Patikiti inokosha yekukurukurirana pamusoro pedhijaneti. Patikiti inonziwo datagram, chikamu, bhokisi, sero kana fomu, zvichienderana neprotocol inoshandiswa pakuendesa dheta. Apo dheta inofanirwa kuparadzirwa, inoputsika muzvikamu zvakafanana zvemashoko vasati vatumirwa, kunzi mapaketi, ayo akabatanidzwa zvakare kune yepakutanga data chunk pavanosvika kwavanoenda.
Maitiro eData Packet
Chimiro chepakete chinoenderana nemhando yepakiti iyo uye pane protocol. Verenga zvakare pasi apa pamapatete nemitemo. Kazhinji, pakiti ine packer uye mubhadharo.
Musoro unoramba uine hutano hwepamusoro pamusoro pepaketani, basa, uye nedzimwe nhepfenyuro yakabatana. Semuenzaniso, kudhindwa kwemashoko paIndaneti kunoda kuputsa pasi data muPP packets, inotsanangurwa mu IP (Internet Protocol), uye IP packet inosanganisira:
- Inzvimbo ye IP address, iyo iyo IP kero yemuchina kutumira data.
- Iyo kero yepaI yePI, iyo ndiyo mishonga kana chipikisi iyo data inotumirwa nayo.
- Kurongeka kwenhamba yemapetetsi, nhamba iyo inoisa mapaketi kuitira kuti zvive zvakare zvakare nenzira yekuwana dhesi yepakutanga kumashure sezvakange iri iyo kutumirwa.
- Rudzi rwebasa
- Flags
- Uye zvimwe zvimwe zvekodhi data
- Mubhadharo, unomiririra huwandu hwepaketani (zvose zviri pamusoro apa zvinoonekwa sepamusoro), uye chaizvoizvo data iri kutorwa.
Patikiti nemitemo
Patikiti dzinosiyana mukugadzirisa uye kushanda zvichienderana nemitemo inoshandisa ivo. VoIP inoshandisa IP protocol, uye saka IP packets. Pamutsetse weEthernet , semuenzaniso, deta inoparidzwa mumafaira eEthernet .
Muchi IP protocol, IP packets dzinofamba pamusoro peInternet kuburikidza nodes, iyo inofanirwa uye ma routers (inyanzvi dzinonzi nodes mumamiriro ezvinhu aya) yakawanikwa munzira kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo. Patikiti imwe neimwe inoendeswa kune imwe nzvimbo zvichibva kune imwe nzvimbo uye nzvimbo yekuenda. Pane imwe nheyo, router inosarudza, zvichienderana nekuverenga kunosanganisira network network uye mari, kune imwe nhamba yevakidzani inonyatsoshanda kutumira pakiti.
Iyi node inonyanya kushandiswa kutumira pakiti. Ichi chikamu chepakiti yekushandura iyo inonyatsoputika mapepa paInternet uye mumwe nomumwe wavo anoona nzira yake kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo. Iyi nzira inoshandisa chimiro chemuInternet chesununguko, ndicho chikonzero chikuru icho VoIP inoshevedza neIndaneti kushevedza zvisingabhadhari kana zvisingabatsiri.
Kusiyana netsika yefoni iyo mutsara kana dunhu pakati penzvimbo uye nzvimbo inofanira kupiwa uye yakachengetedzwa (inonzi circuit circuit), saka mari inorema, pikiti yekushandura inoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvekare zviripo zvekusununguka.
Imwe muenzaniso ndeye TCP (Transmission Control Protocol), iyo inoshanda ne IP mune zvatinonzi TCP / IP yakawanda. TCP inofanirwa kuchengetedza kuti kudhindwa kwemashoko kune chokwadi. Kuti uite izvozvo, inotarisa kuti mapeti acho asvika sei, kuti zvimwe mapepa anoshaikwa kana akave akanyorwa, uye kana pane kucheka kwekutakura kwepakiti. Inodzora izvi nekuisa nguva yekushandisa uye zviratidzo zvinonzi kubvuma.
Pasi Pasi
Dhiyabhorosi inofamba mumapakiti pamusoro pemagetsi e digital uye yese ye data yatinopedza, kana iri mutsara, inzwi, mifananidzo kana vhidhiyo, inouya yakaputsika mumapakiti ayo akazosanganiswa mumashandi edu kana makombiyuta. Ichi ndicho chikonzero, somuenzaniso, apo mufananidzo unotakura zvishoma nezvishoma, unoona zvinyorwa zvayo zvichionekwa pane imwe pashure peimwe.