenderera seizvi: Chigadzi ((muchengeti) chinokumbira kero ye IP kubva kune router (iyo mumiririri), mushure mokunge mutambi wacho anopa imwe kero ye IP kuti abvumira muteresi kuti ataure pamutambo. Zvishoma zvishoma pasi apa ...
Pane imwe nguva shanduro yakashandurwa uye yakabatana kunetaneti ine server yeDHCP, inotumira chikumbiro kune server, inonzi DHCPDISCOVER chikumbiro.
Mushure mekunge DISCOVER pakasvika pavharesi reDHCP, sevha inoedza kubata paIndaneti iyo iyo inogona kushandisa, uye inopa muchengeti kero neDHCPOFFER pakiti.
Kana kambani iyo yakagadzirwa nokuda kwekero yakasarudzwa yePI, chigadziro chinopindura kune weDHCP sevhavha neDHCPREQUEST pakiti kuti igamuchire iyo, mushure mokunge sevha inotumira ACK iyo inoshandiswa kusimbisa kuti chigadziri chine iyo yakakodzera kero yeIndaneti uye kunotsanangura nguva yenguva iyo iyo shandiswa inogona kushandisa kero risati yatora imwe itsva.
Kana iyo seva inosarudza kuti iyo sarudzo haikwanisi kuva nekero ye IP, inotumira NACK.
Zvose izvi, zvechokwadi, zvinoitika nokukurumidza zvikuru uye haufaniri kuziva chero humwe hwehutano hwezvinhu zvaunenge uchangobva kuverenga kuitira kuti uwane kero ye IP kubva kune server DHCP.
Cherechedza: Kunyatsoongorora zvakasiyana-siyana pamaketani akasiyana-siyana anobatanidzwa mune izvi zvinogona kuverengwa paDhCP yeBasics peji peji.
Pros uye Cons yekushandisa DHCP
Kakombiyuta, kana chimwe chimwe chinhu chinobatanidza kune network (nzvimbo kana internet), inofanira kunyatsogadziriswa kuti ikurukure pane iyo network. Sezvo DHCP inobvumira kuti kugadziriswa kuitike kamwe chete, inoshandiswa munenge pese pechirongwa chinobatanidza kune network kunosanganisira makombiyuta, kushandura , mafoni, mavheti emitambo, nezvimwewo.
Nemhaka yeiyi yakaoma IP kero yekugoverwa, pane mikana shoma yokuti zviyero zviviri zvichava nekero kero ye IP , iyo iri nyore kwazvo kupinda mukati apo uchishandisa manyopi-akapiwa, static IP aderesi .
Kushandisa DHCP kunogadzirawo kambani nyore nyore kutarisira. Kubva pane chinzvimbo chekutungamirira, chigadziro chose chiri pa network chinogona kuwana kero yePI isina chimwe chinhu kunze kwekunyoreswa kwekugadzirisa mitambo, iyo yakagadzirirwa kuwana kero kamwe chete. Iyo imwe chete ndiyo imwe nzira ndeyekupa manyore mazita kune imwe neimwe yega yega yezvinhu zvose pamutambo.
Nemhaka yokuti aya majoni anogona kuwana kero ye IP kamwe chete, vanogona kufamba vakasununguka kubva kune imwe nhandare kuenda kune imwe (vakapa kuti vose vakagadzirirwa neDHCP) uye vanogamuchira kero ye IP kamwe chete, iyo inobatsira zvikuru nemasipiramu efoni.
Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kana chigadziri chine kero ye IP yakagoverwa ne server DHCP, iyo IP address ichashandura nguva imwechete iyo device ichibatanidza network. Kana iyo kero dze IP dzakagoverwa nemunhu, zvinoreva kushandiswa hakufaniri kungopa kero yakananga kune umwe neumwe mushandisi, asi maawa aripo anenge atove anogoverwa anofanira kunge asingagoni kugoverwa chero ipi zvayo kushandisa imwe kero. Iyi haisi nguva inongopedza nguva, asi manyogadziri ekugadzirisa imwe nhumbi imwe neimwe inowedzerawo mukana wekupinda mune zvikanganiso zvakagadzirwa nevanhu.
Kunyangwe pane zvakawanda zvekubatsira kushandisa DHCP, kune zvimwe zvimwe zvisingabatsiri zvakare. Dynamic, kuchinja IP keroti haifaniri kushandiswa kwezvigadziri zvinenge zvamira uye zvinoda kugara nguva dzose, sekudhinda mapirita nemaseva emafaira.
Kunyange zvazvo zvishandiso zvakadai zviripo zvikuru munzvimbo dzesebasa, hazvina kukodzera kugovera ne-ever-changing address ye IP. Somuenzaniso, kana network printer ine kero ye IP iyo ichachinja pane imwe nguva mune ramangwana, ipapo makombiyuta ose akabatanidzwa kune iyo printer ichafanira kugara achivandudza zvirongwa zvavo kuitira kuti makombiyuta azonzwisisa kuti vangabata sei mupirita.
Iyi yakagadziriswa haina kunyanya kukosha uye inogona kudzivirirwa nyore nyore nekusashandisa DHCP kune iyo mhando yemagadziri, uye pane kugovera kero ye IP yepamusoro kwavari.
Mhedziso imwechete inowanikwa kana iwe uchida kuva nekusingaperi kurega kwekombiyuta mumusha mako. Kana DHCP inobvumira, iyo kombiyuta ichawana imwe kero yePI pane imwe nguva, zvinoreva iyo yawakanyora seyoyo kombiyuta ine, haichave yakarurama kwenguva refu. Kana iwe uri kushandisa kure kurega software iyo inotenderera paIndaneti-based access, iwe uchada kushandisa static IP kero yeyo device.
Mamwe Mashoko Pamusoro peDHCP
Dhipatimendi reDHCP rinotsanangura kuwanda, kana kutarisana , kwekero dze IP dzinoshandisa kushandiswa majeri ane kero. Iri dziva rekero ndiyo nzira chete yekuti chigadziro chinogona kuwana chibvumirano chakanaka chekubatanidza.
Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero DHCP inobatsira zvikuru - nokuti inobvumira zvakawanda zvigadziri zvekubatanidza kune network pane imwe nguva zvisingadi chidimbu chikuru cheateri. Semuenzaniso, kunyange kana maawa 20 chete anotsanangurwa nevhareji yeDHCP, 30, 50, kana kunyange 200 (kana kupfuura) zvigoni zvinogona kuungana kune network kana nguva isingasviki makumi maviri iri kushandisa imwe yekero yePI yakawanikwa panguva imwe chete.
Nokuti DHCP inopa IP mazita kwenguva yakati (nguva yekubhadhara ), kushandisa mirairo yakafanana ipconfig kuwana kombiji ye IP yekombiyuta ichapa mhinduro dzakasiyana nenguva.
Kunyange zvazvo DHCP inoshandiswa kuponesa mazita eIndaneti kune vashandi vayo, hazvireve kuti mamiriyoni eE IP haagoni kushandiswawo panguva imwe chete. Musanganiswa wezvigadziri zviri kuwana dhiyabhorosi kero uye zvishandiso zvine maIndaneti mazita avo zvavanopiwa, zvinogona kunge zviripo kune imwechete yehutano.
Kunyange ISP inoshandisa DHCP kugovera IP kero. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa pakuratidza nzvimbo yako yepachena yePI . Icho chinogona kuchinja pane nguva kunze kwekuti imba yako yekutengesa ine kero ye IP, iyo inowanzova iyo nyaya yemabhizimisi anowanikwa pachena pawebhu webasa.
MuWindows, APIPA inopa kero yakakosha yeP IP apo sevhare DHCP inokundikana kutumira chimwe chinhu kune imwe device, uye inoshandisa kero iyi kusvikira inogona kuwana iyo inoshanda.
Dynamic Host Configuration Working Group yeInternet Engineering Task Force yakasika DHCP.