Nenzira dzakawanda dzekutengesa dheseti dzekushandiswa kwepaneti dzinoshandisa mapepa kutumira data kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yekushandisa kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yekuenda. Iyo IP protocol haisi iyo yakasiyana. IP packets ndiyo inonyanya kukosha uye inokosha zvikamu zve protocol. Izvo zvivako zvinotakura data panguva yekuendesa. Vanewo musoro une ruzivo rwunovabatsira kuti vawane nzira yavo uye kuti vadzoke zvakare mushure mekutapurirana.
Iyo miviri miviri mikuru ye IP protocol ndiyo nzira uye kugadzirisa . Kuendesa mapepa kusvika kune uye kubva kumichina paine network, IP (Internet Protocol) inoshandisa IP mazita ayo anotakurwa pamwe chete mumapatete.
Zvimwe Zvinyorwa paIP Packets
Tsanangudzo pfupi iri mumufananidzo inoreva zvakakwana kukupa pfungwa yebasa remusoro wezvinyorwa. Zvisinei, vamwe vangave vasina kujeka:
- Chiratidzo chekucherechedza chinoshandiswa kubatsira kubatanidza pakiti kubva kune zvimwe zvikamu zviduku. Apo deta inotumirwa pamusoro penhare, yakaputsika muzvikamu zviduku zvakaputirwa mumapatete aya. IP network, zvakadai seInternet, kazhinji haisi yakachengeteka, saka mapakiti anogona kurasikirwa, anogona kunonoka, uye anogona kusvika pakushata kwakashata. Kamwe pavanosvika kune imwe nzvimbo, chiratidzo chekuziva chinobatsira kuziva peji uye kudzorerazve deta zvakare kumudziro wayo wepakutanga.
- Iyo mireza yakapatsanurwa inotaura kana iyo packet inogona kuparadzana kana kwete.
- Iyo fragment offset ndiyo munda kuti uzive kuti chikamu chei pakatengeswa pakiti iyi.
- Nguva Yokurarama (TTL) nhamba inoratidza kuti mahombekiti akawanda (router inopfuura) packet inogona kuita isati yafa. Kazhinji, pane rimwe routerti, pakiti inongororwa uye inobva pane zvauripo zviri pa router iyo kune dzimwe nzira dzinotarisana nadzo, sarudzo inogadzirwa sokuti ndeipi nzira yakanakisisa. Iyo packet inotumirwa kune iyo inotevera router. Muchigadziriswa ichi, pakiti yepaketani inogona kuenderera mberi. Panewo mafashamo seimwe nzira, iyo inoreva kutumira kopi yepakiti kune router imwe neimwe yakatarisana; ipapo ndiyo chete inoshandiswa nemichina inoshandisa iyo packet. Zvimwe mapaketi acharamba achifamba. TTL nhamba, kazhinji 255, iyo inoderedza nguva imwe neimwe pakiti inotakura router. Nenzira iyi, zvikwata zvakasununguka zvichazofa kamwechete apo TTL inosvika zero.
- Iyo musoro checksum inhamba inoshandiswa pakukanganisa kuonekwa nekugadziriswa panguva yekutumirwa kwepakiti. Dhiyabhorosi iri mu packet inodyiswa muchibvumirano chemasvomhu chinokonzera sum, iyo inotumirwa pamwe nemashoko ari mu packet. Pamusoro pokugamuchira, chiyero ichi chinoratidzwa zvakare zvakare uchishandura shanduro imwechete. Kana iri yakafanana nemari yepakutanga, iyo data yakanaka, zvisinei iyo inonzi yakasvibiswa uye packet inorambidzwa.
- Ipo payload iyo iyo chaiyo data iri kutorwa. Cherechedza kuti dhibhadha yemari inogona kusvika kusvika ku 64 KiloBytes, iyo yakawanda yakaenzaniswa nehuwandu hwemusoro hwemusoro.